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United States National Museum
Bulletin 209
Nearctic Wasps
of the Subfamilies
Pepsinae and Ceropalinae
By HENRY TOWNES
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION « WASHINGTON, D.C. © 1957
A viet oheteah fe
0 heats cena
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me
*
"oo
Nearctic Wasps
of the
Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae
Introduction
The family Psammocharidae includes a large number of common
wasps that provision their nests with spiders. Typical psammochar-
ids are long-legged insects commonly seen on flowers or running rap-
idly over the ground or low vegetation, often nervously flipping their
wings. A large portion of the Nearctic species are black with black
wings, though various members of the family are marked or colored
with red, orange, yellow, white, or metallic blue. Technically, the
psammocharids may be distinguished from all other wasps by a straight
transverse groove that divides the mesopleuron into upper and lower
halves (figure 1,5). This groove is always present, and though other
wasps possess grooves on the mesopleuron, none but the psammo-
charids have one that is single, straight, and transverse. The species
included in the present paper are those belonging to the subfamilies
Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, occurring in America north of México.
Previous taxonomic work on these species, except for two papers on
Pepsis by Hurd, is not outstanding and consists largely of the descrip-
tion of new species. References to all the original descriptions are
given in the species headings, the significant papers dealing with
biology are cited in the synonymy of the species concerned, and the
few revisional papers may be located by referring to a recent cata-
logue (Townes and Hurd, 1951, U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2,
pp. 907-973). In addition to this literature are numerous locality
records (largely in state lists), some notes on synonymy and taxon-
omy, and the well known lectotype lists by Cresson (types in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and by Rohwer and
Gahan (Provancher types). The specimens which form the bases for
most of this literature have been restudied and re-recorded accord-
ing to the taxonomy in this paper. No attempt has been made to
correct the many errors of identification that occur in literature, but if a
record in literature is not repeated in the summary of the distribu-
tional and biological data from pin labels on the specimens studied,
1
Publications of the U. S. National Museum
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two
series known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a
medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections
of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology,
anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and re-
visions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are
distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to
specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates
at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table
of contents of each of the volumes.
The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, contains
separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological
groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several
volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type speci-
mens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The
majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been
adopted in a few instances. In the Bulletin series appear volumes
under the heading Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since
1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the
Museum.
The present work forms No. 209 of the Bulletin series.
REMINGTON KELLOGG,
Director, United States National Museum.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1957
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D. C. - Price $1.50 (paper cover)
Contents
Introduction . .
Subfamily Pepsinae .
Tribe Pepsini
Genus Chirodamus Haley
Genus Pepsis Fabricius .
Genus Hemipepsis Dahlbom .
Genus Priocnessus Banks :
Genus Priocnemioides Radoszkow aie
Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer
Genus Priocnemis Schi¢dte.
Subgenus Sphictostethus Kohl.
Subgenus Clistoderes Banks. .
Subgenus Priocnemissus Haupt .
Subgenus Priocnemis Schigdte .
Genus Calicurgus Lepeletier .
Genus Dipogon Fox . 2
Subgenus Deuteragenia Guster -
Subgenus Dipogon Fox .
Tribe Macromerini . .
Genus Phanagenia Bankes
Genus Auplopus Spinola .
Genus Ageniella Banks i
Subgenus Leucophrus Townes. .
Subgenus Nemagenia Banks
Subgenus Priophanes Banks .
Subgenus Ageniella Banks .
Subgenus Ameragenia Banks .
Genus Priocnemella Banks .
Subfamily Ceropalinae. .
Tribe Notocyphini
Genus Notocyphus Smith .
Tribe Minageniini .
Genus Minagenia kay
Tribe Ceropalini
Genus Ceropales Latreille!
NG exeeetew ts 3: Fete; sys, ees
Tir
Page
11
25
32
40
67
80
81
83
83
89
108
115
116
131
140
141
143
167
168
174
176
189
215
219
220
221
222
225
226
237
238
273
ier
a er)
We wel
, warren
oo ,
Nearctic Wasps
of the
Subfamilies Pepsinae and Ceropalinae
Introduction
The family Psammocharidae includes a large number of common
wasps that provision their nests with spiders. Typical psammochar-
ids are long-legged insects commonly seen on flowers or running rap-
idly over the ground or low vegetation, often nervously flipping their
wings. A large portion of the Nearctic species are black with black
wings, though various members of the family are marked or colored
with red, orange, yellow, white, or metallic blue. Technically, the
psammocharids may be distinguished from all other wasps by a straight
transverse groove that divides the mesopleuron into upper and lower
halves (figure 1,b). This groove is always present, and though other
wasps possess grooves on the mesopleuron, none but the psammo-
charids have one that is single, straight, and transverse. The species
included in the present paper are those belonging to the subfamilies
Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, occurring in America north of México.
Previous taxonomic work on these species, except for two papers on
Pepsis by Hurd, is not outstanding and consists largely of the descrip-
tion of new species. References to all the original descriptions are
given in the species headings, the significant papers dealing with
biology are cited in the synonymy of the species concerned, and the
few revisional papers may be located by referring to a recent cata-
logue (Townes and Hurd, 1951, U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2,
pp. 907-973). In addition to this literature are numerous locality
records (largely in state lists), some notes on synonymy and taxon-
omy, and the well known lectotype lists by Cresson (types in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) and by Rohwer and
Gahan (Provancher types). The specimens which form the bases for
most of this literature have been restudied and re-recorded accord-
ing to the taxonomy in this paper. No attempt has been made to
correct the many errors of identification that occur in literature, but if a
record in literature is not repeated in the summary of the distribu-
tional and biological data from pin labels on the specimens studied,
1
2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
it may be regarded as incorrect or unverified as far as my own re-
searches are concerned.
Between August 1952 and February 1954, while this paper was
awaiting publication, K. V. Krombein has published five papers con-
taining brief but interesting habitat notes on a number of pepsines.
Most of his specimens have been studied and included in my distri-
butional data, but his habitat notes are more exact and detailed than
I have listed them. They can be consulted on the following pages:
1952, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 78, pp. 91-92; 1952, Proc. Ent.
Soc. Washington, vol. 54, pp. 176-177; 1953, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash-
ington, vol. 55, p. 130; 1954, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 49, pp.
3-4; and 1954, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 56, p. 230.
This paper completes a taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Psammo-
charidae, other sections of the family having been treated as follows:
Aporini by Bradley, 1944, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 70, pp. 23-157.
Psammocharini by Evans, 1950 and 1951, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
vol. 75, pp. 133-270; vol. 76, pp. 207-361; and vol. 77, pp. 203-340.
Pepsis by Hurd, 1952, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. 98, pp. 261-
304.
The family name
Pompilidae, rather than Psammocharidae is a name sometimes used
for this family, but it may not be so used correctly. The generic name
Pompilus Fabricius 1898, type of the family name Pompilidae, has
Pompilus viaticus Fabricius as its genotype. Pompilus viaticus is a spe-
cies of Sphecidae, because of which the generic name Pompilus may be
used correctly only in the Sphecidae. In regard to the name Psam-
mocharidae, its type genus is Psammochares Latreille, 1896, with the
genotype Sphex fusca Linnaeus. fusca is a species of the subfamily
Psammocharinae in the present family. The generic name Psammo-
chares is the oldest name in the family and as such may be used as the
type of the family name. Pate (1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol.
72, pp. 123-128) has discussed this nomenclatorial situation in detail.
Older authors have used the name Pompilidae for the family without
considering its validity, but in 1910 Banks introduced usage of the
correct name, Psammocharidae, which steadily gained favor until by a
generation later the majority of the basic literature of the world used
this name. Certain workers who wished to continue using the name
Pompilidae, however, appealed to the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature for an arbitrary declaration that Psam-
mocharidae was incorrect and Pompilidae was correct. The Inter-
national Commission obliged by issuing in 1945 its Opinion No. 166,
throwing its influence behind the usage of the name Pompilidae and
against the name Psammocharidae. This is one of a series of similar
actions by the International Commission whose purpose has been to
INTRODUCTION 3
promote uniformity in zoological nomenclature and to gain additional
support for itself by appeasing those zoologists wishing arbitrarily to
maintain certain names in which their convenience and prestige were
involved, rather than to submit the disposition of the names to im-
partial rules of procedure. Although a purpose of the International
Commission was to decrease confusion, it has so often been misin-
formed on the specific cases and on certain general nomenclatorial
situations that confusion has instead been multiplied. It is hard to
see how the influence of these kinds of actions can endure indefinitely,
and since their influence is considered temporary they are disregarded
and the name Psammocharidae is here retained.
In the preparation of this paper the necessary decisions, both zo-
ological and nomenclatorial, have been dependent on the painstaking
collection and consideration of the pertinent data so far as they could
be unearthed and comprehended. This has meant many hours of
work and many revisions of previous ideas. Most of the revisions
have been inconvenient to make, and some which pointed up former
errors have been embarrassing to admit. But, if it were found that in
some cases pertinent facts had been purposely hidden or arbitrarily
dismissed from consideration, users of the paper would conclude that
it lacked trustworthiness. The human researcher never entirely es-
capes the influences of laziness and prejudice, but having striven at
much cost for accurate and honest work in the body of the paper, it
would be inconsistent to knowingly abandon this course by adopting
the family name Pompilidae. Such considerations, however, do not
have an equal appeal to all workers, and many are now using the
name Pompilidae on the authority of the International Commission
on Zoological Nomenclature.
Material studied and acknowledgments
The specimens in the North American collections listed below have
been studied:
U. S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia.
H. E. Evans, Ithaca, New York.
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
University of California, Berkeley, California.
Henry and Marjorie Townes, Raleigh, North Carolina.
K. V. Krombein, Arlington, Virginia.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California.
Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Station, Texas.
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario.
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
David Shappirio, Washington, District of Columbia.
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
4 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas.
Morton Vogel, Washington, District of Columbia.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina.
University of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio.
In the statement of the location of a specimen or a type, the city of
an institutional collection or the owner’s name in the case of a personal
collection is used as the reference word. In Raleigh, North Carolina,
there are two institutional collections, that of the Department of
Agriculture and that of North Carolina State College. The former is
indicated by “Raleigh” and the latter by ‘‘State College, Raleigh.”
The many institutional and personal collections made available for
study have permitted correlation of the work of many collectors—
a tedious job; however, it has been of great value in giving a more
complete idea of the specific distribution and variation, the oppor-
tunity, at times, to correct initial misinterpretations with the study
of more material, and a more nearly complete record of the fauna
than would otherwise have been possible. I was particularly fortu-
nate in having the cooperation of Doctors H. E. Evans and P. D.
Hurd, who collected and sent a great many interesting specimens for
study. Dr. Evans also sent his flower records, notes on the species
of spiders captured as prey, and other biological notes. Much of
the material at the U. S. National Museum, on which this study
was initiated, was collected by Mr. J. C. Bridwell. Mr. George
Townes paid especial collecting attention to these wasps and sent
me many important specimens, mostly from Columbia, 8. C. Mr.
R. R. Dreisbach assisted by sending manuscript copies of his papers
and by lending manuscript types for study. Opportunity to see
some of his extensive work on the genitalia of psammocharids, mostly
still unpublished, saved much time that would otherwise necessarily
have been spent in exploratory work on these structures. It might
be added that the brief treatment of them in the present paper does
not reflect their total taxonomic value, but rather that other struc-
tures are usually sufficient for an accurate determination, and that
Mr. Dreisbach is about to publish photomicrographs of the genitalia
of nearly all the Nearctic species. Spider prey collected with certain
of the specimens were determined by Doctors H. H. Swift and B. J.
Kaston. Mr. K. V. Krombein has reviewed the manuscript with
the eye of an editor as well as of a hymenopterist, and has sent many
interesting notes and specimens for incorporation.
All the types in North American collections except the Provancher
types and those of Pepsis have been studied. Comparisons with and
notes on the types of Dahlbom at Lund, Sweden, were made for me
Pe CANATION OF PLATES
PuaTE |
Figure 1, Chirodamus pyrrhomelas 2 ; 2, Pepsis thisbe 2 ; 3, Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera
2; 4, Priocnessus nebulosus 9 ; 5, Priocnemioides austrinus austrinus 9 ; 6, Cryptochetlus
idoneum birkmanni 2 ; 7, Priocnemis (Priocnemtissus) minorata 9 ; 8, Calicurgus hyalinatus
alienatus 2 ; 9, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi sayi 2 ; 10, Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis brevis 2 ;
11, Auplopus nigrellus 2 ; 12, Notocyphus dorsalis arizonicus &; 13, Minagenia clypeata 9 ;
14, Ceropales maculata fraterna 2 .
PLATE 2
Figure 15, Chirodamus maculipennis 2 ; 16, Priocnessus apache 2; 17, Priocnemioides
angusticeps 9; 18, Priocnemioides untfasciatus unifasciatus 2; 19, Priocnemtioides uni-
fasciatus californicus 2 ; 20, Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum 9 ; 21, Priocnemis (Sphicto-
stethus) pretiosa 2 ; 22, Priocnemtis (Priocnemis) germana 2 ; 23, Priocnemis (Priocnemis)
scitula scitula 2 ; 24, Priocnemis (Priocnemis) hestia 9 ; 25, Priocnemis (Priocnemts) minus-
culaQ ; 26, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) pulchripennis 2 ; 27, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago
anomalus 2 ; 28, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi nigrior 2 (type); 29, Dipogon (Dipogon) graeni-
cheri atratus Q (type); 30, Auplopus architectus architectus 2; 31, Ageniella (Priophanes)
faceta faceta 9 ; 32, Ageniella (Agentella) conflicta 2 ; 33, Ageniella (Ageniella) accepta 2° ;
34, Ageniella (Ageniella) blaisdelli Q .
PuaTE 3
Figure 35, M. congrua; 36, M. lata (type); 37, M. clypeata; 38, M. osoria; 39, M. montis-
dorsa, variety with long squama; 40, M. montisdorsa, variety with short squama.
PLaTeE 4
Figure 41, M. julia, variety with long squama; 42, M. julia, variety with long squama;
43, M. julia, variety with short squama; 44, M. lata, subgenital plate of type; 45, M. osoria,
subgenital plate; 46, M. congrua, subgenital plate; 47, M. julia, subgenital plate; 48, /,
montisdorsa, subgenital plate.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN[209 PLATE 1
WINGS OF GENERA OF PEPSINAE AND CEROPALINAE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 PEATE 2
34.
FOREWINGS OF PEPSINAE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULL EERINGZOS Pe Ake. Ss
MALE GENITALIA OF MINAGENIA SPECIES
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209 PLATE 4
AGT Wee
MALE GENITALIA AND SUBGENITAL PLATES OF MINAGENIA SPECIES
INTRODUCTION 5
by Miss Louise Russell; comparisons with and notes on the types in
London and Oxford were made by Mr. J. H. H. Yarrow; Dr. H. E.
Evans sent a copy of his notes on the Provancher types; and Mr.
K. V. Krombein sent notes on the Provancher types taken in 1953.
Assistance from these persons and from the curators of institutions
and museums at Washington, Philadelphia, Cambridge, Ithaca,
Raleigh, Lawrence, and San Francisco, who made the types under
their care available for study, has permitted the kind of nomencla-
torial work that was sorely needed in this group. Their help is
gratefully acknowledged.
Many of Banks’ new species were described from a syntype series,
without designation of an individual type. Often the number of
specimens involved and sometimes even the sex is not stated. For
nomenclatorial purposes I have designated a lectotype in the specific
synonymy wherever one of Banks’ new names was based on more
than one specimen without designation of the single type. The
specimen so designated is usually the one of the series labeled “‘type”’
by Banks, though heretofore not designated as such in a publication.
To my wife goes special acknowledgement for the many ways in
which she assisted with this study, particularly in recording distri-
butional data and preparing the maps. The maps are intended to
give a quick comprehension of the known distribution, with a spot
for each definite locality. Indefinite localities, like a state, or locali-
ties not in the atlases at hand, could not of course be indicated by
definite spots and so had to be omitted. They are included, however,
in the lists of specimens studied.
Terminology
The Rohwer and Gahan (1915, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol.
18, pp. 20-76) system of wing vein and cell terminology is used.
This terminology is explained in figure 1,a. The subgenital plate is
the last visible sternite—the apparent seventh but actual eighth (or
the morphological ninth) abdominal sternite in the male, and the
sixth abdominal sternite in the female. The squama, or paramere,
of the male genitalia is the lateral distal piece, usually the largest,
most lateral, most projecting, and most conspicuous paired part of
the external genitalia.
An ability to distinguish between males and females is presupposed
in the keys and descriptions. Males have thirteen segments in the
antenna (or only twelve in Pepsis formosa), seven visible abdominal
sternites, no sting, and a more slender build. Females have twelve
segments in the antenna, six visible abdominal sternites, a sting that
may frequently be seen exserted, a more robust build, and many
minor differences from the males in proportions and in the vestiture
and bristles.
6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
‘Taxonomy
The Psammocharidae belongs in the Vespoidea and, like the rest
of the Vespoidea, is probably a derivative of some scoliidlike stock.
Within the family are two main lines of evolution—the pepsine,
which is included entirely in the subfamily Pepsinae, and the psam-
mocharine, which is included in the subfamilies Psammocharinae
and Ceropalinae. Many authors recognize more than the three
subfamilies just mentioned. I have studied most of the material
available in the United States, and though this does not include many
of the critical exotic genera it is enough to convince me that probably
all of the additional subfamilies recognized by other authors should
be merged with one of these three. Homenotus and Aporus, often
segregated in the Homonotinae or Aporinae, definitely belong in the
Psammocharinae. Jrenangelus and Notocyphus I place in the Cero-
palinae, and the ““Macromerinae” is considered a tribe of the Pepsinae.
The separation of Pepsis as a subfamily distinct from other pepsine
genera seems quite unjustified. The few ‘Claveliinae’” I have seen
are aberrant Pepsini. Olizon and related genera, often referred to
the Psammocharidae, belong in the Rhopalosomatidae, as evidenced
by the articulation between the first and second abdominal segments,
upcurved sting, winged tarsal segments of some females, and lack of
a distinct transverse groove on the mesopleuron.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 1
a, Wings of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to illustrate terminology: CELLS
or Forewinc: A, Costal; B, median; c, submedian; p, anal; E, stigma; F, first cubital;
c, second cubital; u, third cubital; 1, fourth cubital; j, radial; k, first discoidal; L, second
discoidal; M, third discoidal; Nn, first brachial; 0, second brachial; p, pocket of second discodial.
CeELts or Hrnp Wine: Q, Costellan; r, mediellan; s, submediellan; T, anal lobe; vu, radiellan;
v, cubitellan; w, discoidellan; x, anellan. VeErNs oF Forewinc: 1, Costa; 2, subcosta;
3, medius; 4, submedius; 5, metacarpus; 6, radius; 7, cubitus; 8, discoideus; 9, subdiscoideus;
10, first intercubitus; 11, second intercubitus; 12, third intercubitus; 13, basal; 14, nervulus;
15, first recurrent; 16, second recurrent. VeriNs oF Hinp Wine: 17, Costella; 18, subcost-
ella; 19, mediella; 20, submediella; 21, metacarpella; 22, radiella; 23, cubitella; 24, discoidella;
25, intercubitella; 26, nervellus.
b, Side view of thorax of Cryptocheilus severini, to show the transverse groove on the
mesopleuron characteristic of all psammocharids.
c, Side view of abdomen of Priocnemts minorata, 9 , to illustrate the groove on the second
sternite characteristic of the Pepsinae, and the lateral crease on the first tergite.
d, Part of middle leg of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to show the spine-
like setae set in pits on the apical part of the femur, characteristic of this subfamily.
e, Apex of hind tibia of Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 2, to show the uniform length of its
apical spinelike setae, characteristic of the Pepsinae and Ceropalinae, and the dorsal row
of teeth characteristic of many Pepsinae.
f, Apex of hind tibia of a member of the subfamily Psammocharinae, to show the uneven
length and splaying of its apical spinelike setae, characteristic of most members of this
subfamily.
INTRODUCTION 7
Figure 1.—(For explanation see opposite page.)
8 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Key to the subfamilies of Psammocharidae
1. Second sternite of female (and often of male) with a sharp transverse groove
(fig. 1,c); middle and hind femora never with one or several subapical spine-
like bristles set in grooves or pits; last segment of tarsi sometimes with a
pair of sublateral ventral rows of bristles, never with a distinct median
ventral row; subdiscoidal vein never with a definite downward deflection
at its base (thus the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is simple
and without a pocket); dorsal edge of hind tibia frequently with a series
of teeth (fig. 1,e); spinelike bristles at apex of hind tibia of rather uniform
length, not splayed (fig. le)... . . . . . «Pepsinae (p. 8)
Second sternite of both sexes wrth a aneen transverse groove, though
sometimes with a broad, weak, transverse impression; middle and hind
femora usually with one or several apical dorsal spinelike bristles set in
grooves or pits (fig. 1d)... .. sree) eons
2. Spinelike bristles at apex of hind tibia. thee long? fees in length and
spacing, and splayed (fig. 1,f); subdiscoidal vein of forewing usually deflected
downward at its base, thus forming a small pocket at the lower inner corner
of the third discoidal cell (P, fig. 1,2); middle and hind femora usually with
one or several spinelike subapical bristles set in grooves or pits (fig. 1,d);
preapical bristles on under side of last segment of tarsus, when present,
arranged chiefly or entirely in a median longitudinal row; female subgenital
plate without a median longitudinal keel or sharp fold; labrum often con-
cealed beneath the clypeus; dorsal edge of hind tibia rarely with a longi-
tudinal ridge or serration . . . . . . . . Psammocharinae !
Spinelike bristles at apex of hind bia paarter! of rather uniform length; sub-
discoidal vein of forewing never with a definite downward deflection at {ts
base (thus the lower inner corner of the third discoidal cell is simple and
without a pocket); middle and hind femora usually without, or with small
and inconspicuous spinelike bristles set in grooves or pits; preapical bristles
on under side of last segment of tarsus, when present, often not arranged in
a single median row; female subgenital plate with a longitudinal keel or
sharp fold, at least apically; labrum ee dorsal edge of hind tibia
BINGOUAE.. <) 2. pacecahe’ a . . . . .Ceropalinae (p. 220)
Subfamily PEPSINAE
The salient subfamily characters are listed in the key to sub-
families. The sharp transverse groove on the second sternite of all
females (fig. 1,c) and some males is the easiest recognition mark.
Some members of the other two subfamilies have a broad, weak,
transverse impression in this same position which should not be con-
fused with the sharp groove of the Pepsinae. The lower inner corner
of the third discoidal cell is without a pocket, the spinelike bristles at
the apex of the hind tibia are of rather uniform length and not splayed
(fig. 1,e), and the dorsal edge of the hind tibia is often serrate.
The first character will distinguish the Pepsinae from most of the
Psammocharinae, but not from the Ceropalinae. The second
1 The Psammocharinae are not treated further in this paper. The Nearctic species have been revised
by Evans and Bradley in the papers referred to on page 2.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 9
character is held in common with a few Psammocharinae as well as
with the Ceropalinae. The serrate dorsal edge of the hind tibia,
though a helpful recognition mark is not reliable as a subfamily
character, being absent in many groups and present in a few of the
Psammocharinae (e.g., Priochilus).
In addition to the key characters, it should be mentioned that the
thorax of the Pepsinae does not have the indefinable oblique and
streamlined shape so characteristic of the other two subfamilies.
There are two tribes, distinguishable as indicated in the key.
Key to the tribes of the subfamily Pepsinae
1. Cubital vein of forewing present and pigmented to the wing margin (except in
Priocnessus and in a few species of other genera); first tergite in dorsal view
with the sides straight or slightly convex, laterally with a crease which marks
off an epipleurite (fig. 1,c); parapenial lobe of male genitalia not decurved at
Ee apex FO LOM ROOK 2 ji. co ua) fe pee se rola) i, wee 3 my epsns.(p. 9)
Cubital vein of forewing evanescent at the tip, not reaching the wing margin;
first tergite in dorsal view with the sides usually somewhat concave toward
the base, laterally usually without a crease marking off an epipleurite
(in the Western Hemisphere, only Phanagenia has this crease); parapenial
lobe of male genitalia rather slender, decurved at the apex to form a
BRA eet tty eee. Stes Goats os. bey BeRomering. (p. 140)
Tribe Pepsini
Cubital vein of forewing usually reaching wing margin (pl. 1,
figs. 1-10); hind tibia usually with an external dorsal serration
(fig. 1,e); first abdominal tergite broad, not constricted subbasally,
so that when seen from above the sides are straight or weakly convex;
suture or fold separating epipleurum of first abdominal segment from
the tergite always present (fig. 1,c); last tergite of male seldom with
a dorsal whitish spot; parapenial lobe of male genitalia not decurved
apically to form a hook.
This tribe includes some of the largest and showiest species of the
family (especially in Pepsis and Hemipepsis), some of medium size,
and some of small size (as in Dipogon, Priocnemis, and Calicurgus).
Some of the genera are easily distinguished, but a large complex
including the Nearctic Chirodamus, Priocnemioides, and Cryptocheilus,
and a number of additional exotic genera (Cyphononyz, Monodontonyz,
Mygnimia, Paracyphonyx, etc.) presents a confusing array of species
with types intermediate to almost any generic limits that may be
selected. In this situation, there are the alternatives of including all
in one broad genus, embracing many groups of varying size and dis-
tinctness, or attempting a larger or smaller number of generic separa-
tions, some of which would be difficult to defend because of inter-
mediate species. I have chosen the latter course, because it is closer
to previously published classifications, results in little generic difficulty
10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
in the Nearctic fauna, and is more in line with the narrower generic
concepts used in the rest of the tribes. A study of a larger portion of
the world fauna, however, may show a need for some different
groupings.
Key to the Nearctic genera of Pepsini
1. Mandible with three teeth (including the apical point as a tooth); dorsal edge
of hind tibia smooth in both sexes; female with cardo of each maxilla giving
rise to a fascicle of long curved hairs. . ... . . . . Dipogon (p. 115)
Mandible with two teeth (a large apical point plus a smaller subapical internal
point; in a few species of Chirodamus from the Australian region there is a
more or less distinct third tooth); dorsal edge of hind tibia of female (and
often of male) with a serrate row of teeth (fig. 1, e); cardo of maxilla without
a fascicle of long hairs in either sex. . . . Ss athe eee
2. Second recurrent vein meeting the second eanieal cell ae Boone its apical 0.1
(pl. 1, fig. 3); empodium about 0.75 as wide as the subapical width of the
last tarsal segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 14 to 40
bristles; first discoidal cell occupied basally by a distinct subcircular irregu-
larity in the membrane (pl. 1, fig. 3); large or very large species.
Hemipepsis (p. 32)
Second recurrent vein meeting the second cubital cell at or basad of its apical
0.25; empodium about 0.5 as wide as the subapical width of the last tarsal
segment, its apical fringe of bristles containing about 8 to 10 bristles; first
discoidal cell not occupied basally by an irregularity in the membrane, or if
so the irregularity less distinct than in Hemipepsis . . . Br uel hia? vay. ete
3. Marginal cell separated apically from the costal margin of Anes eae! so that the
tip of the cell is rounded (pl. 1, fig. 2) ; second cubital cell receiving the second
recurrent vein before its basal 0.33; large or very large species.
Pepsis (p. 25)
Marginal cell apically adjacent to the costal margin of the wing, so that the tip
of the cell is pointed or subtruncate; second cubital cell receiving the second
recurrent vein beyond its basal0.4..... NC ee
4, Second intercybital vein quite straight (pl. 1, fig. 1); fee aaa aniane short and
stout, the second segment of flagellum in the Nearctic species 1.5 to 4.5 as
long as wide; clypeus (in the Nearctic species) wide, short, and rather flat;
brush on inner side of hind tibia broadly continuous to the apex.
Chirodamus (p. 11)
Second intercubital vein usually more or less curved (straight in Priocnemioides
and in some Cryptocheilus); legs and antenna longer and more slender, the
second segment of flagellum rarely less than 3.2 as long as wide; clypeus
longer and more convex; brush on inner side of hind tibia often with a sub-
apical constriction or Pateeriaare Cheats ¢ SUO RTGS
5. Cubital vein not quite reaching the wing margin ad ihe meereliee ending at
or distad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 4); elypeus
very, Jange = “cs. . . . . . Prioenessus (p. 40)
Cubital vein usually acne ene wing margin, or if not (e. g., some species of
Priocnemis), then the nervellus ending distinctly basad of the juncture of
cubitella with discoidella ... . eRe SOG
6. Under side of last tarsal segment with a fee eieuell rows ie peices second
intercubital vein straight orevenly curved . ... . cupenee! cheese!
Under side of last tarsal segment without any preapical pee or with a very
few that are not arranged in two regular longitudinal rows; second inter-
cubital vein rather straight anteriorly, but strongly curved posteriorly . . 8
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 11
7. Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa angled medially and at the
angle usually produced as a tooth; nervellus ending beyond, at, or just before
the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 5).
Priocnemioides (p. 49)
Carina on mesosternum in front of each middle coxa evenly curved; nervellus
ending distinctly before the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 6).
Cryptocheilus (p. 67)
8. Anal lobe elliptical, the apical half of its hind margin evenly curved (pl. 1, fig. 7) ;
fore tibia of female without a single, unusually stout bristle on its outer apical
corner; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length (pl. 1,
fig. 7); pronotum of normal length. . . .. . . . .Prioenemis (p. 80)
Anal lobe subtriangular, the apical half of its hind margin rather straight
(pl. 1, fig. 8); fore tibia of female with a single, very stout, blunt, spinelike
bristle at its outer apical corner; nervulus at the basal vein or beyond it by
less than 0.3 its length (pl. 1, fig. 8); pronotum quite short.
Calicurgus (p. 108)
Genus Chiredamus Haliday
Chirodamus Haliday, 1837, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 17, p. 326. Type:
Chirodamus kingiit Haliday; monobasic.
Calopompilus Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 188. Type: Pompilus
maculipennis Smith; original designation.
Dinocnemis Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 67, p. 336. Type: Pom-
pilus (Priocnemis) fortis Cresson; designated by Bradley, 1944.
Onochares Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 9. Type: (Onochares brazoria Banks)
= heiligbrodtii Cresson; original designation.
Trichocurgus Haupt, 1937, Zeitschr. Naturw. (Halle), vol. 91, pp. 127, 134.
Type: Pompilus monachus Smith; original designation.
Chrysocurgus Haupt, 1937, Zeitschr. Naturw. (Halle), vol. 91, pp. 127, 134
(new synonymy). Type: Sphex nitida Fabricius; original designation.
Derochilus Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: Pompilus
(Priocnemis) validus Cresson; original designation.
Reedimia Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 482. Type: Agenia
hirsutula Spinola; original designation.
Anacyphonyx Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 520 (new syn-
onymy). Type: Anacyphonyz fidelis Banks; original designation.
Medium or large-sized, stout species, the Nearctic species with the
forewing 6 to 18 mm. long; clypeus broad, short, and rather flat
(smaller and more convex in some exotic species); mandible in the
Nearctic species with two teeth, in some New Zealand species with
a more or less distinct third tooth; pronotum long, flat, its hind
margin arcuate; second intercubital vein quite straight, vertical or
oblique; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell just
beyond its middle; cubital vein reaching the wing margin; base of
first discoidal cell containing a moderately distinct subcircular ir-
regularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about
0.6 its length; nervellus ending somewhat before, at, or somewhat
beyond the juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about
0.5 to 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 1); hind tibia with a weak
or distinct dorsal serration in females, without a distinct serration
12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
in males; brush on inner side of hind tibia broad, without a distinct
subapical constriction; last segment of tarsi short, with or without
preapical spinelike bristles beneath, these when present arranged in
a short irregular pair of rows, often the basal bristles displaced toward,
or on the midline; tooth on tarsal claws variable.
The genus Chirodamus appears to be one of the most primitive of
the family, as evidenced by the lack of specialization in the venation
and leg bristles, and by the general scolioid habitus. Its distribution
is of the Marsupial type. The Nearctic species divide into two species
groups, which together form a genus amply distinct from others in
our region, but some of the species in the Neotropic and Australian
regions approach the more primitive members of Priocnemioides and
other genera of Pepsini, and in these areas a clear generic separation
is difficult.
The species show diversity of structural characters to a degree that
in other parts of the family has called for generic distinctions. One
can see by the extensive generic synonymy that some authors have
used these as generic characters in the present group also. While
recognizing that there are some well marked species groups in the
complex, I am not convinced that there should be more than one genus
used. This is another of the generic problems with which the family
is replete, but recent progress has demonstrated that much of the
haziness of generic limits is subjective and may be clarified with study.
It is hoped that Chirodamus will prove to be another such case. The
critical species are mostly in southern South America and in the
Australian region, areas in which North American collections are not
strong.
Besides the genotype species mentioned in the synonymy, the fol-
lowing extralimital species should be referred to Chirodamus. Crypto-
cheilus manni Banks 1928, Calopompilus fraternus Banks 1946, C. helas
Banks 1946, C. erebus Banks 1946, C. parvulus Banks 1946, Reedimia
infernalis Banks 1946, Anacyphonyr rosasi Banks 1946, and A.
metallica Banks 1946. These are all Neotropic species which have
not previously been referred to Chirodamus. I have studied their
types in Cambridge, Anacyphonyx metallica being represented there
only by the paratype.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Chirodamus
MALES
1. Anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; subgenital plate either ligulate
with a raised margin, or with a deep and broad apical semicircular emargi-
nation; outer claw of fore tarsus with a short erect tooth; pubescence of body
and head rather sparse, that on the abdominal tergites sparse enough so
that the tergites appear shiny. ALBOPILOSUS GROUP ........ 2
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI tS
Anal lobe about 0.75 as long as the submediella (pl. 1, fig. 1); subgenital
plate usually subcircular, evenly and strongly concave, its free margin
with a fringe of longer hairs; outer claw of fore tarsus with a long subappressed
tooth; pubescence of body and head dense, that on the abdominal tergites
dense enough that the tergites appear dull. PYRRHOMELAS GROUP. . . 3
. Subgenital plate broadly ligulate with the apex subtruncate; genitalia not
ordinarily visible beyond the sugenital plate; longer hairs of thorax
whitish 2, 1). . .. . . 1. albopilosus (Cresson)
Subgenital plate een phaped (ue fe a deep and broad apical semicir-
cular emargination) ; genitalia ordinarily visible beyond the subgenital plate
as a pair of divergent, hairy, fingerlike processes; longer hairs of thorax
Dlack shisha yw SAL iad, ot eat edhe tran js OL. sosehortisu( Cresson)
. Forewing mostly oedopee Bh Se saNS) cee Riese Le
Forewing black, or black with a shedian raee poe PRONE STIS SPAR MISC 0 1G
. Forewing with a subapical fuscous cloud in addition to the fuscous apical
margin; temple about 0.5 as long as the eye . . . . 3. deceptus (Banks)
Forewing without a subapical fuscous cloud; temple about 0.58 to 0.75 as
long astheeye.... a eel Owes eS
. Apical margin of fifth peers eal saa: pieth Btannite conspiciously
punctate; pleura and propodeum dull; basal infuscation of forewing restricted
to a distance beyond the edge of the tegula equal to about 1.5 the width of
the tecula =. 5 .... . 6. heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
Apical margin of fifth petnite pocorn emarginate; sixth sternite incon-
spicuously punctate, smooth; pleura and propodeum somewhat shining;
basal infuscation of forewing restricted to a distance beyond the edge of the
tegula equal to about 2.5 the width of the tegula . 4. pyrrhomelas (Walker)
. Tibiae and abdomen brownish red; propodeum with numerous coarse punctures
in addition to the dense fine punctures. . . . . . . 8. validus (Cresson)
Tibiae and abdomen black; propodeum with scattered medium-sized punctures
in addition to the dense ane punctures... . Sneed
. Hair on fifth sternite about 1.3 as long as the engi of the ptoenttee transverse
groove on second sternite foveolate; forewing with a median orange spot
Cpl. 2 figs BS)n6 css cle a . . 5. maculipennis (Smith)
Hair on fifth sternite about 0. 5 as iene as the leneen of the sternite; transverse
groove on second sternite not foveolate; forewing entirely black.
7. feroculis (Banks)
FEMALES
. Anal lobe about 0.55 as long as the submediella; head and body with
moderately dense pubescence, the pleura shiny, with their setiferous punctures
distinctly separated; teeth on outer side of hind tibia subobsolete.
ALBOPILOSUS GROUP. . . 2
Anal lobe about 0.75 as iene as fhe pabmerielia (pl. Ce ae D: head nad bade
with very dense pubescence, the pleura dull, with their setiferous punctures
contiguous; teeth on outer side of hind tibia distinct. PYRRHOMELAS
GROUP eee Se aOR
. Second flagellar eoEmene ‘about 2. 0a as ee as ae Soar inet ARens 6.5 to 10
mm. long, moderately infuscate; head and body a little less densely and more
coarsely punctate; dorsal face of pronotum a little shorter.
1. albopilosus (Cresson)
347756—537——_-2
14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Second flagellar segment about 2.4 as long as wide; forewing about 10 to 15
mm. long, strongly infuscate; head and body a little more densely and more
finely punctate; dorsal face of pronotum a little longer . 2. fortis (Cresson)
3. Forewing orange except at the base and apex. . . . nto iee.. 4
Forewing infuscate or black, or black with a median Beane apotm <Geaeiee <6
4. Temple about 0.4 as long as the eye; second flagellar segment about 4.4 as
long 7asswides a) aera .. . . . 8 deceptus (Banks)
Temple about 0.65 to 1.2 as pba as aie. eye; second era segment about
2.5 to 3.5 as long’as wide =)... 9: . lecitewicem oO
5. Propodeum above with coarse transverse ae coarse Sees on sternites
separated by about 4.0 their diameter; bases ba wings infuscate nearly to the
apex of the anal lobe (pl. 1, fig. 1). . . . . . . 4. pyrrhomelas (Walker)
Propodeum nearly or quite without wrinkles; coarse punctures on sternites
separated by about 1.7 their diameter; bases of wings infuscate only at the
extreme base. .. . ... . . 6. heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
6. Forewing with a large medica penaee spot (pl. 2, fig. 15); abdomen entirely
blacket.a 28. sir wo bee Seb eGbers! 46s sob maculipennis (Smith)
Forewing entirely blacks ae ay Bnd Mer Ne eae ne Re a ieee, see ee cents Bae
7. Third tergite entirely black. . .. . ... . . %. feroculis (Banks)
Third tergite mostly or entirely proach! oe . . . . 8. validus (Cresson)
ALBOPILOSUS GROUP
Head and body shiny, with well separated setiferous punctures and
with the clothing hairs not unusually dense and fine; anal lobe about
0.55 as long as the submediella; fifth tarsal segment without discal
bristles beneath; all tarsal claws of both sexes with a small erect
median tooth; teeth on outer side of hind tibia of female showing as
faint elevations at the bristle bases; male abdomen without a con-
striction between the first two tergites; male subgenital plate various,
but never spherically concave with a fimbriate margin.
The species included are the Nearctic albopilosus and fortis. The
New Zealand Pompilus monachus Smith, 1855, seems the nearest
relative of this species group.
1. Chirodamus albopilosus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) albopilosus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. vol. 1, p.
125, o&. Lectotype: &, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis fortella Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 401, [9]. Lectotype:
9, Great Falls, Va., June 12, N. Banks (Cambridge).
Pseudagenia najacra Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 48, p.
203, &. Type: o, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Matusz: Forewing 6 to 8 mm. long; subgenital plate broadly ligulate,
with the apex subtruncate and the lateral edges raised; genitalia not
ordinarily visible beyond the subgenital plate.
Black. Pubescence light gray, the longer hairs on the head and
scape blackish; wings subhyaline, the apical half of the forewing
lightly infuscate.
FrEMA.LeE: Forewing 6.5 to 10 mm. long; head and body with rela-
tively sparse and coarse punctures; second flagellar segment about
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI LS
2.0 as long as wide; dorsal face of pronotum about 0.3 as long as
wide.
Black. Pubescence blackish; forewing moderately infuscate, the
hind wing a little paler.
SPECIMENS (4507, 189): From Georgia (Neel Gap and Rabun
Bald); Maryland (Cabin John, Glen Echo, and Plummers Island);
New York (Ithaca); North Carolina (Canton, Hickory, Highlands,
Hot Springs, Mount Mitchell at 6,400 ft., Mount Pisgah at 4,600 ft.
and at 5,000 to 5,749 ft., and Raleigh); South Carolina (Columbia) ;
Virginia (Dead Run, Great Falls, Skyline Drive, and Stonyman); and
West Virginia.
Figure 2.—Localities for Chirodamus albopilosus.
Collection dates are from late in May to early in September and
seem to indicate two generations a season. Males begin to emerge
in early summer (May 22 at Neel Gap, Ga.; May 28 at Columbia,
S. C.; June 1 at Glen Echo, Va., and at Cabin John, Md., etce.), re-
main numerous through June, and appear to be uncommon in the
first third of July. From July 9 to 25 there are no records of males
captured, and males after July 25 presumably represent a second
generation, which disappears late in August. Females appear a little
later in the season than males and persist into early September.
Early and late records for females are June 5 at Rabun Bald, Ga.;
June 12 at Great Falls, Va.; Sept. 2 at 4,600 ft. on Mount Pisgah,
N. C.; and Sept. 5 at 5,000 to 6,711 ft. on Mount Mitchell, N. C.
The usual habitat seems to be rich moist woods.
This is a species of the Allegheny faunal area from New York to
Georgia. Adults occur from early to late summer.
2. Chirodamus foriis (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) fortis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p.
118, 9. Lectotype: 9, New York (Philadelphia).
16 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Pompilus (Agenia) nigropilosus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 124, @. Type: o, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Pseudagenia mariva Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 43, p.
202, #@. Type: o, Linville Falls, N. C. (Raleigh).
Mate: Forewing about 11 mm. long; subgenital plate crescent
shaped because of a broad deep semicircular emargination; genitalia
visible beyond the subgenital plate as a pair of divergent fingerlike
lobes that form a Y, both these lobes and the apical emargination of
the subgenital plate densely setose.
Black. Pubescence dark gray, the longer hairs blackish; wings
moderately infuscate, paler on the basal 0.4.
Figure 3.—Localities for Chirodamus fortis.
Frmaue: Forewing 10 to 15 mm. long; head and body with the
punctation finer and denser than in C. albopilosus; second flagellar
segment about 2.4 as long as wide; dorsal face of pronotum about
0.4 as long as wide.
Black. Pubescence black; wings heavily infuscate.
SPECIMENS (5<’, 319): From District of Columbia; Georgia (Neel
Gap and Rabun Bald); Maryland (Cabin John, Frostburg, Plummers
Island, and Takoma Park); New York; North Carolina (Asheville,
Boone, Cedar Mt., Grandfather Mt., Highlands, and Linville Falls) ;
South Carolina (Greenville County); Virginia (Arlington, Bucking-
ham County, Chain Bridge, Glencarlyn, Falls Church, and Nelson
County); and West Virginia.
Dates of collection are rather evenly distributed from May 29 to
Sept. 22. Mr. David Shappirio tells me that this species is found in
woods, often running over the dead leaves.
This species occurs in the Allegheny faunal area from Pennsylvania
to Georgia.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 17
PYRRHOMELAS GROUP
Head and body usually dull, with dense, small, adjacent setiferous
punctures and with the clothing hairs unusually dense and fine.
(Certain parts of the body in one or both sexes may be shiny.) Anal
lobe about 0.75 as long as the submediella; fifth tarsal segment of
female usually with discal bristles beneath; front tarsal claws of male
with a long declined tooth (the tooth is especially long on the outer
claw), the rest of the claws of both sexes with a short, more or less
erect tooth; teeth on outer side of hind tibia of female small, but sharp
and distinct; male abdomen with an evident constriction between the
first two tergites; male subgenital plate usually spherically concave,
hairy, with the marginal hairs longer to make a fimbriate border
(exception: C. deceptus).
The species included are the Nearctic deceptus, pyrrhomelas, maculi-
penms, heiligbrodtii, feroculis, and validus.
3. Chirodamus deceptus (Banks)
Priocnemis decepta Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 201, [9]. Type: 9,
Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 9 mm. long; temple 0.5 as long as the eye (about
0.6 as long as the eye in all other Nearctic species of the group except
Figure 4.—Localities for Chirodamus deceptus.
(’, healigbrodtiz) tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.6 as long as
the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts widely separated basally
but somewhat convergent apically; mesopleuron a little shining, with
dense fine punctures and scattered indistinct larger punctures; ab-
domen with a very weak constriction between the first and second
tergites; apical margin of fifth sternite weakly concave; subgenital
18 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
plate approximately flat, covered below with long, dense, oblique
hairs, its apex truncate.
Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; forewing with a fuscous cloud
in the second and third cubital and second discoidal cells. Otherwise
colored like the female.
Frema.e: Forewing 10.5 to 13 mm. long; temple 0.4 as long as the
eye (about 0.7 as long as the eye in all other Nearctic species of the
group except C. heiligbrodti); second flagellar segment 4.4 as long as
wide; propodeum with weak, coarse, transverse wrinkles; larger
punctures on sternites sparse and indistinct.
Black. Wings orange, their extreme bases and the apical margin
of forewing fuscous.
This species is atypical of the pyrrhomelas group and somewhat
transitional to the albopilosus group. An undescribed species from
Zacapt, Michoacan, México (Evans and Berkeley), is a connecting
link between deceptus and more typical species of the pyrrhomelas
group. The male and female of deceptus are associated on slender
evidence and future studies may prove the association incorrect.
SPecIMENS: o' “Birkmann Coll.’”’ (Cambridge). o, Florida (St.
Paul). 9, Bastrop County, Tex. (Townes). 9@ (type), Fedor, Lee
County, Tex., June 1910 (Cambridge). 9, no data (College Station,
Tex):
4. Chirodamus pyrrhomelas (Walker)
PLATE 1], FIGURE 1
Pompilus pyrrhomelas Walker, 1866, in Lord, The naturalist in Vancouver Island
and British Columbia, vol. 2, p. 841, 9. Type: 9, British Columbia
(London).
Cryptocheilus rugosus Banks, 1917. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 101, 9.
Lectotype: 9, Wawawai, Wash., ““9-8—08,’”’ W. M. Mann (Cambridge).
Cryptocheilus inaequalis Banks, 1917. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102,
3. Type: o, Camp Umatilla, Wash. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 12 to 17.5 mm. long; tooth on outer claw of fore-
tarsus about 0.35 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two
parts distinctly divergent; mesopleuron subshining, with close fine
punctures and with scattered larger punctures that are separated by
about 3.0 their diameter; abdomen rather strongly constricted between
the first and second tergites; apical margin of fifth sternite moderately
concave.
Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe. Otherwise colored like the
female.
Frmate: Forewing 14 to 22 mm. long; second flagellar segment
about 2.8 as long as wide; mesopleuron with the fine punctures ex-
tremely dense, a little denser than in the other Nearctic species of
the genus; coarser punctures of mesopleuron a little larger than in
the other Nearctic species of the genus; propodeum with coarse, ir-
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 19
regularly transverse wrinkles; larger punctures on sternites scattered,
separated by about 4.0 their diameter.
Black. Wings orange, the forewing with its basal 0.12+ and its
apical margin fuscous; hind wing with its basal 0.2+ and its apical
and hind margins fuscous. Specimens from the southern United
States and especially from México tend to have the wings more reddish
orange and the basal infuscation of the wings a little more extensive.
SPECIMENS (7167, 842): From Arizona (Carr Canyon at 7,500 ft.
in the Huachuca Mts., Flagstaff, General Springs at 6,200 to 7,200 ft.
in Coconino County, Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 ft., Reddington,
Rustlers Park at 9,000 ft. in the Chiricahua Mts., and Santa Rita
Mts. at 5,000 to 8,000 ft.); British Columbia (Keremeos, Okanagan,
Oliver, Robson, Salmon Arm, Summerland, and Vernon); California
Figure 5.—Localities for Chirodamus pyrrhomelas.
(Davis Creek in Modoc County, Gold Lake in Sierra County, Grove
Lake in Siskiyou County, Hallelujah Junction in Lassen County,
Meadow Valley at 3,500 to 4,000 ft. in Plumas County, Portola,
Quincy, and Weed); Idaho (Boise, Carey, Coeur d’Alene, Council,
Fraser, Kimberly, Lapwai, Lewiston, Moscow, and Sterling); Nevada
(Austin, Ferguson Springs, Humboldt River, Reno, and Virginia
City); New Mexico (Catron County at 7,000 ft.); Oregon (Blitzer
Valley, Boardman, Corvallis, Dallas, Grizzly Butte, Heppner, Ione,
Kings Valley, Klamath Lake, La Grande, Laidlaw, Milwaukie,
Monroe, Portland, and Roseburg); Utah (Beaver Canyon, Beaver
Range Mts. at 8,000 to 10,000 ft., Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Bountiful,
Farmington, Garden City, Laketown, Logan, Oak Creek Canyon,
Provo, Salt Lake, and Wildcat Valley in Beaver County); Washington
(Almota, Camp Umatilla, Clarkston, Lake McElroy, Olympia, Perry,
Pullman, Toppenish, Wawawai, and Yakima); and México (Cuer-
navaca, Paracho in Michoacin, and Real del Norte).
20 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Nearly all collection dates fall between July 1 and Sept. 16. Those
outside this range are: June 27 at Camp Umatilla, Wash.; June 30
at Flagstaff, Ariz.; Sept. 28 at Clarkston, Wash.; Sept. 29 at Summer-
land, British Columbia; Sept. 30 at Logan, Utah; Oct. 13 at Pullman,
Wash.; and Oct. 14 at Council, Idaho. One male was collected on
the flowers of Cleome serrulata.
This species occurs from British Columbia to México, but not in the
typical Rocky Mountain States of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Apparently it is commonest in the Canadian Zone and south of Oregon
is found only at higher altitudes. Adults are on the wing in the
last half of summer and in early fall.
5. Chirodamus maculipennis (Smith)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 15
Pompilus maculipennis Smith, 1855, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in
the British Museum, pt 3, p. 159, 9. Type: 9, North America (London).
Mate: Forewing 14 mm. long; tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus
about 0.45 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, subparallel with
it; mesopleuron subshining, with close fine punctures and larger
punctures separated by about 3.0 their diameter; abdomen with a
rather strong constriction between the first and second tergites;
Figure 6.—Localities for Chirodamus maculipennts.
transverse groove on second sternite foveolate (not foveolate in the
other Nearctic species of the genus); apical margin of fifth sternite
rather strongly concave, its hair about 1.3 as long as the length of the
sternite (the hair about 0.5 as long in the other Nearctic species of
the genus).
Black. Inner orbit without a yellowish stripe; wings black, the
forewing with an oval or subcircular orange spot centering below
the stigma and occupying 0.5 the width of the wing.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 21
Fema.e: Forewing 14 to 17 mm. long; second flagellar segment
about 2.5 as long as wide; propodeum with fine weak transverse
wrinkles; larger punctures on sternites very sparse, weak.
Black. Wings black, the forewing with an oval or subcircular
orange spot centering below the stigma and occupying about 0.7 the
wing width. A specimen from Barber County, Kans., has the spot in
the forewing enlarged and rather diffuse.
Specimens: 9, Wadley, Ala., H. H. Smith (Washington). 9,
Imboden, Ark., Byron C. Marshall (Washington). 9, Atlanta, Ga.,
July 9, 1929, P. W. Fattig (Washington). 9, Cornelia, Ga. (Ithaca).
9, Head River, Ga., July 18, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Townes). 9, Spring
Creek, Decatur County, Ga., July 17 to 23, 1911, J. C. Bradley
(Ithaca). 9, Stone Mt., Ga., June 25, 1930, P. W. Fattig
(Emory Univ.). 9, Barber County, Kans., July 12 (Manhattan).
9, Iuka, Miss., July 14, 19380, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 9, Ozark
Lake, Mo., Sept. 18, 1939, E. C. VanDyke (Berkeley). o&, Van
Buren, Ozark Mts., Mo., June 6, 1930, E. A. Pence (Ann Arbor).
9, Mo., June (Washington). 9, Raleigh, N. C., July 7, 1922, C. S.
Brimley (Raleigh). 9, Southern Pines, N. C., June 6, 1906, R.
Woglum (Raleigh). 9°, Bastrop County, Tex., April 28, 1935, J. E.
Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 92, College Station, Tex., Oct. 8,
1937, EK. B. Dubuisson (College Station, Tex.). 69, Fedor, Tex.,
May 12, 13, 21, 1905, May 1910, June 2, 1909, and Dec. 1909 (Cam-
bridge). 29, Lee County, Tex., May 26 and Oct. 1910 (Cambridge).
9, Oldenburg, Tex., Nov. 5, 1932, R. W. Strandtmann (Strandtmann).
9, Paris, Tex., May 10, 1904, C. T. Brues (Cambridge). 9, no data
(Cambridge).
This species occurs in the warmer portions of the Southeastern
States.
6. Chirodamus heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
Priocnemis heiligbrodtii Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 204, 2.
Type: 9, Texas (Washington).
Agenia belfragei Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 4, p. 205, @. Lecto-
type: o', Texas (Philadelphia).
Onochares brazoria Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p.9, 2. Type: 9, Fedor, Lee
County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing about 15 mm. long; temple about 0.7 as long as
the eye (about 0.6 as long as the eye in all other species except C.
deceptus) ; tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus about 0.6 as long as the
part of the claw beyond it, the two parts widely separated basally
but somewhat convergent apically; mesopleuron dull, with very dense
fine punctures and scattered indistinct larger punctures; abdomen with
a weak constriction between the first and second tergites; apical
margin of fifth sternite gently concave; sixth sternite with evident
punctures, especially laterally (practically impunctate in the other
22 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
species of the genus); subgenital plate not quite so concave as in
related species, its apex distinctly notched.
Black. Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; wings orange, their
extreme bases, their apical margins, and the hind margin of the hind
wing fuscous.
Frmaue: Forewing 9 to 18 mm. long; temple about 1.1 as long as
the eye (about 0.7 as long as the eye in all other species except C.
deceptus) ; second flagellar segment about 3.0 as long as wide; meso-
pleuron below with a median low round tubercle (this is absent or
indistinct in the other members of the genus); propodeum smooth or
sometimes laterally with fine weak transverse wrinkles; larger punc-
tures on sternites relatively close, many of them separated by only
about 1.7 their diameter.
Black. Wings orange, their extreme bases, their apical margins,
and the hind margin of the hind wing fuscous.
Ficure 7.—Localities for Chirodamus heiligbrodtit.
SPECIMENS: 9, Bastrop County, Tex., June 9, 1935, J. E. Gillaspy
(College Station, Tex.). 4, Bexar County, Tex., Nov. 16, 1930,
H. B. Parks (Parks and Townes). 9, Bexar County, Tex., 1931,
H. B. Parks (College Station, Tex.). 9, Cypress Mills, Tex. (Wash-
ington). 9, Fedor, Tex., May 1 (Cambridge). o, 9, Lee County,
Tex., Oct. and Oct. 1910 (Cambridge). 9, Longpoint, Tex. (Cam-
bridge). 9, Noack, Williamson County, Tex., May 29, 1944,
J. E Gillaspy (Townes). o, Shiloh, Tex., Oct. 8, 1935, J. E.
Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 9, Victoria, Tex., May 1905, A.
McLaughlin (Washington). 9, Victoria, Tex., Nov. 8, 1904, J. C.
Crawford (Washington). 9, Victoria, Tex., Dec. 19, 1910, J. D.
Mitchell (Washington). o, 39, Texas, Belfrage (Washington).
o', Texas (Cambridge). 9, June 24, 1931 (Parks). 9, no data
(Washington).
This species is restricted to Texas.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 293
Figure 8.—Localities for Chirodamus ferocults.
7. Chirodamus feroculis (Banks)
Pseudagenia feroculis Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 232, o.
Type: o', Coryell County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 10.5 to 14 mm. long; basal tooth of outer claw of
fore tarsus about 0.7 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the
two parts widely separated basally and strongly convergent apically;
mesopleuron subshining, with close fine punctures and with larger
punctures that are separated by about 3.0 their diameter, abdomen
with a rather weak constriction between the first and second tergites;
apical margin of fifth sternite gently concave.
Black. Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; wings black.
Fremaue: Forewing 12 to 16 mm. long; second flagellar segment
about 1.65 as long as wide; propodeum smooth; larger punctures on
sternites weak and very sparse.
Black. Wings black; second tergite brownish red except on its
apical margin; first tergite more or less distinctly brownish red except
basally and apically.
The female of this species is very similar to that of validus, appearing
only subspecifically distinct; however, the males of the two species,
if properly associated, are quite different in structure as well as in
color.
SPECIMENS: 9, Pennington Gap, Va. (Washington). 9, Stone
Creek, Lee County, Va. (Cambridge). 9, Virginia (Cambridge).
o, Bastrop County, Tex. (Townes). o, Brazos County, Tex.,
Apr. 16, 1938, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 407, College
Station, Tex., Apr. 29, 1937, May 2 and 9, 1937, R. W. Strandtmann
(Strandtmann and Townes). o’, Coryell County, Tex., May (Cam-
bridge). 9, Gunsight, Tex., Apr. 21, 1935 (Townes). 307, Willis,
24 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Tex., May 1903, Bridwell (Washington). 20, 49, Texas, Belfrage
(Washington).
This species is known from Virginia and Texas. Adults have been
collected in April and May.
8. Chirodamus validus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) validus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p.
116, 9. Type: 9, Georgia (Philadelphia).
Mate: Forewing 11.5 mm. long; tooth on outer claw of fore tarsus
about 0.7 as long as the part of the claw beyond it, the two parts
widely separated basally, convergent apically ; mesopleuron shining,
with rather close fine punctures and with distinct coarse punctures
that are separated by about 3.0 their diameter; propodeum with
numerous coarse punctures that are separated by about 1.0 their
diameter (these punctures weaker and sparser in the other species of
the genus); apical margin of fifth sternite gently concave.
Figure 9.—Localities for Chirodamus validus.
Black. Inner orbit with a yellowish stripe; wings black; tarsi,
tibiae, and apical 0.4+ of femora fulvous; wings black; abdomen
brownish red.
Fremate: Forewing about 13 mm. long; second flagellar segment
about 1.8 as long as wide; propodeum smooth; larger punctures on
sternites weak and very sparse.
Black. Wings black; abdomen brownish red, the apical margin of
the sclerites a little darker, or (in the type and in the South Carolina
specimen) much darker and the abdomen beyond the third segment
mostly blackish.
SpEecIMENS: o’', Mobile, Ala., Apr. 21, G. P. Engelhardt (Washing-
ton). 9, Gainesville, Fla., May 1921, G. P. Engelhardt (Washington).
9, Head River, Ga., July 24, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Cambridge). 9,
|
|
|
|
|
.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 25
Head River, Ga., Aug. 2, 1936, H. G. Forester (Townes). 29, Spring
Creek, Ga., May 18 to 21, 1916, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca and Cambridge).
9, Raleigh, N. C., June 5, 1923, T. B. Mitchell (Raleigh). 9, Raleigh,
N.C., July 12, 1935, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). 9, Wilkes County,
N. C., July 23, 1934, F. Perlmutter (Raleigh). 9, McClellanville, S.
C., May 14, 1944, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
This species has been collected from North Carolina to Florida.
Genus Pepsis Fabricius
Pepsis Fabricius, 1804, Systema piezatorum..., p. 207. Type: Pepsis
ruficornis Fabricius; designated by Ashmead, 1900.
Brethesia Schrottky, 1909, Anales Soc. Cient. Argentina, vol. 68, p. 248. Type:
Pepsis dimidiata Fabricius; original designation.
Gigantopepsis Lucas, 1919, Arch. Naturg., Abt. A, vol. 83 (5), pp. 10, 41. Type:
Pepsis giganiea Lucas; original designation.
Nannopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 82. Type: Pepsis
pruinosa Lucas; original designation.
Cirripepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p.82. Type: Pepsis plani-
frons Lucas; original designation.
Trichopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 82. Type: Pepsis
limbata Guérin; original designation.
Stenopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 82. Type: Pepsis
hymenaea Mocsdry; original designation.
Dinopepsis Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 83. Type: Pepsis
grossa Fabricius; original designation.
Deropepsis Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 336. Type: (Pepsis
frivaldszkyi “ Erichson”’) = frivaldszkyi Moesdry; original designation.
Large or very large species of average stoutness, the Nearctic
species with the forewing 13 to 48 mm. long; clypeus rather large,
often long; maxilla anthophilous; pronotum rather short, its hind
margin arcuate; apical end of marginal cell separated from costal
margin of wing, the cell rounded apically (the apex of this cell is
adjacent to the wing tip and pointed or subtruncate in the other
Nearctic Pepsinae); second intercubital vein moderately curved or
sinuate; second recurrent vein reaching the second cubital cell near its
basal 0.2; cubital vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal
cell containing a moderately distinct subcircular irregularity in the
membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.35 its length;
nervellus ending far beyond the juncture of cubitella with discoidella;
anal lobe about 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 2); hind tibia
with a strong dorsal serration; brush on inner side of hind tibia broad,
without a subapical constriction; last tarsal segment with two regular
rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws subbasal, pointed.
Pepsis is restricted to the Western Hemisphere, where it is repre-
sented by several hundred species in the Neotropics and fourteen
species in the southern parts of the United States. Many of these
fourteen are widely distributed south of our border and reach their
26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
northern limits in the extreme south of the United States. All are
large or very large species which provision their nests with mygalo-
morph spiders (‘‘tarantulas”’).
Dr. P. D. Hurd has recently published a monograph of the Nearctic
species of Pepsis. His keys, synonymy, and distributional conclu-
sions are given in a synoptic adapted fashion here for the sake of a
complete record of the Nearctic Pepsinae. For more information on
taxonomy, biology, and bibliography, or for clarification where the
treatment below proves inadequate, consult Hurd’s monograph (1952,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 98, pp. 261-334) or his earlier
revision of the California species (1948, Univ. California, Publ. Ent.,
vol. 8, pp. 123-150).
Keys to the Nearctic species of Pepsis
MALES
1. Antenna 12-segmented; subgenital plate in the form of an elongate trapezoid,
narrowing posteriorly, densely clothed with very lake erect, bristlelike
hairs. SUBSPECIES OF FORMOSA. .. . Fimiciatere acs i o-
Antenna 13-segmented; subgenital plate noe in “ihe form Be an Bloneata trape-
zoid, glabrous or with fine, short pubescence .. . Cadi ctanmee sa Ens
2. Wings mostly orange se. 2.3. - <a ie aemuees formusa Poemosd (Say)
Wings mostly blackish. .... . . . . 1b. formosa pattoni Banks
3. Fourth sternite and sometimes the “fifth with dense groups of bristles or hairs
forming brushes; subgenital plate more or less spatulate, without transverse,
longitudinal, or toothlike processes on its ventral surface. . . . te
Fourth and fifth sternites without dense groups of bristles or hairs; pubeenital
plate various, but always with transverse, ne ae or toothlike proc-
esses on its ventral surface. .. . 5. is) Renee. pemRe
4, Bristles on fourth sternite strongly Pofecete near Ones poe si dncoe Huge O
Bristles on fourth sternite not strongly reflexed near their apices .... 7
5. Antennal sensoria large, basal and apical on the segments, most frequently in
the form of opposing isosceles triangles or of a constricted band; wings
entirely blackish .... . .. . . 2. saphirus Palisot
Antennal sensoria small, paca @arely pica) on the segments, triangular or
hemielliptical, impressed, markedly differentiated from the surrounding
integument; wings mostly orange . . . 4 cays ciao
6. Fourth and fifth sternites each with dense pricslest or eure Gapcimm with at
least the apical segment and frequently several or all segments orange.
3. mildei Stal
Fourth sternite with dense bristles or hairs, the fifth sternite with a few scat-
tered hairs; flagellum entirely blackish . . 4. angustimarginata Viereck
7. Fourth sternite with a pair of obliquely arranged rows of backward directed
bristles, which when seen from below have a semicircular outline anteriorly,
fifth sternite nearly or quite glabrous. SUBSPECIES OF ELEGANS ... 8
Fourth and fifth sternites each with dense, erect bristles or hairs forming
brushes which in side view are longest anteriorly . . 5. azteca Cameron
8. Wings mostly orange, rarely blackish; flagellum black, brownish black, or
rarely orange; range—IKansas and central Texas to Arizona and northern
México... . . ... . 6a, elegans cerberus Lucas
Wings entirely pieek aceltant orange; erance!Omrolnine and Austroriparian
faunas. .......+.2..+. =... . 6b. elegans elegans Lepeletier
10.
11.
12.
13.
16.
ve
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 27
. Subgenital plate with a mediolongitudinal carina or a median basal carinate
process, its apical margin without a transverse carinate process . . . 10
Subgenital plate without a mediolongitudinal carina or a median basal carinate
process, its apical margin with a transverse carinate process .... 13
Subgenital plate strongly decurved 2.0.0. sus 208 30.) deatmeniehe TH
Subgenital plate flat or nearly fiat. . . . . SMa ceae. 2
Antennal sensoria small, hemielliptical, fornesdea Pace diieont from the
surrounding integument; wings mostly blackish . . . . 7. venusta Smith
Antennal sensoria broad, as longitudinal stripes; wings mostly orange.
8. marginata Palisot
Apical edge of subgenital plate deeply notched . . . . 9. arizonica Banks
Apical edge of subgenital plate semicircularly convex . . 10. aquila Lucas
Subgenital plate with an apical transverse carina and a low subapical trans-
verse carina which extends to either side of a subapical median tooth.
11. thisbe Lucas
Subgenital plate with apical and subapical transverse carinae but without a
median tooth. .... we < 24
. Subapical carina of ean eenieal late rage Shated teen vita of subgenital
plate, ending far from the lateral edges, strongly arcuate or angulate . 16
Subapical carina of subgenital plate extending nearly to the lateral edges, not
strongly arcuate or angulate. SUBSPECIES OF PALLIDOLIMBATA. .. 15
. Wings lemon yellow to yellowish brown; iridescent pubescence of head, body,
and legs with a greenish sheen.
12a. pallidolimbata pallidolimbata Lucas
Wings fiery red to reddish brown; iridescent pubescence of head, body, and legs
with a dark blue-green sheen . . . . 12b. pallidolimbata smithi Hurd
Subapical transverse carina of subgenital plate with a strong median angula-
tion; wings mostly blackish. . . . . ... . 13, mexicana Lucas
Subapival transverse carina of subgenital pets evenly arcuate; wings mostly
orange. SUBSPECIES OF CHRYSOTHEMIS .. . Si dee a ys
Width of subapical dark band on forewing eee ie ‘Hern the length
of the first plus the second flagellar segments.
14a. chrysothemis chrysothemis Lucas
Width of subapical dark band on forewing greater than the length of the first
plus the second flagellar segments . . . . 14b. chrysothemis lucasii Fox
FEMALES
. Front femur beneath with very long, bristlelike hairs. . ........ 2
Front femur beneath at most with a few short hairs. . . 4
. Middle and hind femora with very long, bristlelike hairs; narddie ped Hee
tibiae each with an anterolateral and a Re foneraadiaal groove
extending nearly its length . . .. . . .. . . 9. arizonica Banks
Middle and hind femora glabrous or nearlya so; middle and hind tibiae with-
out longitudinal grooves. SUBSPECIES OF FORMOSA .. . Sepa cate S
se Wangs mostly OFANGer. . \sectis es, 2% la formosa fenonn (Say)
Wings mostly blackish . . ... . . . . . Ib. formosa patteni Banks
. Spurs of middle tibia conspicuously curved near the apex. SUBSPECIES OF
ELEGANS... eh bie noth mss isto
Spurs of middle abe ene or renii sliginis curv eae Seo FO ee os 5,46
. Hind tibia dorsally with very long, apically curved bristles on its entire
length; wings mostly orange; flagellum black, brownish black, or rarely
Orangery <r 2 ; . . . 6a, elegans cerberus Lucas
Hind tibia doceailys mite “ae Tone apioally curved bristles on only its basal
third; wings entirely black; flagellum orange. 6b. elegans elegans Lepeletier
28
10.
ot
12.
13.
14.
U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
. First flagellar segment much pear than the interocular distance at the level
of the hind ocelli. . . . . stats . . 5. azteca Cameron
First flagellar segment equal to or “shorter than the interocular distance at
the level‘ofithe: hindi ocelliis sau.) A iio tae etree teed couture ero
. Wings mostly orange. . . Site y jae ve ace eh key Ee aa ee te segs ene LD
Wings mostly or entirely Seonenle ed se nasi? ta
. Apex of forewing entirely dark; ee carina not peat the hypostomal
GAaTINA’..4. . 9
Apex of forewing whitish hy anode or ‘at least much pale! than the subapical
dark band (when this is present) ; occipital carina eee the hypostomal
carina .°.. . esire : » Malis Phe
Posterolateral continaatien of iramayerse groove on eecoual Sieaniie lacking
or only faintly indicated; inner spur of hind tibia about as long as the outer
Bpuns:, 14024 ... . . 8. marginata Palisot
Posterolateral continuation of ‘transverse groove on second sternite present
and deeply incised; inner spur of hind tibia much yee than the outer
SpuUlieines ete LO
Flagellum with af least the tip oF the amie eeomeatn oaneee frequently
several or all of its segments orange ......... . 3. mildei Stal
Flagellum entirely blackish. . ... . Siteetes oe
Hind femur above with erect and peomminer bristlelike heite. these most
noticeable distally; apical dark band on forewing narrow, occupying less
than half of the distance from the wing tip to the third intercubital
Vein atts ... . 4 angustimarginata Viereck
Hind femur with ae poet a fs pea teeenl bristlelike hairs; apical dark band
on forewing broad, occupying at least half the distance from the wing tip
to the third intercubital vein. SUBSPECIES OF CHRYSOTHEMIS. ... 12
Wings bright fiery red. . . . . . 14a. chrysothemis chrysothemis Lucas
Wings brownish yellow to fulvous red . . . 14b. chrysothemis lucasii Fox
Mesopleural tubercle weak, scarcely evident; forewing with a well defined
subapical dark band which pales marginally to almost whitish hyaline.
11. thisbe Lucas
Mesopleural tubercle strong, elevated to form a blunt tooth; forewing with-
out or with only an indistinct subapical dark band. SUBSPECIES OF PAL-
LIDOLIMBATA ... . ance Gael eae Distances Sagi eee
Wings lemon yellow to yellowish prom
12a. pallidolimbata pallidcolimbata Lucas
Wings fiery red to reddish brown. . . . 12b. pallidolimbata smithi Hurd
. Flagellum blackish; apices of wings whitish hyaline . . 13. mexicana Lucas
Flagellum orange; wings entirely dark . . .... . . 2. saphirus Palisot
1. Pepsis formosa (Say)
There are two subspecies, with ranges as noted under each.
la. Pepsis formosa formosa (Say)
Pompilus formosus Say, 1823, Western Quarterly Reporter of Medical, Surgical,
and Natural Science, vol. 2, p. 76 (reference not seen; Leconte edition, vol.
1, pp. 91, 165), 9. Type: 9, Arkansas River within 100 miles of Rocky
Mts. (destroyed).
Pepsis nephele Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 739, 2. Type: 9,
Texas (Budapest).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 29
Pepsis pseudoformosa Cockerell, 1898, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 7,
p. 146, &@. Types: oc, Texas; Dallas, Tex., and mountainous region,
Durango, México (‘‘Mus. Berol.’’).
This subspecies ranges from northwestern México northward into
Kansas and westward into northeastern Arizona and southern Nevada.
It intergrades with the subspecies pattont in central and eastern
Arizona.
lb. Pepsis formosa pattoni Banks
Pepsis pattoni Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 181, @, 9.
Type: 9, Palmerlee, Ariz. (Cambridge).
This subspecies ranges from western México (including Baja
California) into southern California and southwestern Arizona.
2. Pepsis saphirus Palisot
Pepsis saphirus Palisot, 1806, Insects recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique,
. , p. 39; pl. 1, fig. 4, 9. Type: 9, “Saint Domingue” (location un-
known).
This species occurs in the West Indies and in southern Florida.
3. Pepsis mildei Stal
Pepsis mildei Stal, 1857, Ofvers. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 14, p. 64 [sex ?].
Type: California (? Stockholm).
Pepsis hesperiae Patton, 1894, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 3, p. 46, o.
Type: o, Poway, San Diego County, Calif. (location unknown).
Pepsis Boguei Fox, 1898, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, p. 146, o, 9.
Lectotype: 9, locality unknown (Philadelphia).
This species occurs in southwestern United States and in northern
México.
4. Pepsis angustimarginata Viereck
Pepsis angustimarginata Viereck, 1908, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 33, p. 398, 9.
Type: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, 20 miles southwest of Flagstaff, Ariz. (Law-
rence).
This species ranges from western Arkansas and western Texas to
Utah and southeastern California and northwestern México.
5. Pepsis azteca Cameron
Pepsis azteca Cameron, 1893, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, vol.
2, p. 215, 9. Type: 2, Atoyac, Vera Cruz, México (? London).
This species ranges from Panamé to south-central Texas.
6. Pepsis elegans Lepeletier
There are two subspecies, which together cover most of the Austral
Region of the United States and northern México.
347756—-57 8
30 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
6a. Pepsis elegans cerberus Lucas
Pepsis cerberus Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. vol. 39, p. 790, co. Lectotype:
o’, Texas (Budapest).
Pepsis inermis Fox, 1898, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, pp. 141, 146, 9.
Lectotype: 9, Texas (Philadelphia).
This subspecies ranges from Kansas and central Texas to Arizona
and northern México. It intergrades with the subspecies elegans in
east-central Texas.
6b. Pepsis elegans elegans Lepeletier
Pepsis elegans Lepeletier, 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres,
vol. 3, p. 489, &. Type: o, Pennsylvania (? Paris).
Pepsis dubitata Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. svol 1 pe i444 oa
Lectotype: 2, Georgia (Philadelphia).
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
7. Pepsis venusta Smith
Pepsis venusta Smith, 1855, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the
British Museum, vol. 3, p. 196, @. Type: o, Tabajos, Brazil (London).
This species occurs from Brazil to southern Arizona. The female
is unknown.
8. Pepsis marginata Palisot
Pepsis marginata Palisot, 1809, Insects recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique,. . . ,
p. 94, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, #, 9. Types: &, 9, “Saint Domingue” (location
unknown).
Pepsis heros Dahlbom, 1844, Hymenoptera Europaea ... , vol. 1, p. 122, 9.
Type: 9, Santo Domingo (?Lund).
This species occurs in the West Indies and southern Florida.
9. Pepsis arizonica Banks
Pepsis arizonica Banks, 1921. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 14, pp. 21-22, 23, &.
Type: o', Huachuca Mts. (Cambridge).
Pepsis hirsuta Salman, 1933, Pan-Pacifie Ent. vol. 9, p.9, 9. Type: 9, southern
Arizona (Cambridge).
This species occurs in north-central México, western Texas, southern
Arizona, and southeastern California.
10. Pepsis aquiia Lucas
Pepsis aquila Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 797, &@. Type: &,
México (Budapest).
This species occurs in north-central México and in southern Arizona
and New Mexico. The female is unknown.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI om
11. Pepsis thisbe Lucas
PLATE 1, FIGURE 2
Pepsis thisbe Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 744, o', 9. Types:
o, 9, Cuernavaca and mountainous region of Durango in México (‘‘Mus,
caes. Vindob.”’ and ‘‘Mus. Berol.’’).
Pepsis sayi Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, co (9 misdetermined).
Lectotype: o, San Emigdo Canyon, Kern County, Calif. (Cambridge).
Pepsis sherillae Hurd, 1948, Univ. California Pub. Ent., vol. 8, p. 146, @. Type:
o', 8 miles west of Needles, Calif. (Riverside).
This is a common species in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas.
12. Pepsis pallidolimbata Lucas
There are two subspecies, which together range through the south-
western United States and northern México.
12a. Pepsis pallidolimbata pallidolimbata Lucas
Pepsis pallidolimbata Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 745, 9?
Type: 9, northwest America (‘‘Mus. caes. Vindob.’’).
Pepsis bequaerti Salman, 1928, Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 5, p. 23, #@. Type: 3,
Valentine, Tex. (Cambridge).
This subspecies occurs in most of the Upper and Lower Sonoran
faunas. It is replaced in central California by the subspecies smithi.
12b. Pepsis pallidolimbata smithi Hurd
Pepsis pallidolimbata smithi Hurd, 1948. Univ. California Pub. Ent., vol. 8,
p. 142, o&, 9. Type: oc, Corral Hollow, Alameda County, Calif. (San
Francisco).
This subspecies occurs in the San Joaquin Valley of central Cali-
fornia and in the adjacent foothills.
13. Pepsis mexicana Lucas
Pepsis mexicana Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 36, p. 566, 7, 9. Types:
o', 9. México and Cuernavaca in México (‘‘Mus. caes. Vindob.” and ‘“‘Mus.
Berol.’’). :
This species occurs from southwestern Texas and southern Arizona,
New Mexico, and California southward to Colombia.
14. Pepsis chrysothemis Lucas
There are two subspecies, which together occur from Texas to the
Pacific Coast and in northern México.
32 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
14a. Pepsis chrysothemis chrysothemis Lucas
Pepsis chrysothemis Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 739, @. Types:
3", México and Texas (Mus. Berol.” and “Mus. caes. Vindob.”)
Pepsis cinnabarina Lucas, 1895, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 39, p. 804, ?. Types:
9 9, México and Coulterville, Calif. (Mus. Berol.”, “Mus. caes. Vindob.”,
and “Mus. Brem.’’).
This subspecies occurs from the Big Bend part of Texas to the
vicinity of San Francisco, and southward to northern México.
14b. Pepsis chrysothemis lucasii Fox
Pepsis Lucasii Fox, 1898, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, p. 145, 9. Type:
9, Texas (Philadelphia).
This subspecies occurs in the eastern half of Texas and in north-
eastern México.
Genus Hemipepsis Dahlbom
Hemipepsis Dahlbom, 1844, Hymenoptera Europaea, . . ., vol. 1, p. 123. Type:
Hemipepsis capensis Dahlbom; designated by Ashmead, 1900.
Pallosoma Lepeletier, 1845, Histoire naturelle des insects hyménoptéres, vol. 3,
p. 492. Type: Pallosoma barbara Lepeletier; designated by Ashmead, 1900.
Tetraodontonyx Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 187. Type: (Tetra-
odontonyx rufipes Ashmead) = heros Guérin; original designation.
Tetracryptocheilus Zavattari, 1907, Bol. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino,
vol. 22, No. 555, p. 4. Type: Cryptocheilus (Tetracryptocheilus) ascensi
Zavattari; original designation.
Tetracryptochilus Schulz, 1911, Zoologische Annalen, vol. 4, p. 112. Emendation.
Trichonyz Haupt, 1929, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines, vol. 17, p. 195. Type: Hemi-
pepsis unguicularis Kohl; original designation.
Pachynimia Haupt, 1929, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines, vol. 17, pp. 197, 202. Type:
Priocnemis tinctor Saussure; original designation.
Xenopepsis Arnold, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 14, pp. 291, 323, 367. Type:
Hemipepsis (Xenopepsis) commizta Arnold; original designation.
Moropepsis Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 69, pp. 6, 8. Type:
Hemipepsis (Moropepsis) croesus Banks; monobasic.
Hovagenia Banks, 1941, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 92, p. 343.
Type: Hovagenia saussuret Banks; original designation.
Large or very large species of average stoutness, the Nearctic species
with the forewing 11 to 27 mm. long; clypeus moderately large;
pronotum moderately long, its hind margin arcuate; second inter-
cubital vein somewhat curved; second recurrent vein reaching second
cubital cell near its apical 0.1; cubital vein reaching the wing margin;
base of first discoidal cell containing a conspicuous subcircular irregu-
larity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein by 0.2 to 0.4 its
length; nervellus ending beyond juncture of cubitella with discoidella;
anal lobe about 0.9 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 3); hind tibia
with « dorsal serration or rippled carina; brush on inner side of hind
tibia rather broad, without a subapical constriction; last tarsal segment
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 5
with two regular rows of bristles beneath; tarsal claws ordinarily with
two to four erect acute teeth beneath, the basal ones often difficult to
observe (the claws are reported as “‘bifid”’ in the Ethiopian Hemipepsis
commixta); empodium large, about 0.75 as wide as apical width of
last tarsal segment, with a regular apical fringe of about 14 to 40
setae (in all other Pepsinae the empodium is slender, about 0.5 as
wide as apical width of last tarsal segment, and with a sparser, less
regular fringe of about 8 setae).
This genus includes many large, strikingly colored species of the
Old World Tropics. In the New World it is replaced largely by the
genus Pepsis and is represented there by only a few species in Central
America and México, of which three reach the southwestern United
States. Some of the names indicated in the generic synonymy are
used for subgenera by Arnold (1932, p. 291) and by Banks (1934,
loc. cit.). I have not tried to test their conclusions on the use of
subgenera, and for the present refer all of our Nearctic species to a
Hemipepsis without subgeneric divisions.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Hemipepsis
MALES
1. Wings light brownish fuscous; flagellum orange apically, blackish basally.
3. mexicana (Cresson)
Wings mostly orange, fuscous at the base and apex; flagellum blackish. . .2
2. Nervellus beyond the cubitella by 0.2 to 0.35 the average width of the sub-
median cell; suberect hair on clypeus and face averaging about 0.6 as long
as the median length of theclypeus. .. . . . . 1. toussainti (Banks)
Nervellus beyond the cubitella by about 0.6 ee average width of the submedian
cell; suberect hair on clypeus and face averaging about 0.4 as long as the
median length of the clypeus. SUBSPECIES OF USTULATA ....... 3
3. Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.5 or more the length of the
anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.8 or more the
length of the anal lobe; forewing averaging about 20 mm. long.
2a. ustulata ustulata Dahlbom
Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to about 0.3 the length of the
anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to about 0.4 the
length of the anal lobe, the lobe itself usually mostly fuscous; forewing
averaging about 17 mm.long. ... .. .2b. ustulata ochroptera Stil.
FEMALES
1. Flagellum beyond first segment orange. . ......2.2+.4-+.2++-..2
Flagellum beyond first segment blackish. SUBSPECIES OF USTULATA. . . .3
2. Lateral ocellus separated from the eye by about 1.0 its diameter; clypeus with
a subapical row of about 4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are a few
shorter suberect hairs that are less than a third as long as the subapical row;
long suberect hairs of head and thorax sparse; dorsal longitudinal carina on
hind tibia with only a weak ripple to indicate rudimentary teeth.
3. mexicana (Cresson)
34 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Lateral ocellus separated from the eye by about 3.5 its diameter; clypeus with
a subapical row of about 4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are many
shorter suberect hairs which are more than half as long as the subapical row;
long suberect hairs of head and thorax abundant; dorsal longitudinal carina
onhind tibia subserrate. ....-++-+--+--. 1. toussainti (Banks)
3. Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.5 or more the length of the
anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.6 or more the
length of the anal lobe; forewing averaging about 23 mm. long.
2a. ustulata ustulata Dahlbom
Base of forewing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.4 or less the length of the
anal lobe; base of hind wing infuscate for a distance equal to 0.3 or less the
length of the anal lobe, the anal lobe itself mostly or entirely infuscate (pl.
1, fig. 3); forewing averaging about 21 mm. long.
2b. ustulata ochroptera Stal.
Figure 10.—Localities for Hemipepsis toussaintt.
1. Hemipepsis toussainti (Banks)
Mygnimia toussainti Banks, 1928, Studies on Cuban insects (Harvard Univ.
Press), vol. 1, p. 5, &@. Type: o, Port au Prince, Haiti (Cambridge).
Forewing 17 to 20 mm. long in the male, 23 to 27 mm. long in the
female; long suberect hair on basal part of male clypeus about 0.6
as long as the apical width of the clypeus; nervellus beyond the
cubitella by 0.2 to 0.35 the average width of the submediellan cell;
median ventral row of bristles on last segment of female tarsi restricted
to its basal 0.5 to 0.65. Otherwise structurally similar to H. ustulata.
Colored as in H. ustulata ustulata except that in the male the basal
and apical infuscation of the wings is a little broader and that in the
female the flagellum is orange, with the basal 0.4+ of its first segment
infuscate, the mesoscutum has only a very small amount of greenish
blue iridescence visible at some angles, and the apical part of the
forewing is a little less abruptly infuscate. The male flagellum is
sometimes tinged with orange beneath.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 35
SPECIMENS: 92, Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts. at 7,500 ft., Ariz.,
July 29, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Cave Creek, 9,800 ft.,
Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 1927, J. A. Kusche (Berkeley). 9, 20
miles west of Flagstaff, Ariz., Oct. 4, 1904 (Washington). 9, near
Grafton, N. Mex., 1863, J. B. Adams (Washington). 9%, Amecameca,
México, June 30, 1897, O. W. Barrett (Washington). o, Distrito
Federal, México, L. Conradi (Washington). oo’, near Mexico City,
July 1897, O. W. Barrett (Washington). 9, Tlalpam (near Mexico
City), México, July 2, 1942, W. F. Foshag (Washington). 9, 5 miles
east of Coyotes, Durango, México, Aug. 4, 1951, H. E. Evans (Berk-
eley and Evans). 2 9, west slope of Popocatépetl at 9,600 ft., México,
July 5, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans). oo’, 5 9, 5 miles west of Zacapu,
Michoacan, México, July 13, 1951, P. D. Hurd and H. E. Evans
(Berkeley and Evans). o (type), Port au Prince, Haiti, W. M. Mann
(Cambridge).
This species occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, México, and Haiti.
2. Hemipepsis ustulata Dahlbom
Forewing 11 to 25 mm. long in the male, 14 to 27 mm. long in the
female ;lateral ocellusseparated from the eye by about 3.5 its diameter;
head and thorax with numerous long suberect hairs, especially dense
in the male; clypeus of male with dense long suberect hair, that on
its basal part about 0.4 as long as the apical width of the clypeus;
clypeus of female with a subapical row of about 4 to 8 long suberect
hairs, above which are many shorter suberect hairs which are more
than haif as long as the subapical row; nervellus joining the mediella
beyond the cubitella by about 0.7 the average width of the sub-
mediellan cell; under side of last segment of female tarsi basally with
a median row of bristles that extends not more than 0.4 the length of
the segment, or the bristle row incomplete or absent; external longi-
tudinal carina of female hind tibia scalloped into a row of acute teeth.
Black, with black pubescence, hair, and bristles. Female meso-
scutum, when viewed from the front, with a little bluish iridescence;
wings orange, their apical margins and the hind margin of the hind
wing infuscate, their bases more or less infuscate according to the
subspecies.
This species is represented by two subspecies—ustulata, a wide-
spread form, and ochroptera restricted almost entirely to California.
2a. Hemipepsis ustulata ustulata Dahlbom
Hemipepsis ustulata Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 123,
9. Type: 9, ‘‘Mexico” (Lund).
Mygnimia cressoni Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 203, [@, 9]. Type:
o', Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 11.—Localities for Hemipepsis ustulata ustulata.
Forewing of male 15 to 25 mm. long, of female 17 to 27 mm. long.
Blackish color at wing bases conspicuous, extending on the wing bases
more than half the length of the anal lobe.
Banks proposed the name cressoni for this form because Dahlbom
described his ustulata from “México” and mentioned a bluish colora-
tion. The female of the present form does have some bluish irides-
cence, and it must be remembered that in 1842 much of what is now
in the southwestern United States belonged to México. Miss Louise
Russell has compared specimens from Texas with Dahlbom’s type for
me, and reports that they agree very well.
SPECIMENS (9807, 1129): From Arizona (Ajo, Alamo Canyon in
the Ajo Mts., Ash Creek at 3,200 ft. in the Graham Mts., Bowie,
Congress Junction, Cornville, Douglas, Flagstaff, Fort Grant, Ganado,
Grand Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Hualpal Mt., base of Humphrey’s
Peak at 9,500 ft., Maricopa Mts., Navajo County, Oak Creek Canyon
at 6,000 ft., Phoenix, Post Creek Canyon in the Pinaleno Mts.,
Sabino Canyon in the Santa Catalina Mts. at 4,000 ft., San Bernadino
Ranch in Cochise County at 3,750 ft., Springerville at 7,000 ft., Tucson,
and Williams) ; California (Compton, Los Angeles County, New York
Mts., and Santa Rosa Mts.) ; Colorado (Arboles) ; Kansas (Chautauqua
County, Clark County, Garden City, Grant County, Hamilton Coun-
ty, Manhattan, Marion County, Meade County, Morton County, and
Seward County); Oklahoma (Ardmore); New Mexico (El Rito, Jemez
Springs, Las Vegas Hot Springs, Luna at 7,300 ft., Magdalena Mts.,
and White Sands); Texas (Amarillo, Bastrop County, Brazos County,
Burnet, Calvert, Cisco, Chinati Mt., Chisos Mts., College Station,
Clarendon, Dallas, Dimmit County, Eastland County, El Paso,
Fedor, near Fort Davis, Friona, Glenn Springs in Brewster County,
Hunt County, Limpia Canyon in the Davis Mts. at 5,000 ft., Marfa,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI a7
Maxwell, McKinney, Paris, Shiloh, Stanton, Waco, Wichita Falls,
and Williamson County); Utah (Bear Valley, Bellevue, and Zion
Park); and México (Distrito Federal, La Laguna in the Sierra Laguna
of Baja California, Nuevo Laredo, Palos Colorados at 8,000 ft. in
Durango, San Bartola Dam in Baja California, Zacapt in Michoacan,
and Zimapin in Hidalgo).
Collection dates range from Apr. 1 at Douglas, Ariz., to Dec. 26
in Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mits., Ariz. Relatively few of the
collection dates fall after Oct. 5, and no males are on record after
Oct. 14. Flower records comprise Polytaenia nuttallii and Daucus
carota.
This is a conspicuous form in the southwestern United States
(except California) and adjacent México, occurring abundantly in the
Lower and Upper Sonoran faunal areas and commonly in the Transi-
tion. J have seen it in numbers in April in the Sonoran desert of
Arizona, where the males often perch in the tops of the highest palo
verde trees (Cercidium microphyllum) on the crests of the desert hills.
For remarks on intergrading with the subspecies ochroptera, see under
that form.
2b. Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera Stal
PuaTE 1, FIGURE 3
Hemipepsis ochroptera Stal, 1857, Ofvers. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 14,
p. 64. Type: California (lost).
Mygnimia hesperina Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102, 3, ?.
Type: 9, Stanford University, Calif. (Cambridge).
Forewing of male 11 to 23 mm. long, of female 14 to 27 mm. long.
Blackish color at wing bases not conspicuous, extending on the wing
bases less than half the length of the anal lobe, though the lobe itself
is largely or entirely infuscate.
Ficure 12.—Localities for Hemipepsis ustulata ochroptera.
38 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Stal’s description of his ochroptera is meager, but agrees with the
present form perfectly and there are no other species of the genus in
California. The possibility that he may have had a Cryptocheilus
instead of a Hemipepsis has been considered but seems remote in
view of the fact that the two other species of Hemipepsis that Stal
described at the same time (the Ethiopian iodoptera and ochropus)
are known to have been correctly placed.
Specimens (587, 662): From California (Antioch, Benicia, Ben-
ton Station in Modoc County, Berkeley, Brentwood, Byron, Camp
Baldy in Los Angeles County, Coalinga, Colton, Concord, Davis,
Escondido, Hastings Reserve in Monterey County, Humboldt County,
Jamesburg, Menlo Park, Middleton, Mill Valley, Morgan Hill,
Mountain View, Niles, Palm Desert in Riverside County, Redwood
City, San Diego County, San Joaquin Experimental Range in Madera
County, San Jose, San Rafael, Santa Paula, Sonoma County, Stan-
ford University, and Telsa); and Nevada (Buffalo Valley in Lander
County). Also, there are a few specimens somewhat intermediate
to the subspecies ustulata from Arizona (Pima County and Springer-
ville) and Nevada (Mesquite, Pyramid, and Reno).
Dates of collection are from Apr. 15 at Berkeley, Calif., to October
at Mountain View, Calif. Most of them fall in the summer months.
This subspecies appears to be common in the Upper and Lower
Sonoran faunas of middle and southern California. Specimens from
southern California (San Diego, etc.) are somewhat intermediate to
the subspecies ustulata, and additional more or less intermediate
forms are on hand from Nevada, Utah, and northern Arizona. The
Utah intermediates and most of those from northern Arizona are
recorded under ustulata ustulata, as they seem to fit best there.
3. Hemipepsis mexicana (Cresson)
Mygnimia mexicana Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1., p. 143, @.
Lectotype: 2, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Philadelphia).
Forewing 11.5 to 18 mm. long in the male, 17 to 22 mm. long in
the female; lateral ocellus separated from the eye by about 1.0 to
1.5 its diameter in the male, and by about 1.0 its diameter in the
female; head and thorax with suberect hairs, moderately dense in
the male and sparse in the female; clypeus of male with some suberect
hair of moderate length; clypeus of female with a subapical row of
4 to 8 long suberect hairs, above which are a few shorter suberect
hairs that are less than a third as long as the subapical row; nervellus
joining the mediella only slightly beyond (about 1 to 2 times the
width of the vein) the cubitella; under side of last segment of female
tarsi with a median basal row of about 2 or 3 bristles, these all basad
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 39
of the middle; external longitudinal carina of female hind tibia
subentire, with only a weak ripple to indicate rudimentary teeth.
Mate: Blackish brown. Pubescence and hairs brown; face yellow
or blackish brown with lateral yellow marks; clypeus yellow with a
brown median mark or blackish brown marked with yellow laterally;
labrum and part of mandible yellowish; antenna orange, but fuscous
above, the fuscous fading out at the apical 0.65 to leave the apical
part entirely orange; hind edge of pronotum with a yellowish stripe;
wings yellowish brown; front tibia and tarsus, more or less of the
front femur except basally, and often the middle tibia and tarsus
yellowish brown.
Frmate: Black. Pubescence and hairs dark brown; flagellum orange
except for a basal section of its first segment; wings orange, the
apical margin of the forewing a little infuscate.
Figure 13.—Locality for Hemipepsis mexicana.
SPECIMENS: 9, Phantom Lake, Davis Mts., Fort Davis Quad-
rangle, Tex., June 5, 1916, F. M. Gaige (Ann Arbor). 39, at light,
Cairo, Costa Rica, Apr. 21, 1944, P. K. Knight (Washington and
Lawrence). 49, San Carlos, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf (Wash-
ington). o, Zarzero, Costa Rica, Schild and Burgdorf (Washington).
9, Cayuga, Guatemala, Aug. 1915, W. Schaus (Washington). @,
San Pedro Sula, Honduras, W. M. Mann (Washington). @, Vera
Cruz, México, F. Mawcinitt (Washington). @ (type) Vera Cruz,
México (Philadelphia). 100%, Barro Colorado Island, Panama,
various dates from Apr. 15 to June 14, J. Zetek and S. W. Frost
(Washington). 39, Barro Colorado Island, Panamd, May 23 to 24
and Sept. 5, J. Zetek (Washington). 39, Cabima, Panama, May 21,
26, and 29, 1911, A. Busck (Washington). @, La Chorrera, Panama,
May 12, 1912, A. Busck (Washington).
40 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This species occurs from Panam& to the Big Bend country of
Texas. The collection of three females at light at Cairo, Costa Rica
is of interest, as it is another case of a species with enlarged ocelli
coming to lights at night.
Genus Priocnessus Banks
Priocnessus Banks, 1925. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, p. 337. Type: Salius
neotropicalis Cameron; designated by Pate, 1946.
Cressochilus Banks, 1941. Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: Pompilus
nuperus Cresson; original designation.
Amerocnemis Banks, 1945. Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 93. Type: Ameroc-
nemis bequaerti Banks; original designation.
Medium sized to moderately large species, of rather slender build,
the forewing in Nearctic species 6.5 to 17 mm. long; clypeus very
large, convex, in some males with a highly modified shape; pronotum
short, its hind margin arcuate; second intercubital vein somewhat
curved; second recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell at or just
beyond its middle; cubital vein fading out before reaching the wing
margin; base of first discoidal cell with a faint subcircular irregularity
in its membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by 0.3 to 1.2 its
length; nervellus ending at or beyond juncture of cubitella with
discoidella; anal lobe about 0.7 to 0.8 as long as submediella (pl. 1,
fig. 4); hind tibia with a strong dorsal serration; brush on inner side
of hind tibia of moderate width, without a subapical constriction;
last tarsal segment without or with a few preapical bristles beneath;
tooth on tarsal claw of female erect and acute, that on tarsal claw
of male usually more or less modified, sometimes in the form of a
subbasal lobe.
Priocnessus is a typical case of a Neotropic genus with intrusions
into the southern portions of the Nearctic region. No species are
known from the Eastern Hemisphere. The described Neotropic
species known to me are Pompilus (Priocnemis) cincticornis Cresson
1867, Salius (Priocnemis) neotropicalis Cameron 1891, Priocnemella
monticola Banks 1938, Priocnessus prominens Banks 1945, Ameroc-
nemis bequaertt Banks 1945, and Priophanes ornata Banks 1945. The
last species has not previously been referred to Priocnessus. The
genus is much larger in the Neotropics than this small number of
described species might indicate. There are six Nearctic species.
Key to the Nearctic species of Priocnessus
lead jand body srufous, or mostly, rufous... : 45> peel eee eee 2
Head and'body blacks.) oe ee 67S ahs ene, cee Tee te ene some 4
2. Forewing subhyaline, with three brown cross-bands (pl. 2, fig. 16).
4. apache (Banks)
Forewing uniformly dark brown é,7sjc;cdealk) olecclt A. GIB. Glos 3
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 4]
3. Female without preapical bristles on the under side of the fifth tarsal segment.
Mealeninknowny peternett ints eel ea) . . . & coloradensis (Banks)
Female with 3 to 10 Sepia bristles on the under side of the fifth tarsal seg-
ment. Male with numerous specializations which should permit easy distinc-
tion from those of P. coloradensis (see their description under the species).
6. nuperus (Cresson)
4. Wings orange. . Cease et er crite io tacineg Os (aaa aa new species
Wings subhyaline a ipeckieh Sgt ap blaine Tate
5. Flagellum black; male clypeus white or hostile niieee inner Aa of female not
tinged with orange... . . . .. . 1. nebulcsus (Dahlbom)
Flagellum orange; male flemeus blag inner orbit of female tinged with
OLAMEDs fos is < & ca ah eta so cd ye) cial wi .clbavint es, Gake@baet Oresson)
Ficure 14.—Localities for Priocnessus nebulosus.
1. Priocnessus nebulosus (Dahibom)
PLATE 1, FIGURE 4
Priocnemis nebulosus Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 96.
Type: ?, South Carolina (Lund).
Pompilus (Agenia) pulchrinus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 126. Lectotype: &, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis subconicus Rohwer, 1911, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, p. 556.
Type: 9, Lawrence, Kans. (Washington).
Priocnemis leibyt Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 48, p. 203
(new synonymy). Type: o', Edgecombe County, N. C. (Raleigh).
Mate: Forewing 6.5 to 9.5 mm. long; clypeus rather weakly convex,
its apical margin with a weak median tooth, its lateral margin with an
impressed flange that is widest apically; flagellar segments without
a longitudinal groove; middle and hind coxae not unusually enlarged;
hind trochanter without an apical tubercle; subgenital plate tongue-
shaped, its median longitudinal raised area a narrow ridge which is
42 U. S. NATIONAL: MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
evanescent apically and somewhat higher, broadened, and flat-topped
basally.
Black. Part of mandible, clypeus except for a median spot reaching
its apex, face except at the middle, lower lateral part of frons, narrow
hind orbit, front of front coxa, usually the knees narrowly, outside
of front tibia, tibial spurs, usually most of first three tarsal segments
except at their bases and apices, and most of seventh tergite, white;
tegula brown; wings hyaline, their apices infuscate, the forewing with
a more or less distinct, short postdiscal fascia centering just beyond
the apex of the stigma.
A distinetive color variant has the black of the femora and tibiae
replaced by fulvous, and often the black of the coxae (especially of
the front coxa) stained or replaced by fulvous. The type of Prioc-
nemis leibyt belongs to this variety. A female of corresponding color
has not yet been collected.{#Another color variation, this one forming
a geographic cline, involves the wing color. Male specimens from
Florida have the wings, especially the apical half of the forewing,
strongly infuscate. This Floridian tendency toward wing darkening
is present in a diminishing degree in Lower Austral localities increas-
ingly distant from Florida, being still evident in the Lower Austral
Zone of North Carolina.
Frmaue: Forewing 9.5 to 14 mm. long; bind tibia with its dorsal
teeth rather weak and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.55
as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi
without preapical bristles beneath.
Black. Flagellum black; front orbit usually with narrow fulvous
stain; wings blackish, the forewing with faintly darkened cross-bands
at the apex, just beyond the apex of the stigma, and along the basal
vein and nervulus; hind wing a little paler than the fore wing, darkened
apically.
Females from the Lower Austral Zone tend to have the wings a little
darker than females from the Upper Austral and Transition Zones.
SPECIMENS (5507, 849): From Alabama (Spring Hill); Connecticut
(Colebrook and East Hartford); District of Columbia; Florida
(Brevard County, Buena Vista, Citrus County, Larkins, Ocala,
Orange County, Orlando, St. Johns River, St. Nicholas, and Tarpon
Springs); Georgia (Alma and Atlanta); Iowa (Sioux City); Kansas
(Baldwin, Douglas County, Leavenworth County, Manhattan, Onaga,
and Randolph); Louisiana (Shreveport); Maryland (Cabin John,
Glen Echo, Mayo Beach, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park);
Massachusetts (Boston and South Natick); Michigan (Cheboygan and
Newaygo County); New Hampshire (Alton, Belknap County, and
Pelham); New Jersey (Chatsworth, Fort Lee, and Moorestown); New
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 43
York (Ithaca); North Carolina (Blowing Rock, Crabtree Meadows at
3,600 ft. in Yancey County, and Wallace); Ohio (Hocking County);
Ontario (Ottawa); Pennsylvania (Carlisle Junction, Highspire,
Moosic, Mount Holly Springs, Overbrook, Roxborough, Pike County,
and White Haven); South Carolina (Table Rock State Park); Texas
(Rusk); and Virginia (Arlington, Falls Church, Great Falls, Rosslyn,
Whiele, and Vienna).
The normal season of flight seems to be about July 1 to Sept. 10.
Unusually early and late dates of collection are: Mar. 20 at Tarpon
Springs, Fla.; Apr. 5 at Plummers Island, Md.; Apr. 6 at Ocala, Fla.;
May 12 at Rusk, Tex.; May 16 in Orange County, Fla.; June 4 in
Seminole County, Fla.; June 7 at Shreveport, La.; June 16 at Atlanta,
Ga.; June 17 at Wallace, N. C.; June 22 at Washington, D. C.; June 23
at Takoma Park, Md.; July 7 at Moorestown, N. J.; Sept. 2 at North
Fairhaven, N. Y.; Sept. 6 at East Hartford, Conn.; Sept. 9 at Blowing
Rock, N. C.; Sept. 10 at Table Rock State Park, S. C.; Sept. 12 at
Great Falls, Va.; Sept. 13 at Cabin John, Md.; Sept. 19 at Pelham,
N. H.; and Oct. 1 at Manhattan, Kans. Both sexes have been taken
at honeydew and there are three prey records—a female taken at
Washington, D. C., July 10, 1947, by Richard Boettcher, transporting
an immature Agelenopsis; a female taken at Overbrook, Pa., July 19,
1914, by G. M. Greene, transporting an Agelenopsis naevia; and a
female taken at Manhattan, Kans., Aug. 28, 1949, by H. E. Evans,
transporting a female Agelenopsis pennsylvanica.
The above records all apply to the typical color form. Males with
fulvous legs (variety leibyi) have been taken as follows: 207, Atlanta,
Ga., June 16 and 19, 1942, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ. and Washing-
ton). oo (type), Edgecombe County, N. C., June 24, 1924, C. S.
Brimley (Raleigh). 6, Raleigh, N. C., May 1, 1935 (State College,
Raleigh). <, Raleigh, N. C., June 16, 1927, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh).
o', Southern Pines, N.C., June 19, 1949, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
o', Wake County, N.C., July 1, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
5c’, Wallace, N. C., June 17, 1949, H. Townes (Townes and Dreis-
bach). 07, Columbia, 8. C., May 25, 1951, G. F. Townes (G. Townes).
o', Morris, Tex., May 22, 1937 (Krombein). It should be noted that
all of these males were collected earlier in the season than is normal for
the typical form. With the five males from Wallace, N. C., three
males of the typical form were collected on the same day and in the
same habitat.
This species occurs in Ontario and in most of the eastern half of the
United States. The normal flight range is about July 1 to Sept. 10,
but it is on the wing commonly in May, and in Florida in April.
44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
2. Priocnessus dakota (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) dakota Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 124,
o'. Type: o, “Dakota” (Philadelphia).
Pompilus (Agenia) dakota pallidicornis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
vol. 1, p. 124, @ (preoccupied; new synonymy). Type: o, West Virginia
(Philadelphia).
Priocnemis (Priocnessus) kiowa Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 12. Type: 9,
Wathena, Kans. (Cambridge).
Figure 15.—Localities for Priocnessus dakota.
Mate: Forewing 9.5 to 13 mm. long. Structure as described for
the male of P. nebulosus.
Black. Clypeus, mandibles, and hind orbits faintly tinged with
fulvous; front orbits and flagellum orange, the basal one or two and
apical three or four segments partly infuscate; wings blackish.
Femaue: Forewing 12 to 15.5 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal
teeth moderately strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about
0.6 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi
without preapical bristles beneath.
Black. Flagellum orange, somewhat infuscate at the base and
apex; wings black.
SPECIMENS: 29, Lyme, Conn., July 8, and 22, 1918, W.S. Fisher
(Washington). o (type of dakota), Dakota (Philadelphia). 267,
Atlanta, Ga., June 29 and July 6, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Emory Univ.
and Cambridge). o', Head River, Ga., July 17, 1936, P. W. Fattig
(Cambridge). o, Sittons Gulch, Ga., July 24, 1936, P. W. Fattig
(Emory Univ.). 9, Cheyenne County, Kans., F. X. Williams
(Lawrence). @ (type of kiowa), Wathena, Kans., July 22, 1908,
W. M. Mann (Washington). o, 9, Cape May, N. J., July 8 and 9,
1937, W. Stone (Ithaca). ©, Moorestown, N. J., June 30, 19389,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI A5
H. and M. Townes (Townes). * o, Cruso, N. C., June 27, 1934
(State College, Raleigh). 9, Mount Holly Springs, Pa., July 7, 1918,
R. M. Fouts (Washington). o (type of pallidicornis), W. Va.
(Philadelphia). 2, FallsiChurch, Va., June 28 and July 4, N.
Banks (Cambridge). 9%, on Lariodendron honeydew, Falls Church,
Va., July 17, N. Banks (Cambridge). 29, Nelson County, Va.,
July 5, 1925, and Aug. 14, 1924, W. Robinson (Washington).
This species occurs over most of the eastern half of the United
States but is uncommon. Adults have been taken from June 27 to
Aug. 14.
3. Priocnessus coloradensis (Banks)
Cryptocheilus coloradensis Banks, 1910. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18,
p. 121, 9. Type: 2, Clear Creek, Colo. (Cambridge).
Matz: Unknown.
Frmaue: Forewing 13.5 to 14.5 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal
row of teeth strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row short, only
about 0.5 as long as the distance between their sockets; last segment
of tarsi without preapical bristles beneath.
Ficure 16.—Localities for Priocnessus coloradensts.
Rufous. Usually the ocellar area and a line connecting the ocellar
area with the eye, upper side of apical four flagellar segments, under side
of thorax, various areas along the thoracic sutures and surrounding
the scutellum, often the transverse groove of the pronotum, base and
apex of propodeum, a complete or incomplete median longitudinal
stripe on propodeum, fore coxa behind, middle and hind coxae basally,
inwardly and ventrally, part of trochanters, apical one or two segments
of tarsi, and base of first abdominal segment, blackish; wings uni-
formly dark brown.
347756—57——-4
46 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Specimens: 9, Bear Creek, Colo., September (Washington). 9,
Boulder, Colo., Aug. 7, 1906, W. P. Cockerell (Washington). 9
(type), Clear Creek, Colo., Oslar (Cambridge). 9, Kerrville, Tex.,
June 2, 1906, F. C. Pratt (Washington). 9, Lee County, Tex., June
(Cambridge).
4. Priocnessus apache (Banks)
(PLATE 2, FIGURE 16
Priocnemis (Priocnessus) apache Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p.11, 9. Type:
Q, Apache Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts. at 5,500 ft., Ariz. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 11 to 13 mm. long. Structure as described for
the male of P. nebulosus.
Light rufous. A spot in front of front ocellus, upper side of flagel-
lum, thorax near bases of wings and of coxae, and base of abdomen,
Figure 17.—Localities for Priocnessus apache.
fuscous, the extent of the fuscous quite different in the two specimens
at hand; coxae sometimes blackish basally; middle and hind tarsi fus-
cous apically; wings lightly suffused with yellowish brown, the hind
wing a little less so than the forewing; forewing with three transverse
brown bands, one across the apex, one centering just beyond the apex
of the stigma, and one along the basal vein and nervulus; hind wing
tinged with brown apically; seventh tergite with a large whitish spot.
The male from Texas has the fuscous markings much more extensive
than the male from Arizona.
Frmaue: Forewing 11 to 15 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal
teeth strong and the bristles in its dorsolateral row about 0.65 as long
as the distance between their sockets; last segment of tarsi without
preapical bristles beneath.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 47
Light rufous. Flagellum somewhat infuscate apically; bases of
coxae and thorax near the coxal and hind wing articulations, and base
of first tergite more or less infuscate; wings strongly suffused with
yellowish brown, the forewing with three transverse brown bands as
described for the male, the hind wing brownish apically.
SPECIMENS: 9, Baboquivari Mts., Ariz., Aug. 15, 1924, O. C. Poling
(Berkeley). 9, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., Sept. 1 and
2, 1927, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 2 (type), Santa Catalina Mts.,
5,500 ft., Apache County, Ariz., July 25, 1917 (Cambridge). 0,
Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Lawrence). 9, southern Arizona (Cam-
bridge). o, Devils River, Tex., May 5, 1907, E. A. Schwartz
(Washington).
This species occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna.
5. Priocnessus nigricans, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fremate: Forewing 15 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal teeth
rather strong, its laterodorsal row of bristles long, about 0.9 as long
as the distance between their sockets; under side of fifth tarsal segment
with about two preapical bristles.
Ficure 18.—Localities for Priocnessus nigricans.
Black. Flagellum orange, somewhat infuscate apically and on the
basal part of the first segment; wings orange, infuscate basally to the
level of the apex of the anal lobe; apical margin of forewing vaguely
dusky.
Type: 9, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., July 19, 1938, D. W. Craik
(Lawrence).
Paratype: 9, Tex Canyon, 5,000 to 6,000 ft., Chiricahua Mts.,
Ariz., Sept. 16, 1927, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco).
48 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
6. Priocnessus nuperus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) nuperus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 118, 9. Lectotype: ?, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Matz: Forewing 9.5 to 13 mm. long; clypeus very large, apically
strongly raised upward and outward, its apical margin with a median
apical tooth; posterior side of median flagellar seements with a longi-
tudinal groove, within which is a longitudinal row of enlarged special-
ized setae; middle and hind coxae unusually large; hind trochanter
beneath with an apical tubercle like a blunt spine; subgenital plate
tongue-shaped, its median longitudinal ridge high, broad, flat-topped,
abruptly evanescent beyond the apical 0.75 of the subgenital plate.
Figure 19.—Localities for Priocnessus nuperus.
Rufous. Most of mandible, lateral third of clypeus, face, lower
corners of frons, broad hind orbits, knees, tibiae, and first to fourth
tarsal segments, orange or bright fulvous; flagellum brown, orange on
the central third and on the underside of the basal third; ocellar area,
a small mark above the antennal socket, under side of thorax, region
of plural sutures, back side of front and middle coxae, most of hind
coxa, upper side of middle and hind trochanters, and base of first
tergite, blackish, the extent of the blackish markings variable; wings
uniformly dark brown.
Frma.e: Forewing 13 to 17 mm. long; hind tibia with its dorsal
teeth very strong and erect, and the bristles in its dorsolateral row
long, about 0.8 as long as the distance between their sockets; last seg-
ment of tarsi with about 3 to 8 preapical bristles beneath.
Rufous. Flagellum with the second, third, and adjacent ends of the
first and fourth segments yellowish; flagellum beyond the basal 0.3
of fourth segment blackish; ocellar area, much of back side of head,
thorax except for top of pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, postscu-
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 49
tellum, and often area on mesopleuron and propodeum, most of
coxae, and base of first abdominal segment, black; tegula rufous;
wings dark brown.
The species nuperus belongs to a species group separate from the
Nearctic nebulosus, dakota, coloradensis, and apache, as evidenced by
the specialized male clypeus, flagellum, coxae, and subgenital plate
and in the female by possession of preapical bristles on the fifth tarsal
segment. The Nearctic nigricans belongs probably in the nuperus
species group but without its male this cannot be concluded with
certainty.
SPECIMENS (20 o’, 219): From District of Columbia; Georgia (At-
lanta); Kansas (Riley County); Maryland (Glen Echo and Takoma
Park); New Jersey (Gloucester County, Moorestown, and Riverton) ;
New York (Farmingdale); North Carolina (Hamrick); Pennsylvania
(Germantown, Ogontz School, and Philadelphia); Texas (Brownsville
and Lee County); and Virginia (Arlington, Black Pond in Fairfax
County, Dunn Loring, and Great Falls).
Dates of collection are mostly from July 2 to Sept. 5. Those
outside of this range are: Jan. 20 and Mar. 23 at Brownsville, Tex.;
Oct. 18 in Riley County, Kans.; and October in Lee County, Tex.
The usual habitat is along the edges of mesophytic deciduous woods
bordering on overgrown fields. There is one record of a female taken
at Liriodendron honeydew.
This species occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunal
areas. Except in Texas and Kansas, adults have been taken only
from July to September, with a few stragglers into October.
Genus Priecnemioides Radoszkowski
Priocnemioides Radoszkowski, 1888, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, new ser., vol.
2, p. 482. Type: Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis Cresson; designated by
Banks, 1944,
Prionocnemoides Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum ... . , fase. 8,
p. 211 (emendation).
Priocnemoides (!) Ashmead, 1900, Canadian Ent., vol. 32, p. 187 (misspelling).
Cheilotus Bradley, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 18, p. 124, 1946 (new
synonymy). Type: Pompilus ignipennis Cresson.
Medium or large sized species of average stoutness, the Nearctic
species with forewing 9 to 26 mm. long; clypeus rather large, convex;
pronotum of moderate length, its hind margin arcuate; carina on
mesosternum in front of each middle coxa distinctly angulate medially,
at the angulation usually produced into a distinct tooth (In all other
Nearctic Pepsini this carina is evenly curved and without a toothlike
projection.); second intercubital vein straight, oblique; second re-
current vein joining the second cubital cell near its apical 0.75; cubital
50 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
vein reaching the wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without a
distinct irregularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein
by about 0.2 to 0.7 its length; nervellus ending at, beyond, or some-
times just before juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about
0.75 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 5); dorsal edge of hind tibia of
female with a distinct serration, of male usually with a weaker
serration, or sometimes smooth; brush on inner side of hind tibia
rather narrow, with a subapical constriction or interruption; under
side of hind tarsus of male with a close fringe of hairs extending from
its base to beyond the middle (This fringe is absent in all other
Nearctic Pepsinae except Cryptocheilus.) ; last tarsal segment with two
regular rows of bristles beneath; tooth on tarsal claws erect, acute.
This genus is restricted to the Western Hemisphere. It is closely
related to Cryptocheilus. Three species groups, of which two are
Nearctic, are known to me. See the keys and descriptions for their
characters.
Key to the Nearctic species of Priocnemioides
1. Brush on inner side of hind tibia not interrupted, only narrowed subapically;
nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa weak; second sternite
of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike eMart but without
tubercles. MAGNUS GROUP... . poms fe our
Brush on inner side of hind tibia intermipted ebapientie? or in some females
not quite interrupted but very strongly narrowed subapically; nipples on
posterior part of apical margin of fore coxa well developed; second sternite
of female with a pair of more or less distinct tubercles surmounting a pair
of more or less distinct swellings. FULVICORNIS GROUP. ....... 7
2. Flagellum orange; wings black. ....... .. 3. magnus (Cresson)
Flagellum black; wings orange to black. ... . 5 ae RES
3. Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron without ‘aay i rinlsleae Shavit tibia
of male with a dorsal row of distinct oblique teeth; hind Aer of female
with the teeth in its dorsal row rather wide, about as wide as the length
of the bristles beyond each tooth. SUBSPECIES OF TEXANUS..... 4
Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with at least a few transverse
wrinkles; hind tibia of male with a dorsal longitudinal ridge on which teeth
are faintly indicated; hind tibia of female with the teeth in its dorsal row
narrow, about 0.75 as wide as the bristle beyond each tooth. . ... 5
4, Wings almost entirely blackish . . 4a, texanus atripennis, new subspecies
cae mostly orange .. . ... . . 4b. texanus texanus (Cresson)
Temple receding behind the ae so that the head is distinctly narrower across
the temples than across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of meta-
pleuron usually completely covered with wrinkles; head and thorax with
a rather strong, usually greenish blue iridescence, especially in the female;
erect hairs on thorax very long and dense. . . . 1. aratus, new species
Temple not receding behind the eye, the head about as wide across the tem-
ples as across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron usually
only partially covered with wrinkles; head and thorax with a faint purple
iridescence; erect hairs on thorax shorter and sparser. SUBSPECIES OF
NIU STIR TIN US scat areca emcees ciate use be adc e's 1s sanns sae ae ek ea pO
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI ok
6. Wings black or mostly black . . . 2a. austrinus fuscatus, new subspecies
Wings mostly orange. . ..... . . 2b. austrinus austrinus (Banks)
7. Forewing entirely black... . . ... . . 5. fulvicornis (Cresson)
Forewing mostly orange, or black w an a large subapical orange spot (fore-
wing entirely black in a Neotropic subspecies of wnifasciatus) . . . . . 8
8. Temple receding behind the eye, so that the head as seen from above is dis-
tinetly narrower across the temples than across the eyes; male subgenital
plate with a weak longitudinal elevation that tapers from the base; fore-
wing orange with a relatively broad fuscous apex that reaches or just
invades the apex of the radial cell (pl. 2, fig. 17) .. 6. angusticeps, new species
Temple not receding but slightly swollen behind the eye so that as seen from
above the head across the temples is as wide as or slightly wider than across
the eyes; male subgenital plate with a longitudinal raised spatulate area;
forewing in the Nearctic subspecies either blackish with a subapical orange
spot or mostly orange with a relatively narrow fuscous apex, the fuscous
area not reaching the apex of the radial cell. SUBSPECIES OF UNIFASCIATUS..9
9. Wings black, the forewing with a large subapical orange spot (pl. 2, fig. 18);
male seventh sternite with the raised spatulate area a little less sharply
defined rps 4) f.t)s ... . . Va, unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say)
Wings orange, anneente ieee and apically; male seventh sternite with the
raised spatulate area a little more sharply defined ..... . 10
10. Basal infuseation of forewing extending about 0.35 the distance i the basal
WET is ae ... . . Vb. unifasciatus cressoni (Banks)
Basal jesuseataen Bs frowns extending about 0.25 the distance to the basal
vein (pl. 2, fig. 19) . . . . Ve. unifasciatus califormicus, new subspecies
MAGNUS GROUP
Mesosternum with a weak triangular projection on the ridge in front
of each middle coxa; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore
coxa very weak; brush on inner side of hind tibia not interrupted
subapically in either sex, slightly to strongly narrowed subapically;
second sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike swell-
ings but without tubercles; sixth sternite of male gently concave, with
stiff erect hairs on each side; subgenital plate of male gently concave,
mediobasally with a faint longitudinal raised area, its apex broadly
rounded, and its apical and lateral margins with sparse long, and
dense short upright hairs.
This species group includes the Nearctic magnus, araius, austrinus,
and texanus. With its weak tubercles on the fore coxa and weakly
modified second sternite of the female it is a connecting link with the
genus Cryptocheilus. The species aratus is somewhat intermediate to
the fulvicornis group.
1. Priocnemioides aratus, new species
Forewing of male 19 to 20 mm. long, of female 20 to 26 mm. long;
clypeus of male about 2.1 as wide as long, of female about 2.4 as wide
as long; temple receding from just behind the eye, so that the head
as seen from above is distinctly narrower across the temples than
52 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 20.—Localities for Priocnemioides aratus.
across the eyes; propodeum and upper part of metapleuron with sharp
transverse wrinkles, the wrinkles sharpest in the female; erect hairs on
head and thorax longer and more conspicuous than in the other species
of the magnus group; nipples on posterior part of apical margin of fore
coxa a little stronger than in the other species of the magnus group;
legs more slender and with longer bristles than in other species of the
magnus group, the hind femur about 5.4 as long as wide; hind tibia of
male subcarinate dorsally, without distinct teeth; hind tibia of female
with a dorsal row of strong, rather narrow teeth that are about 0.8 as
wide as the length of the bristles beneath each; sixth sternite of male
basally and laterally with long erect black hairs, discally with sparser,
shorter, less conspicuous erect hairs; subgenital plate of male with
marginal irregular long hairs, discally with moderately long hairs
which in this species are mostly reflexed.
Black. Wings orange, their apices and extreme bases rather
abruptly infuscate; head and thorax with an iridescence that is
usually greenish blue, especially strong in the female.
Type: 9, Douglas, Ariz., Oct. 5, 1927, W. W. Jones (Berkeley).
Paratypes: 150, 19 9 from Arizona (Apache, Douglas, 10 miles
east of Sonoita, and Tucson); Idaho (Pocatello); Kansas (Finney
County and Meade County); New Mexico (Tucumcari); Texas
(Alpine, The Basin at 5,000 ft. in the Chisos Mts. of Big Bend Na-
tional Park, Fort Davis, Fort Stockton, Limpia Canyon at 5,000 ft.
in the Davis Mts., Marathon, and Marfa); Utah (Logan, Provo, and
Salt Lake County); and Mexico (Canutillo in Durango).
Most dates of collection are from July to September. The extreme
range is from May 30 (in Salt Lake County, Utah) to Oct. 5 (at
Douglas, Ariz.).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 53
This species occurs in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas of the
Southwest, and has been taken also in southern Idaho. Adults occur
mostly from July to September.
2. Priocnemioides austrinus (Banks), new combination
Forewing of male 15 to 21 mm. long, of female 18 to 22 mm. long;
propodeum and upper part of metapleuron partially or almost
completely covered with weak transverse wrinkles, these always
definite in the female but often obsolescent in the male; hind tibia of
male subcarinate dorsally, with a rudimentary series of teeth; hind
tibia of female with a dorsal row of strong, rather narrow teeth that
are about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristle beneath each; sixth
sternite of male with erect brown hairs, longer laterally than discally,
without the contrast in length and density between the sides and the
disc that obtains in other species of the magnus group; subgenital plate
of male with a marginal brush of longer hairs, these hairs hardly longer
on the apicolateral margin than on the apical margin; discal hairs on
male subgenital plate short, declinate. Structure otherwise as de-
scribed for P. teranus.
Black. Wings orange with the base and apex infuscate, to entirely
black, according to the subspecies; head and thorax with a faint
purple iridescence.
There are two subspecies, one in the Southwestern States and the
other from eastern Kansas to Alabama.
2a. Priocnemiocides austrinus fuscatus, new subspecies
Wings blackish, tinged with orange along the costal margin and on
the stronger veins of the forewing, and with a more extensive orange
Ficure 21.—Localities for Priocnemioides austrinus fuscatus.
54 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
suffusion caused by orange hairs against the blackish wing membrane.
The paratype has more orange on the wings than the type.
Type: 9, Theodore, Ala., June 12, 1917 (Ithaca).
Paratype: 9, on flowers of Cicuta maculata, Osage County,
Kans., Aug. 5, 1950, H. E. Evans (Evans).
2b. Priocnemioides austrinus austrinus (Banks)
PuaTe 1, FIGURE 5
Cryptocheilus austrinus Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 102, 9.
Type: 9, Texas (Cambridge).
Wings orange, infuscate apically and at the base. Specimens from
central Kansas and Texas often have the orange of the wings some-
what suffused with brownish, and are thus somewhat intermediate to
the subspecies fuscatus.
Figure 22.—Localities for Priocnemtoides austrinus austrinus.
SPECIMENS (28.7, 229): From Colorado (Boulder); Kansas (Barber
County, Butler County, Cheyenne County, Comanche County, Dick-
inson County, Ellis County, Ford County, Gray County, Hamilton
County, Harvey County, Manhattan, Morton County, Neosho
County, Russell County, Scott City, and Sedgwick County); and
Texas (Clarendon, College Station, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Fedor,
Hunt County, Maxwell, Williamson County, and Wolfe City).
Most collection dates are from June 16 to the end of August. Those
outside of this range are: May 8, May 21, and Oct. 2 at College Sta-
tion, Tex.; June 6 at Fedor, Tex.; Sept. 17 at Maxwell, Tex.; and
Sept. 22 at Dallas, Tex. Flower records comprise Melilotus alba,
Symphoricarpos, Ampelopsis arborea, and Solidago.
This subspecies occurs in Texas, Kansas, and Colorado (Boulder).
Adults occur mostly from June to September.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 0
Figure 23.—Localities for Priocnemioides magnus.
3. Priecnemioides magnus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) magnus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 111, 9. Type: 9, Georgia (Philadelphia).
Forewing of male 14 to 19 mm. long, of female 17 to 22 mm. long.
Propodeum and upper part of metapleuron smooth, without wrinkles;
hind tibia of male subcarinate and with rudimentary teeth dorsally;
hind tibia of female with a dorsal row of rather narrow teeth that are
about 0.8 as wide as the length of the bristle beyond each; sixth ster-
nite of male laterally with long, erect, black hairs, discally with
shorter, sparse, erect hairs; subgenital plate of male apically with short,
dense, erect hairs, the hairs longer apicolaterally.
Black. Flagellum orange; wings black; head and thorax without
distinct iridescence.
Specimens: o’, 29, Tifton, Ga., F. A. Eddy (Cambridge). 29,
Tifton, Ga. (Washington). @ (type), Ga. (Philadelphia). 9, Lake-
hurst, N. J., July 21, 1921 (Cambridge). 9, Riverhead, N. Y., Aug.
2, 1917, W. T. Davis (Cambridge). o, Judson, N. C., July 19, 1923,
J. C. Crawford (Raleigh). 9, Spout Springs, N. C., July 10, 1929
(State College, Raleigh). o, Wilmington, N.C., June 23, 1928, T. B.
Mitchell (State College, Raleigh). 9, Bryant, Tex., June 17, 1927,
S. E. McGregor (Krombein). 29, Fedor, Tex., May 19 and 25, 1909,
Birkmann (Cambridge). 9, Los Olmos Creek, Kenedy County, Tex.,
June 18, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). o, 2, Mount Pleasant, Titus
County, Tex., June 13, 1918, H. E. Evans (Evans). o’, Rock Island,
Tex., May 31, 1922, G. O. Wiley (St. Paul). o, Victoria, Tex., Aug.
16, 1913, J. D. Mitchell (Washington). 9, Williamson County, Tex.,
May 29, 1933, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.).
This species occurs in the Gulf and Atlantic States north to Long
Island.
56 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
4. Priocnemioides texanus (Cresson)
Forewing of male 12 to 16 mm. long, of female 15 to 20 mm. long;
clypeus of male about 2.5 as wide as long, of female about 2.7 as wide
as long; temple not receding from just behind the eye, so that the head
as seen from above is almost or quite as wide across the temples as
across the eyes; propodeum and metapleuron smooth, not at all
wrinkled; hind femur about 4.7 as long as wide; teeth on dorsal side
of hind tibia of male distinct, oblique, of female prominent and rather
wide, about as wide as the length of the bristle beyond each; sixth
sternite of male laterally with long, erect, black hairs, discally without
long erect hairs; subgenital plate of male with a marginal brush of
hairs, these hairs longer on the lateroapical margin than on the apical
margin; discal hairs on male subgenital plate short, declinate.
Black. Wings almost entirely black to mostly orange, according to
the subspecies; head and thorax with a faint purple iridescence.
This species occurs in the Southwestern States and eastward to
Louisiana. It comprises two subspecies.
4a. Priocnemioides texanus atripennis, new subspecies
Wings black.
Type: o', Opelousas, La., May 25, 1897, G. R. Pilate (Washing-
ton, USNM 61696).
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Figure 24.—Locality for Priocnemioides texanus atripennis.
4b. Priocnemioides texanus texanus (Cresson)
Priocnemis teranus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 204, @#, 9.
Lectotype: @, Texas (Philadelphia).
Wings mostly orange, ranging from clear orange with the apical part
and the extreme base rather abruptly infuscate in specimens from the
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI BF
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Ficure 25.—Localities for Priocnemioides texanus texanus.
greater part of its range, to somewhat suffused with brownish and with
the basal and apical parts darker in many specimens from Kansas and
eastern Texas. ‘These latter specimens are somewhat intermediate
to the subspecies airipennis.
Specimens (84<', 439): From Arizona (Apache, Joseph City,
Kayenta, and Navajo Mt. in Navajo County) ; California (Coalinga,
Davis, Dos Palos, Firebaugh, Hemet, Mojave River in Apple Valley,
Oxalis in Fresno County, and Patterson); Kansas (Finney County,
Grant County, Gray County, Hamilton County, Haskell County,
Morton County, and Scott City); New Mexico (Broadview and Cim-
arron); Oklahoma (McAlester); Texas (Bexar County, Brazos
County, Brownsville, Calvert, Fort Davis, Friona, Hunt County,
Kaufman County, McLennan County, Marfa, Maxwell, Navarro,
Port Isabel, Roanoke, Waco, and Williamson County); and México
(Puerta de la Goriona at 4,900 ft. in the Sierra del Carmen of Coa-
huila).
Most collection dates are from June 1 to Aug. 21. Those outside
of this range are May 25 in Williamson County, Tex.; May 28 on the
Mojave River in Apple Valley, Calif.; May 30 at Navarro, Tex.;
May 31 in Bexar County, Tex.; Sept. 5 at Firebaugh, Calif.; and
Oct. 8 at Calvert, Tex. Flower records comprise three collections on
Asclepias and one each on Avicennia, Baccharis, and Petalostemum.
This subspecies is widespread in the Southwestern States and occurs
in adjacent México. Adults occur during the summer months.
FULVICORNIS GROUP
Mesosternum with a weak triangular projection on the ridge in
front of each middle coxa; nipples on posterior part of apical margin
of fore coxa well developed; brush on inner side of hind tibia inter-
58 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
rupted subapically, or in some females not quite interrupted; second
sternite of female with a pair of large, weak, cushionlike swellings
surmounted by a pair of weak approximate tubercles; sixth sternite
of male gently concave, with some long erect hairs on each side;
subgenital plate of male approximately flat, with a median basal
longitudinal elevation, and its free margin with some long hairs.
This species group includes fulvicornis and angusticeps of North
America; unifasciatus of North and South America; molestus Banks
1946, of South America; and (Pompilus) Priocnemioides lammipennis
Smith, new combination (=Pompilus ignipennis Cresson, new synony-
my), of the West Indies.
5. Priocnemioides fulvicornis (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulvicornis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 112, #, 9. Lectotype: @, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Forewing of male 12.5 to 16.5 mm. long, of female 14.5 to 21 mm.
long; temple rather full, the head almost or quite as wide at the temples
as at the eyes; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum rather short;
propodeum with rather fine obscure transverse wrinkling, or in the
Figure 26.—Localities for Priocnemioides fulvicornts.
male usually smooth; second sternite of female with the tubercles
averaging a little more prominent and farther apart than in P. angus-
ticeps or P. unifasciatus; subgenital plate of male with a low, weak,
median longitudinal ridge that tapers from the base.
Black. Flagellum orange; wings entirely black.
SPECIMENS (219, 2239): From Alabama (Mobile and Tusca-
loosa); Arkansas (Arkadelphia, Hazen, and Springdale); District of
Columbia; Florida (Coconut Grove, Jacksonville, Miami, and Mic-
cosukee); Georgia (Albany, Tifton, and Warrenton); Illinois (Hanna
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 59
City, Homer Park, and Peoria); Indiana (Bedford, Lawrence County,
and Posey County); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff); Kansas (Allen County,
Anderson County, Baldwin, Barber County, Bourbon County, Chero-
kee County, Clark County, Clay County, Comanche County, Cowley
County, Crawford County, Dickinson County, Douglas County,
Franklin County, Harvey County, Kiowa County, Labette County,
Manhattan, Morris County, Onaga, Randolph, Reno County, Rice
County, Russell County, Sedgwick County, Smith County, Topeka,
Wallace County, and Winfield); Louisiana (Darrow, New Orleans,
Opelousas, St. Landry, Schriever, and Sunset); Maryland (Burtons-
ville, Glen Echo, Prince Georges County, Springfield, and Takoma
Park); Mississippi (De Soto County and Holly Springs); Missouri
(Atherton, Jackson, Overland, St. Louis, and Springfield); Nebraska
(South Sioux City); New Jersey (Gloucester County, Moorestown,
and Westville); New Mexico (Magdalena Mts.); New York (Brook-
lyn); North Carolina (Beaufort, Hobucken, Kingsboro, Marion,
Mount Mitchell, Overhills, Raleigh, Salisbury, Statesville, Swanna-
noa, Wallace, and Winston); Ohio (Champaign County, Highland
County, Hocking County, Jackson, Lancaster, and Pickaway County) ;
Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) ; Tennessee (Grassy Grove in Cumberland
County, and Roan Mountain in Carter County); Texas (Anahuac,
Boca Chica, Brownsville, Burleson County, Calvert, College Station,
Cypress Mills, Dallas, Dayton, Dickinson, Fedor, Fort Bend County,
Galveston, Giddings, Hopkins County, Hunt County, Liberty, Liberty
Hill, McKinney, McLennon County, Maxwell, Mount Pleasant,
Olivia, Palmetto Park at Gonzales, Paris, Plano, Port Isabel, Robs-
town, Rock Island, Seagoville, San Jacinto County, Trinity, Victoria,
Waco, Wellsville, Williamson County, Willis, and Wolfe City); and
Virginia (Hast Falls Church, Falls Church, Nelson County, and
Vienna).
Dates of capture in the Upper Austral Zone are mostly in July and
August, but in the Lower Austral Zone the normal flight season seems
to be May to early October. Early and late dates of special interest
are: Apr. 6 at College Station, Tex.; Apr. 11 at Miami, Fla.; Apr. 17
at Victoria, Tex.; May 9 at Opelousas, La.; June 9 at Kingsboro,
N. C.; June 13 at Raleigh, N. C.; Sept. 5 at Takoma Park, Md.;
Sept. 9 at Jackson, Ohio; October at Winfield, Kans.; Oct. 1 at
Raleigh, N. C.; Oct. 3 at Victoria, Tex.; Oct. 5 to 9 at Jacksonville,
Fla.; and Oct. 30 at Anahuac, Tex. and in Bexar County, Tex.
Flower records include Melilotus alba, Polygonum lapathifolium, Ampe-
lopsis arborea, Monarda punctata, Huphorbia marginata, Polytaenia
nuttallii, and Solidago. The only host record is Lycosa avida, being
transported by a female collected at Baldwin, Kans., by J. C. Bridwell.
60 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This is a common species of the Austroriparian and Carolinian
faunas. There is an isolated record from New Mexico (207, Magda-
lena Mts., N. Mex., July 1894, F. H. Snow (Lawrence)). Adults are
on the wing mostly in July and August.
6. Priocnemioides angusticeps, new species
PLATE 2, FIGURE 17
Forewing of male 11 to 15 mm. long, of female 14 to 18 mm. long;
temple rather sloping, the head somewhat narrower across the temples
than across the eyes; pronotum of male a little longer than in P. ful-
vicornis or P. unifasciatus; suberect hair on upper part of pronotum
moderately long; propodeum with rather fine transverse wrinkling,
most distinct in the female; subgenital plate of male with a low, weak,
median longitudinal ridge that tapers from the base.
Figure 27.—Localities for Priocnemioides angusticeps.
Black. Flagellum orange; wings orange, infuscate basally and
apically. In the forewing the basal infuscate area extends about
0.4 the distance to the basal vein and the apical infuscation just reaches
or invades the apex of the radial cell.
This species is superficially similar to P. unifasciatus cressoni but
may be distinguished by the tapering shape of the median longitudinal
raised area on the male subgenital plate, the narrower temple, and the
broader apical infuscation on the forewing.
Tyrer: o', Brownsville, Tex., May (Washington, USNM 61697).
PARATYPES (3767, 389): From Texas (Bexar County, Boca Chica,
Brownsville, Burnet, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Dallas, Edin-
burgh, Fedor, Liberty Hill, Maxwell, New Braunfels, Palmetto Park
at Gonzales, Port Isabel, Victoria, and Williamson County); and
México (Ahuacatlén in Nayarit, Alpuyeca in Morelos, Guadalajara,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 61
Los Mochis in Sinaloa, Medellin in Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tejupilco in
Temescaltepec, and Zetacuaro in Michoacan).
Dates of capture are mostly from June to September. Those out-
side of this range are: April at Edinburgh, Tex.; May at Brownsville,
Tex.; May 17 at Burnet, Tex.; Oct. 4 at Camp Barkley, Taylor
County, Tex.; Oct. 15 in Brazos County, Tex.; and Dec. 10 at Los
Mochis, Sinaloa, México. Flower records include only Euphorbia
marginata.
This species is known only from Texas and México. Adults are on
the wing through most of the growing season.
7. Priocnemioides unifasciatus (Say)
Forewing of male 9 to 17 mm. long, of female 10 to 21 mm. long;
temple rather swollen, so that the head across the temples is as wide
or a little wider than across the eyes; suberect hair on upper part of
pronotum moderately long; propodeum with rather fine but sharp
transverse wrinkling, most distinct in the female; seventh sternite of
male with a median longitudinal raised spatulate area.
Black. Flagellum fulvous; wings varying from orange with the
base and apex infuscate to entirely black, according to the subspecies.
This species ranges from the United States to Patagonia, but is
represented in that area by a number of subspecies which because of
their evident color differences have been considered species. They
are structurally similar but with gradual geographic variation in some
of the characters which reach distinctive extremes at the ends of the
range. ‘The structural differences between the subspecies, all minor,
are in the width of the head across the temples (widest in the Chilean
subspecies, thence gradually narrowing to the Nearctic subspecies
unifasciatus), the prominence of the raised spatulate area on the
male seventh sternite (most prominent in the Chilean subspecies,
thence gradually less prominent to the Nearctic subspecies uni-
fasciatus) and size (averaging smallest in the Chilean and Argentinean
subspecies and largest in the North American forms). In addition,
the Chilean subspecies has the flagellar segments somewhat shorter
than in the others. The color differences are described below, where
all the subspecies are treated, though only three of them are Nearctic.
Key to the subspecies of Priocnemioides unifasciatus
1, Forewing entirely black; habitat: Pera, Bolivia, and parts of Paraguay and
rerio ee oP pe at ee a nee ee gt ee 7f. peruvianus (Rohwer)
Harewing mOre Or less OPAHEG cha Page.) Ge ee Ble oe ae ek ws 2
2. Forewing black with a large subapical orange spot (pl. 2, fig. 18); habitat:
United States east of the 100th. meridian. . . . 7a. unifasciatus (Say)
Forewing orange or infuscate orange with more or less of the base and apex
BESO ES ee a si .2 oe ee ae ie ea kace ce eS ss 3
347756—57——_5
62 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Basal and apical infuscate portion of forewing merging rather gradually with
the orange of the rest of the wing, which itself is usually dusky orange rather
than clear orange; habitat: most of Argentina and adjacent Brazil.
Ze. luteicornis (Lepeletier)
Basal and apical infuscate portions of forewing joining rather abruptly with
the clear orange of the rest of the wing. . 4
4. Base of forewing infuscate beyond the tegula fon poet i 5 the length of one
tegula; longitudinal spatulate area on male subgenital plate a little more
strongly raised; flagellar segments of female a little shorter; habitat: Chile
and coastal Perl. .. . . . . 7g. dumosus (Spinola)
Base of forewing infuscate beyond the tepula an 2.0 or more the length of the
tegula; longitudinal spatulate area on male subgenital plate a little less
strongly raised; flagellar segments of female a little longer. . . . ao
5. Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.65 the distance to the basal vein; hepa:
Panamé4 and northern South America. ....... . 7d. ences Banks
Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.2 to 0.4 the distance to the basal vein . 6
6. Base of forewing infuscate for about 0.35 the distance to the basal vein; habitat:
México and southwestern United States, except California and Baja Cali-
FOTRIG sos Bere ... . . Tb. cressoni (Banks)
Base of forewing iataneate ioe abode 0. 25 he distance to the basal vein (pl. 2,
fig. 19); habitat: California and Baja California.
7c. californicus, new subspecies
7a. Priocnemioides unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say)
FicurE 1,e; PLATE 2, FIGURE 18
Pompilus unifasciatus Say, 1828, American entomology, vol. 3, p. 92 (Leconte
edition, vol. 1, p. 92), 2. Type: 9, Easton, Pa. (destroyed).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum
orange; wings blackish, the forewing with a large subapical orange spot
which is not sharply defined.
A specimen from Victoria, Tex., is intermediate to the subspecies
cressoni.
Figure 28.—Localities for Priocnemioides unifasciatus untfasctatus.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 63
SPECIMENS (5607, 1362): From Florida (Paradise Key); Georgia
(Atlanta, Head River, Sitton’s Gulch, Summerville, and Yonah
Mountain); Illinois (Algonquin, Bloomington, and Hanna City);
Indiana (Allen County and Trevlac); Kansas (Allen County, Baldwin,
Manhattan, Osborne County, Randolph, Riley County, Russell
County, Topeka, Wilcox County, and Wilson County); Kentucky
(Trenton); Louisiana (New Orleans); Maryland (Chesapeake Beach,
Indian Head, and Laurel); Massachusetts (Sagamore and Woods
Hole); Michigan (Wayne County); Mississippi (Iuka); Missouri
(Cadet, St. Louis, Springfield, and Willard); New Jersey (Alpine and
Gloucester County); New York (Bear Mt., Cold Spring Harbor,
Fort Montgomery, Hamburg, Mastic, Niagara Falls, and Tuxedo);
North Carolina (Blantyre, Bryson City, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville,
Hamrick, Jonas Ridge, Swannanoa, and Wilkes County); Ohio (Athens
County, Delaware County, Hocking County, Logan County, and
Put in Bay); Ontario (Chatham and Pelee Island); Pennsylvania
(Columbia and Rockville); South Carolina (Greenville and Table
Rock in Greenville County); Texas (Bastrop County, Brazos County,
Dallas, Fedor in Lee County, Hunt County, Jefferson County,
Madison County, and Victoria); Virginia (Dunn Loring, Falls Church,
Germantown, Great Falls, Hungry Mother, Nelson County, Penning-
ton Gap, Vienna, Wingina, and Wytheville); West Virginia (Bargers
Springs and Lewisburg); and Wisconsin (Milwaukee and Washington
County).
Most dates of collection fall between July 20 and Sept. 13, or in
Texas from June 1 to Sept. 25. Those outside these ranges are
“June” in Riley County, Kansas; June 29 at Bloomington, IIl.; July
14 at Columbia, Pa., and at Iuka, Miss.; July 19 in Gloucester
County, N. J.; Sept. 17 in Hocking County, Ohio; Sept. 21 at Great
Falls, Va., and in Allen County, Ind.; and Oct. 3 at Greenville, S. C.,
and in Hunt County, Tex. Flower records include Euphorbia
marginata and Solidago. A female was taken at Indian Head, Md.,
by J. C. Bridwell while transporting Lycosa riparia.
This subspecies occurs mostly in the Carolinian fauna. Most
adults are on the wing from about July 20 to early September. The
favorite habitat seems to be overgrown fields, especially among
bushes and along the edges of woods.
7b. Priocnemioides unifasciatus cressoni (Banks)
Cryptocheilus flammipennis, as frequently misdetermined by authors.
Cryptocheilus cressoni Banks, 1929, Psyche, vol. 36, p. 326, oo, 9. Lectotype:
9, Texas (Cambridge).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum
orange; wings orange, fuscous basally and apically. The fuscous
64 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 29.—Localities for Priocnemioides untfasciatus cressont.
basal portion extends about 0.35 the distance to the basal vein, and
the fuscous apical portion does not reach or just reaches the apex of
the radial cell.
This subspecies is superficially similar to and often confused with
the species P. angusticeps (see p. 60 for distinguishing notes). It
has also been confused needlessly with the West Indian P. flammi-
pennis.
SPECIMENS (55<7, 969): From Arizona (Chiricahua Mts., Douglas,
Dragoon Mts., Huachuca Mts., Mormon Lake in Coconino County
at 7,000 ft., Nogales, San Bernardino Ranch in Cochise County at
3,750 ft., Santa Rita Mts. at 5,000 to 8,000 ft., Stocton Pass in the
Pinaleno Mts., Sunnyside Canyon in the Huachuca Mts., Tucson,
and Workman Creek in the Sierra Ancha); Colorado (Berkeley, Clear
Creek, and Gunnison); Kansas (Reno County); New Mexico (Hells
Canyon, Jemez Mts., Mesilla, and State College); Texas (Abilene,
Austin, Bexar County, Boerne, Burnet, Carrizo Springs, Cotulla,
Cypress Mills, Dime Box, Eastland County, Edinburg, Fedor, Fort
Davis, Frio State Park in Frio County, Hunt County, Laredo,
Liberty Hill, Limpia Canyon in the Davis Mts. at 5,000 ft., Longhorn
State Park in Burnet County, Marfa, Menard County, New Braun-
fels, Port Isabel, San Antonio, Sheffield, Twin Sisters, Victoria, and
Williamson County); Utah (Salt Lake); Guatemala (Antigua); and
México (Chihuahua [city], Coyotes in Durango, El] Cercado in Nuevo
Leon, Guadalajara, Jacoma in Michoacin, Juarez, Los Mochis in
Sinaloa, México [city], Oaxaca, San Rafael Jicoltepec, Tlalnepantla,
Valleciilo in Nueva Leén, and Xochimilco).
The collection dates fall mostly between May 10 and Oct. 1.
Records outside this range are Mar. 28 at Cotulla, Tex.; “‘April” at
Edinburg, Tex.; Apr. 3 and May 4 at San Antonio, Tex.; Apr. 29 and
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 65
May 8 in Williamson County, Tex.; May 4 in Hunt County, Tex.;
May 6 at Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.; Oct. 5 in Williamson
County, Tex.; Oct. 24 at Laredo Tex.; and Oct. 26 at Carrizo Springs,
Tex. Ail the records for males fall between May 8 and July 27, except
for a male taken Aug. 8 at Coyotes, Durango, México. Flower
records include Euphorbia marginata, Sapindus drummondii, Condalia
lycioides, Polytaenia nuttallui, Tamarix gallica, and Baccharis salicina.
This subspecies occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna from Texas to
Arizona and south to Guatemala.
Te. Priocnemioides unifasciatus californicus, new subspecies
PLATE 2, FIGURE 19
Cryptocheilus flammipennis and Cryptocheilus cressoni, as frequently misdeter-
mined by authors.
Similar to the subspecies cressoni but with less fuscous at the wing
bases, the basal infuscation of the forewing extending only about
0.25 the distance to the basal vein.
Freure 30.—Localities for Priocnemioides unifasciatus californicus.
This subspecies bears about the same color and geographic relation
to Priocnemioides unifasciatus cressoni as does Hemipepsis ustulata
ochroptera to H. ustulata ustulata. It is of interest to note that the
subspecies californicus extends into Baja California and intergrades
with cressoni probably near the California~Arizona boundary, while
the subspecies ochroptera does not reach Baja California and inter-
grades with its more eastern counterpart (subspecies ustulata) in
southern California.
Tyre 9, Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, Calif., July 10,
1947, U. N. Lanham (Washington, USNM 61698).
ParaTyYPEs (60c’, 1639, including 307, 199 collected with the type
by P. D. Hurd and U. N. Lanham): From California (Antioch,
66 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Benicia, Berkeley, Blythe, Calexico, Canby, Clarksburg, Clayton,
Davis, Del Puerto Canyon in Stanislaus County, Dixon, Dos Palos,
Firebaugh in Fresno County, Hemet, Holtville, Imperial County,
La Grange, Lemoncove, Los Angeles, Mendota, Morgan Hill, Mount
Diablo in Contra Costa County, National City, Newport Bay in
Orange County, Niles, Nipomo, Old Town in San Diego County,
Oxalis in Fresno County, Petaluma, Redwood City, Ripley, Sacra-
mento, Sacramento River Valley, San Diego, San Dimas, San Jose,
Stanford University, Telsa in Alameda County, Temecula, Tracy,
Vacaville, Walnut Creek, and Willows); and Baja California, México
(Catavina, 20 miles north of Comondt, and Purissima).
Most dates of capture are in July and August, but a number of
others extend the usual distribution from June 2 to Sept. 27, and the
subspecies has been taken at Blythe, Calif., on May 7 and Oct. 3 and
at Telsa, Calif. on Oct. 15. Two collections were made on the flowers
of Asclepias.
This subspecies occurs in central and southern California and in
Baja California. Most adults are on the wing from early June to
late September.
7d. Priocnemioides unifasciatus urichi Banks, new status
Priocnemioides urichi Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 89,9. Type:
2, northwestern part of Trinidad (Cambridge).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus medium brown; flagellum
orange; wings orange, fuscous basally and apically. The fuscous
basal portion extends about 0.65 the distance to the basal vein, and
the fuscous apical portion does not reach or just reaches the apex of
the radial cell.
SPECIMENS (407, 99): From Panamé (Chiriqui and Barro Colorado
Island); Colombia (Cincinnati); Trinidad; Venezuela (Mérida and
Valera); and Ecuador (Mera).
Te. Priecnemicides unifasciatus luteicornis (Lepeletier), new status
Calicurgus luteicornis Lepeletier 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres,
vol. 3, p. 404, 9. Type: 9, Province des Mines, Brazil (?Paris).
?Pepsis Bonariensis Lepeletier, 1845, Historie naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres,
vol. 3, p. 476, 9. Type: 9, Buenos Aires, Argentina (?Paris).
Priocnemioides tenebrosus Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 480,
o', @ (mew synonymy). Type: ?, Brazil (Cambridge).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus light brown; flagellum
orange; wings orange but more or less suffused with brownish and
distinctly infuscate basally and apically. The basal and apical
infuscation is not as sharply defined as in the subspecies uricha,
cressoni, and californicus. Specimens of the present subspecies from
Argentina in general have less brownish suffusion on the wings than
do those from elsewhere.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 67
Banks (1946) identifies this form as bonariensis Lepeletier, which
was described originally in Pepsis. While Lepeletier’s specific
description agrees, his generic description of the venation of Pepsis
does not. An examination of his type may show, however, that this
is the form he had.
SPECIMENS (70, 159): From Argentina (Bolivar, Carcaraifia,
Cérdova, Mendoza, Muiiecas, Salta, “San Juan’, and Tucumén);
Brazil (Campinas, Maldonado, Maracaju in Mato Grosso, and Rio
de Janeiro); Pert (Villa Rica); and Uruguay (Montevideo).
7f. Priocnemioides unifasciatus peruvianus (Rohwer), new status
Cryptocheilus peruvianus Rohwer, 1913, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, p. 440,
9. Type: 9, Santa Ana, Pert, 3,000 ft. (Washington).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus medium brown; flagellum
orange; wings black with a slightly brownish tint.
This subspecies has a strong superficial resemblance to the Nearctic
P. fulvicornis. It may be distinguished by the longer hair on the upper
part of the pronotum and by the more distinct wrinkles on the pro-
podeum, in addition to the specific differences described in the key.
SpEcIMENS: 9, Misiones, Argentina, Feb. 4,%1942, A. L. Parker
(Washington). 9, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, J. Steinback (Cambridge).
Q (type), Santa Ana, 3,000 ft., Peri, Aug. 3, 1911 (Washington).
o', Valle Chanchamayo, Pert, 800 m., “1-3-30,’”’ Weyrauch (Cam-
bridge).
7g. Priocnemioides unifasciatus dumosus (Spinola), new status
Pompilus dumosus Spinola, 1851, in Gay, Historia fisica y politica de Chile,
zoologia, vol. 6, p. 376, #@, 29. Types: Coquimbo, Chile (?Paris).
Black. Pubescence of face and clypeus dark brown; flagellum
orange; wings orange with the apical margin and the base for a very
short distance (equal to about 1.5 the length of the tegula) fuscous.
Spinola mentioned having specimens from Brazil and from Co-
quimbo in Chile. Since the Brazilian specimens may have repre-
sented a different species or subspecies, the type locality is hereby
restricted to Coquimbo, Chile.
SPECIMENS (12c’, 199): From Chile (Correntoso River, Maipt,
Melipilla, Rio Negro, Santiago, Valparaiso, and the mainland near
Chiloe Island); and Pert (Lima and Trijillo).
Genus Cryptocheilus Panzer
Salius Fabricius, 1804, Systema Piezatorum . . ., p. 127 (preoccupied). Type:
Sphex sexpunctata Fabricius; designated by Guérin, 1849.
Cryptocheilus Panzer, 1806, Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutsch-
lands ..., Band 2, p. 120. Type: Sphex annulata Fabricius; designated
by Westwood, 1840.
68 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Cryptochilus Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la nature . . . , p. 125 (Emendation).
Adonta Billberg, 1820, Enumeratio insectorum . . . , p. 101;(New name for Salius).
Stenoclavelia Arnold, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 15, p. 44. Type: Steno-
clavelia mirabilis Arnold; original designation.
Chilochares Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, pp. 119, 120. Type: (Crypto-
chetlus birkmanni Banks) = idoneum birkmanni Banks; original designation.
Adirostes Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 465. Type: Adirostes
tolteca Banks; original designation.
Medium sized species, or sometimes rather large, of average stout-
ness, the Nearctic species with forewing 6 to 14 mm. long; clypeus
medium or rather large, convex; pronotum moderately long, its hind
margin arcuate or somewhat angled at the middle; second inter-
cubital vein straight or somewhat curved; second recurrent vein
reaching the second cubital cell near or somewhat beyond its middle;
cubital vein reaching wing margin; base of first discoidal cell without
a distinct irregularity in the membrane; nervulus beyond basal vein
by about 0.25 to 0.5 its length; nervellus ending basad of juncture of
cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.65 as long as submediella
(pl. 1, fig. 6); hind tibia with a dorsal serration, weaker in the male;
brush on inner side of hind tibia in the Nearctic species rather narrow
and with a subapical interruption; under side of hind tarsus of male
with a close fringe of hairs extending from its base to beyond the middle
(this fringe is absent in all other Nearctic Pepsinae except Priocne-
mioides.); last tarsal segment with two regular rows of bristles beneath;
tooth on tarsal claws erect, acute.
The Nearctic species of Cryptocheilus are all closely related. In
the Old World the genus is very much larger and with a structural
diversity that poses problems in generic distinctions from other
complexes of species. The males of certain Old World species have
the thorax, especially the pronotum, elongate. The name Stenoclavelia
was proposed for such males.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Cryptocheilus
MALES
1. Flagellum enue orange, or its basal segment partly alee body pubescence
dark gray; wings largely orange. . Ass ited rin icon
Flagellum eee blackish; body eieesnenes pisckish me ra ee ot es
bd
. Median apical notch on et sternite about 0.5 as deep as wide; apical margin
of clypeus weakly concave; subgenital plate rather short.
3. pallidipenne (Banks)
Median apical notch on sixth sternite about 1.2 as deep as wide; apical mar-
gin of clypeus weakly convex; subgenital plate elongate.
4. attenuatum Banks
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 69
. Median longitudinal ridge on subgenital plate narrow throughout; clypeus in
front view with its apex truncate or weakly concave, or convex. ... 4
Median longitudinal ridge on subgenital plate very broad basally; pieeas in
front view with its apex moe notched, either very broadly or rather nar-
TOWly;. aes : Ss urs . 6
. Median longreacieel stine on Seana sine “ah eather donee black ers:
wings black... : . . . . 1. hesperus (Banks)
Median longitudinal eee on pa ecuital lee without hairs that are dense or
denser than on the rest of its surface; wings blackish or largely yellow.
SUBS P CLES OP TWH MINAIIIE. (5.5 waldo. ail psec: G2 sinsic tobe aot ve) leynelivop play ms
. Wings entirely black... . . . 2a. terminatum subopacum (Cresson)
Wings yellow, their apices broadly blackish.
2b. terminatum terminatum (Say)
. Clypeus with a rather deep, U-shaped apical notch; longitudinal raised area on
subgenital plate lanceolate, flat above and with sharp edges.
5. severini Banks
Clypeus with a broad shallow apical emargination; longitudinal raised area on
subgenital plate one triangular, without sharp edges. SUBSPECIES OF
IDONEUM . . BRON oe emer eal ese ener te ce Reh oe con, ci ome te sy neg ere otal!
. Wings entirely black Ye . . . . 6a. idoneum idoneum Banks
Wings yellow, their apices blackish . . . 6b. idoneum birkmanni Banks
FEMALES
. Flagellum entirely orange, or its basal segment ee fuscous; wings largely
orange; body pubescence dark gray. . . IDPS Tee oan oe
Flagellum entirely blackish; body pubescence ince Steyr opis pacttges
. Mandible, when not worn, about 0.75 as long as the extreme width of the
clypeus; apex of mandible not unusually broad; clypeus a little shorter and a
little more strongly convex; range: Arizona and California.
3. pallidipenne (Banks)
Mandible, when not worn, about 0.85 as long as the extreme width of the
clypeus; apex of mandible broad; clypeus a little longer and a little less con-
vex; range: Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, and Iowa. 4. attenuatum Banks
. Propodeum and metapleuron with close sharp transverse or oblique wrinkles;
wings black; range: California, Oregon, Utah, and Nevada.
1. hesperus (Banks)
Propodeum and metapleuron smooth or with fine weak wrinkles. . . . .. 4
. Apical margin of clypeus rather strongly concave; wings yellow, the apex of the
forewing rather broadly black. . .. . . .. . . 5. severini Banks
Apical margin of clypeus less strongly concave; wings black or yellow with the
apex of the forewing black. .... See hct kO:
. Lower lateral corner of face with a dusky perusamtenits oe ely as in profile
less convex. SUBSPECIESOFIDONEUM... . SPS aortas, CO
Lower lateral corner of face without a pale mark; falge et in econ more con-
vex. SUBSPECIES OF TERMINATUM... . Saige
. Wings entirely black. . .. n Sahks 6a. sion ‘se dorteconn Banks
Wings yellow, the apex of ae forewing blackish.
6b. ideoneum birkmanni Banks
. Wings entirely black... . . . 2a. terminatum subopacum (Cresson)
Wings yellow, infuscate ae . . 2b. terminatum terminatum (Say)
70 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 31.—Localities for Cryptocheilus hesperus.
1. Cryptocheilus hesperus (Banks)
Priocnemis hesperus Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 401, [9]. Type:
9 , Stanford University, Calif. (Cambridge).
Cryptocheilus atratus Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 247, #, 2.
Type: 2, Glenwood, Calif. (Ithaca).
Mate: Forewing 6 to 8.5 mm. long; front view of clypeus with the
apex weakly arcuately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply
V-shaped with the bottom rounded; subgenital plate tongue-shaped,
with a median longitudinal rounded ridge that is stronger basally and
gradually weaker to the apex, the longitudinal ridge with a crest of
short, dense black hairs; margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of
short, dense black hairs and bristles. Colored as in the female.
Frmauz: Forewing 6 to 12.5 mm. long; clypeus in side view strongly
convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly arcuately
concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.85 as long as the clypeus
is wide, its apical tooth rather broad; propodeum and upper part of
metapleuron with close, sharp, transverse wrinkles (without or with
a few indistinct wrinkles in the male and in both sexes of the other
Nearctic Cryptocheilus).
Black. Body pubescence blackish; wings blackish, the apical
0.23+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing deeper black.
This species is very closely related to C. terminatum, differing in the
possession of median crest of hair on the male subgenital plate and in
having the female propodeum and metapleuron transversely wrinkled.
SPECIMENS (2607, 1009): From California (Alameda County,
Antioch, Atascadero, Benicia, Berkeley, Cajon Pass in San Bernar-
dino County, Chile Bar in Eldorado County, Clayton, Concord,
Davis Creek in Modoc County, Dixon, Dos Palos, Eldridge in Sonoma
County, Felton, Harris, Laguna Beach, La Jolla, Lemoncove, Lindsay,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI we
Oroville, Patterson, Pinoche in Fresno County, Placerville, Priest
Valley at 2,300 ft. in Monterey County, Quincy, Redwood City,
Redwood Creek, Richardson Springs, San Mateo County, San Fran-
cisco County, Santa Barbara, Santa Paula, Stanford University,
Tracy, Wood Lake in Tulare County, and Ventura); Nevada (Reno);
Oregon (Corvallis, Dufur, La Grande, Lane Benton Park 20 miles
south of Corvallis, Malheur County, Pee Dee, and Yoncalla); and
Utah (Fair West, Salt Lake, and Tooele).
Collection dates are mostly in June, July, August, and September.
Dates outside of these four months are: Apr. 15 at Ventura, Calif.;
May 7 at San Andreas Lake, San Mateo County, Calif.; May 10 at
Clayton, Calif.; May 15 at Pinoche, Fresno County, Calif.; May 19
at Richardson Springs, Calif.; May 20 at Felton, Calif.; May 26 at
Wood Lake, Tulare County, Calif.; Oct. 2 at Concord, Calif.; Oct.
13 at Antioch, Calif.; Oct. 15 at Telsa, Alameda County, Calif.; and
October at Green Valley, Solano County, Calif. Flower records
comprise Cleome serrulata and Baccharis.
This species has been collected commonly in California and Oregon
and sparingly in Nevada and Utah. Adults are on the wing during
the warmer part of the season.
2. Cryptocheilus terminatum (Say)
Mate: Forewing 6 to 8.5 mm. long; front view of clypeus with
the apex weakly arcuately concave; median notch of sixth sternite
deeply V-shaped with the bottom sharp; subgenital plate tongue-
shaped, with a weak median longitudinal rounded ridge that is
stronger basally and gradually weaker to the apex, the longitudinal
ridge without a crest of hairs; margin of subgenital plate with a fringe
of short straight and longer curved black hairs. Coloration as in
the female.
Frmae: Forewing 7.5 to 10 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather
strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly
arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.80 as long as
the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth moderately broad; propodeum
without distinct wrinkles.
Black. Body pubescence blackish; wings either entirely blackish
or largely orange-yellow, according to the subspecies.
There are two subspecies, differing only in wing color. It may be
presumptuous to consider two forms subspecies without evidence of
intergrades where their ranges approach, but with their ranges adja-
cent and orly one character distinguishing the two populations, it
seems reasonable to suppose that intergrades or other evidence of
natural interbreeding will eventually come to view. An exactly
similar situation occurs between the two forms here considered sub-
species of Cryptocheilus idoneum.
(2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
2a. Cryptocheilus terminatum subopacum (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) subopacus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 114, 7, 9. Lectotype: 9, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Wings blackish, the apical 0.25+ of the forewing and the apical
margin of the hind wing deeper black.
Specimens: 9, Washington, D. C., Sept. 5, 1948, D. Shappirio
(Shappirio). o, Washington, D. C., Aug. 29, 1947, D. Shappirio
(Shappirio). 29, Baldwin, Kans., July, Bridwell (Washington). 29,
Marshall County, Kans., July 12 and 24, 1950, R. L. Fisher (Evans
and Townes). 9, Sheridan County, Kans., F. X. Williams (Washing-
ton). 9, Glen Echo, Md., R. M. Fouts (Washington). 9, Camden
County, N. J., July 12, 1891 (Washington). 9 (type), Pennsylvania
Figure 32.—Localities for Cryptocheilus terminatum subopacum.
(Philadelphia). <, Lobo, Tex., July 8, 1917 (Ithaca). 6c, Dunn
Loring (near Vienna), Va., July 18 and 31, 1948, July 24 and 30, and
Aug. 6, 1949, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes). 792, Dunn
Loring, Va., June 26, 1949, July 18, 1948, July 27, 1947, Aug. 2, 1947,
Aug. 21, 1949, and Aug. 22, 1948, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and
Townes). o', Falls Church, Va., Aug. 30 (Cambridge). 49, Falls
Church, Va., July 12, Aug. 30, Sept. 10 and 16, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This subspecies has been collected in the vicinities of Washington
and Philadelphia, in Kansas, and at Lobo, Tex. The recorded flight
season is from June 26 to Sept. 16.
2b. Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum (Say)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 20
Pompilus terminatus Say, 1828, American entomology vol. 3, p. 92 (Leconte
edition, vol. 1, p. 92), 9. Type: 9, near Arkansaw River, 200 miles
east of Rocky Mts. (destroyed).
Cryptocheilus carinatus Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, 3. Type:
3’, Orman Dam, S. Dak. (Cambridge).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 73
Wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.25+ of the forewing and the
apex of the hind wing blackish.
This subspecies is one of three species or subspecies of Cryptocheilus
agreeing moderately well with Say’s description and figure of Pompilus
terminatus and all three plus others have been identified as terminatus
by various workers. The present form is the only one with the apical
dark area of the forewing as wide as described by Say and the name
terminatum thus seems applicable to it alone.
Specimens (300, 519): From Alberta (Lethbridge); Arizona
(Flagstaff, McNary, Mormon Lake, Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 ft.,
Santa Rita Mts., and Sunnyside Canyon in the Huachuca Mts.);
British Columbia (Fort Steele); Colorado (Boulder, Clear Creek in
Jefferson County at 6,000 to 7,000 ft., Home, and Owl Canyon in
Larimer County) ; Kansas (Cheyenne County, Gove County, Sherman
County, Thomas County, and Wallace County); Minnesota (Argyle,
Hallock, Kittson County, Lancaster, Ortonville, and Polk County) ;
Montana; New Mexico (Raton); North Dakota (northeastern) ;
South Dakota (Custer and Orman Dam); Texas (8 miles and 30 miles
Ficure 33.—Localities for Cryptocheilus terminatum terminatum.
west of Fort Davis); Washington (Pullman); Wyoming (Chimney
Rock); and México (Sombrerete in Zacatecas and Teotihuacan).
Most collection dates are in July and August. Unusually early and
late dates are: June 24 at Flagstaff, Ariz.; June 29 at Clear Creek,
6,000 to 7,000 ft., Jefferson County, Colo.; July 4 at 30 miles west of
Fort Davis, Tex.; July 9 in Sunnyside Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz.;
Aug. 26 at Lancaster, Minn.; Aug. 27 at Home, Colo.; Sept. 7 at
Argyle, Minn.; and Sept. 21 at Boulder, Colo.
This subspecies occurs in the Transition Zone of the Great Plains
and the Rocky Mountain area. Adults are on the wing mostly in
July and August.
14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 34.—Localities for Cryptocheilus pallidipenne.
3. Cryptocheilus pallidipenne (Banks)
Priocnemoides (!) pallidipennis Banks, 1911. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol.
19, p. 236, [9]. Type: 9, Tucson, Ariz. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 8 to 9 mm. long; clypeus in front view with its
apex moderately concave; median notch of sixth sternite deeply
U-shaped; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, somewhat convex but
without a median ridge; apical margin of subgenital plate with a
fringe of short stout hairs. Coloration as in the female.
FrmauEe: Forewing 8 to 10 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather
strongly convex, in front view with the apex strongly and broadly
arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded) about 0.75 as long
as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth moderately broad.
Black. Body pubescence dark gray; flagellum orange, its first
segment infuscate basally; wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.21+ of
the forewing and the apical margin of the hind wing fuscous.
SPECIMENS: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., July 9, 1941, R. H.
Beamer (Lawrence). @, Tempe, Ariz., Aug. 15, D. K. Duncan
(Krombein). @ (type), Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Cambridge).
o', 9, Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Townes). ¢, Walnut, Ariz.,
June 30, 1936, E.S. Ross (San Francisco). <, Blythe, Calif., May 19,
1947, E.G. Linsley (Berkeley). 4 &%, Brawley, Calif., Aug. 9, 1914,
J. C. Bradley (Ithaca and Cambridge). o, 92, Calexico, Calif.,
August (Cambridge). 99, Imperial County, Calif., May and June,
1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 5 o, Imperial County, Calif.,
April, May, and June, 1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 2°,
Ripley, Calif., Aug. 19, 1946, J. W. MacSwain (Berkeley). 29,
Seeley, Calif., July 17, 1940, E. E. Kenaga (St. Paul and Lawrence).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI To
9, Mesilla, N. Mex., June 30, 1897, A. P. Morse (Washington). 9,
Corvallis, Oreg., July 12, 1925, D. A. Wilbur (Corvallis).
This species occurs in southern California, Arizona, New Mexico,
and at Corvallis, Oreg.
4. Cryptocheilus attenuatum Banks
Cryptocheilus attenuatus Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 8, #7. Type: &, New
Braunfels, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 7 to 8 mm. long; front view of clypeus with apex
truncate or weakly concave; apex of sixth sternite semicircularly
emarginate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, somewhat narrowed
apically, broadly tectate, the median longitudinal ridge with a crest
of curved hairs; apical margin of subgenital plate with a fringe of long
slender hairs, just dorsad of which is a fringe of short bristles. Colora-
tion as in the female.
Figure 35.—Localities for Cryptochetlus aitenuatum.
Frema.e: Forewing 7.5 to 11 mm. long; clypeus in side view rather
strongly convex, in front view with the apex moderately concave;
mandible (when not eroded) about 0.85 as long as the width of the
clypeus, its apical tooth very broad.
Black. Body pubescence dark gray; flagellum orange, its first
segment somewhat infuscate basally; wings orange-yellow, the apical
0.18-+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind wing blackish.
SpecIMENS (116, 5292): From Colorado (Fort Collins); Iowa
(Sergeant Bluff); Kansas (Baldwin, Carleton, Clay County, Clark
County, Dickinson County, Ford County, Franklin County, Law-
rence, Manhattan, Marshall County, Miami County, Morton County,
Onaga, Osborne County, Rush County, Russell County, and Wabaun-
see County) ; Louisiana (Tallulah) ; Tennessee (Knoxville) ; and Texas
76 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
(Bexar County, Brownsville, Camp Barkley in Taylor County,
Dallas, El Paso, Maxwell, New Braunfels, San Marcos, and William-
son County); and México (Alpuyeca in Morelos and Villa Guadalupe
in Jalisco).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from late spring to
early fall, the earlier and later dates being April at Brownsville, Tex.;
May 1, 5, and 13 in Bexar County, Tex.; Sept. 23 at Fort Collins,
Colo.; Oct. 4 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex., and at Knox-
ville, Tenn.; Oct. 10 at Manhattan, Kans.; and Oct. 16 at Lawrence,
Kans. Flower records comprise Melilotus alba and Conium maculatum.
A female from Lawrence, Kans., was taken with prey, a juvenile
Lycosa.
This species occurs from the Mississippi Valley to the Rocky
Mountains in the Transition, Upper Austral, and Lower Austral
Zones. It ranges further eastward than any other of the yellow winged
pepsines. Adults occur throughout the warmer season.
5. Crypiecheilus severini Banks
Ficure 1, b
Cryptocheilus severint Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent., vol. 58, p. 202, [@]. Type:
o', Newell, 8. Dak. (Cambridge),
Cryptocheilus arizonicus Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 7, o&, 9. Type: 9,
Tempe, Ariz. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 8.5 to 10 mm. long; front view of clypeus with a
deep semicircular emargination; sixth sternite with a shallowly
U-shaped emargination; exposed portion subgenital plate about
square, the apical angles rounded, basally with a median triangular
elevation with flat top and sharp edges, the elevation reaching to or a
Ficure 36.—Localities for Cryptocheilus severini.
PEPSINAE!: TRIBE PEPSINI ti
little beyond the middle of the subgenital plate; apical margin of
subgenital plate with a thin bare flange at the base of which is a row
of short bristles. Coloration as in the female.
FrMaueE: Body pubescence blackish; forewing 7.5 to 14 mm. long;
clypeus in profile moderately convex, in front view with the apex
strongly concave; mandible about 0.85 as long as the clypeus is wide,
its apical tooth rather narrow.
Black. Lower outer corners of face stramineous; wings orange-
yellow, the apical 0.1+ of the forewing and the apex of the hind
wing blackish.
SPECIMENS (59c", 1279): From Arizona (Douglas, Dragoon Mts.,
Nogales, Pearce, Phoenix, San Carlos, Tempe, and Tucson) ; Califor-
nia (Blythe, Calexico, Claremont, Coalinga, Dos Palos, Jacumba,
Linsay, Los Angeles County, Redlands, San Antonio in Santa Clara
County, Tejon, and Three Rivers); Colorado (Bent County, Clear
Creek, and Logan County) ; Kansas (Decatur County, Greeley County,
Hamilton County, Morton County, Norton County, Rawlins County,
Scott City, Stafford County, Wallace, and Wichita County); Nebraska
(Butte); Nevada (Reno); New Mexico (Deming, Hope, Magdalena,
Mesquite, Mesilla Park, Organ, and Road Forks in Grant County) ;
South Dakota (Capa, Custer, Newell, Pierre, and Platte); Texas
(Alpine, Atascosa! County, Balmorhea Lake in Reeves County, Bastrop
County, Camp Barkley in Taylor County, Clarendon, College Station,
Cornudas in Hudspeth County, Corrizo Springs, Cotulla, Dunlay,
Fedor, Fort Davis, Frio State Park in Frio County, Hidalgo County,
Juno, Laredo, Liberty Hill, Llano County, Marfa, Marathon and
Pine Springs) ; Utah (Emery County); Washington (Lone Tree on the
Yakima River); Wyoming (Newcastle and Weston County);
and México (Canutillo in Durango, Jiménez in Chihuahua, and
Vallecillo in Nueva Ledén).
Most dates of capture are in the summer months, though in the
southern parts of the range are many records for May, September,
and October. Early and late dates of interest are; May 2 at Scott
City, Kans.; May 11 at Cotulla, Tex.; May 12 at San Carlos, Ariz;
May 13 at Laredo, Tex.; June 30 at Lone Tree on the Yakima River,
Wash.; June 24 at Butte, Nebr.; June 28 at Newell, S. Dak.; Sept. 8
at Platte, S. Dak., Oct. 10 at Camp Barkley, Taylor County, Tex.;
Oct. 17 in Atascosa County, Tex.; and Oct. 23 at Phoenix, Ariz.
Flower records comprise Monarda and Tamariz gallica.
This species occurs from the hundredth meridian to the Rocky
Mountains, in southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California, and
in northern México. It is on the wing mostly in July and August
in the northern part of its range, and from May to October in the
south.
347756—57——6
78 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
6. Cryptocheilus idoneum Banks
Mate: Forewing 7.5 to 9.5 mm. long; apex of clypeus with the middle
half truncate, projecting laterad of the truncation as a short lobe;
median notch of sixth sternite broadly U-shaped with a rounded bot-
tom; subgenital plate with a median longitudinal raised triangular
area having an attenuate point reaching to the apex, the sides of the
raised areas distinct but not sharp; apical margin of subgenital plate
truncate or somewhat retuse, with a fringe of short stout setae.
Coloration as in the female.
Frmaue: Forewing 9 to 13.5 mm. long; clypeus in side view flatter
than in the other Nearctic species of the genus, in front view with the
apex rather strongly, arcuately concave; mandible (when not eroded)
about 0.95 as long as the clypeus is wide, its apical tooth rather broad.
Black. Body pubescence blackish; lower corners of face dusky
stramineous; wings blackish or largely orange-yellow, according to
the subspecies.
There are two subspecies, differing only in wing color. No inte-
grades between them are yet known and it may eventually develop
that each should be considered a full species.
6a. Cryptocheilus idoneum idoneum Banks
Psammochares tenuicornis Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 249, o& (name pre-
occupied). Type: o, Southern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge).
Cryptocheilus idoneus Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 250, 9. Type: 92, South-
ern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge).
Psammochares gracilicornis Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p.
225 (new name for P. tenuicornis).
Wings blackish, the apical 0.16+ of the forewing deeper black.
SPECIMENS (10c7, 302): From Florida (Branford, Bristol Road in
Gladsen County, Fort Lauderdale, Marineland, Myakka River State
Figure 37.—Localities for Cryptocheilus idoneum idoneum.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 79
Park, Orlando, and Weekiwatchee Springs in Hernando County);
Georgia (Billys Island in the Okefenokee Swamp, College Park, Head
River, and Tifton); Minnesota (Anoka County and Rice Creek in
Anoka County); North Carolina (Lake Waccamaw, Laurel Hill,
Oteen, Raleigh, Southern Pines, Swannanoa, and Winston); and Vir-
ginia (Clifton and Falls Church).
Dates of capture are distributed through the warmer part of the
year, unusually early and late dates being: Apr. 2 and 17 at Orlando,
Fla.; June 2 at Laurel Hill, N. C.; June 29 at Raleigh, N. C.; June 30
at Clifton, Va.; Sept. 3 at Swannanoa, N. C.; Sept. 20 at Lake Wac-
camaw, N. C.; early October at Raleigh, N. C.; and Oct. 15 in Virginia.
This subspecies has been collected from Virginia to Florida and in
Minnesota. Adults occur during the summer and early fall.
6b. Cryptocheilus idoneum birkmanni Banks
PLATE 1, FIGURE 6
Cryptocheilus birkmanni Banks, 1926, Canadian Ent. vol. 58, p. 202, ¢@, 9.
Type: o, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Wings orange-yellow, the apical 0.16+ of the forewing blackish
and the tip of the hind wing infuscate.
Ficure 38.—Localities for Cryptocheilus idoneum birkmannt.
SpEcIMENS (3207, 649): From Arizona (Congress Junction,
Florence, Mesa, Quijotoa in Pima County, Tempe, and Tucson);
California (Palm Springs, Ripley, and Westmorland); Colorado
(Roggen); Iowa (Sergeant Bluff and Sioux City); Kansas (Barber
County, Barton County, Clay County, Reno County, Riley County,
Rooks County, and Seward County); Nebraska (Bartley, Halsey,
Meadow Grove, and Thedford); New Mexico (Aden, Kenna, Koehler,
Las Cruces, Mesilla Park, and Santa Rosa); Texas (Athens, Austin,
Carrizo Springs, Colorado County, Corpus Christi, Culberson
80 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
County, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Del Rio, Fedor, Galveston, Gillett in
Karnes County, Llano County, Lytle, Mineola, Ranger, Rock Island,
Rosser, San Antonio, Victoria, and Wilson County); Utah (Moab);
Wyoming (Lingle and Torrington); and México, Baja California (El
Arco Mine, Hamilton Ranch, 20 miles north of Mesquival, and San
Ignacio).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed through the warm
months. The extreme dates are Apr. 17 at Corpus Christi, Tex.,
and Oct. 1 at Mineola, Tex. Flower records comprise Stillingia
sylvatica and Monarda sp.
This subspecies ranges from the Western border of Iowa and all but
easternmost Texas to Wyoming, Arizona, southern California, and
Baja California. Adults occur during the warmer months.
Genus Priocnemis Schigdte
Medium or small sized species of slender to stout build, the fore-
wing of the Nearctic species 3 to 13 mm. long; clypeus rather small
for the Pepsini; pronotum of moderate length, its hind margin broadly
angled to a weak median notch; second intercubital vein strongly
curved and oblique posteriorly, nearly straight and perpendicular an-
teriorly; second recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell near its
middle; cubital vein often fading out before the wing margin; base
of first discoidal cell without an irregularity in the membrane; ner-
vulus beyond basal vein by about 0.7 to 1.3 its length; nervellus end-
ing some distance before juncture of cubitella with discoidella; anal
lobe elliptical, about 0.35 to 0.55 as long as submediella (pl. 1, fig. 7);
hind tibia either smooth or serrate dorsally, always serrate in females
of the Nearctic species; brush on inner side of hind tibia of moderate
width, without a subapical constriction; last segment of tarsi beneath
without preapical bristles in the Nearctic species, in some exotic
species with a few, rather irregularly rowed bristles; tooth on tarsal
claws small, erect, acute.
This genus is mostly Holarctic, but the subgenus Sphictostethus has
a marsupial type of distribution. The four recognized subgenera are
keyed out below.
Key to the subgenera of Priocnemis
LL (Wangs reduced, not large enough foriflying:.i). M>.4iiiw. nase ase 2
Wings of normal size: fy 4). ia... easel i. . emer Sele Riis 3
2. Thorax constricted at the middle; teeth on hind tibia weak, tuberclelike;
Chilean Specless. igen oj. oe ae Sphictostethus (some females) (p. 81)
Thorax not constricted at the middle; teeth on hind tibia chevron-shaped;
INeareticispectesis me eT te 2s Vee nS oe Priocnemis (some females) (p. 89)
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 81
3. Propodeum with a strong sublateral longitudinal impression extending from
the spiracle towards the apex; cubital vein evanescent just beyond the third
cubital cell; third cubital cell about 1.7 as long as the second cubital cell;
oriental species... . .. . . . Clistederes (p.83)
Propodeum without a Gistines pibiatecal longitudinal impression; cubital vein
usually reaching the wing margin; third cubital cell less than 1.5 as long as the
second cubital cell. . ..... ae re.
4. Outer hind corner of third dabital cell pine or pavers rectangular
(pl. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25); hind tibia of male without teeth; hind tibia of
female with low, chevron-shaped teeth . . . Priocnemis (in part) (p. 89)
Outer hind corner of third cubital cell acute (pl. 1, fig. 7; pl. 2, fig. 21) . . .5
5. Hind edge of hind tibia of female with the teeth sometimes moderately strong,
but usually weak or obsolete, between the teeth (when these are present)
the tibia is rather densely hairy; hind tibia of male lacking distinct teeth;
species of marsupial-like distribution. The only Nearctic species has the
wings mostly orange. . . . . .Sphictostethus (in part) (p. 81)
Hind edge of hind tibia of female rite the teeth strong, between the teeth the
tibia polished and relatively or quite hairless; outer side of hind tibia of male
with distinct,teeth:...../-. ..i, im <s «in « « + .P¥iocnemissas; (p.:83)
Subgenus Sphictostethus Kohl
Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 34, pp. 37,47. Type:
Pompilus gravesii Haliday; original designation.
Haploneura Kohl, 1884, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 34, pp. 37, 47 (preoc-
cupied; new synonymy). Type: Haploneura apogona Kohl; original designa-
tion.
Haploneurion Kohl, 1885, Ent. Nachr., vol. 11, p. 163 (new name for Haploneura).
In specimens with functional wings, the third intercubital vein
slants outward so that the third cubital cell has its outer angle acute
(pl. 2, fig. 21); the third cubital cell is variable in size, usually about 1.2
as long as the second, and the cubital vein usually reaches the wing
margin. The wings of the females of some species are reduced, and
in these species there are various distortions from the normal venation,
including loss of the first intercubital vein. Upper edge of hind tibia
of both sexes without or with teeth, the teeth when present usually
weak, and never strong in the male; clothing hairs on upper edge of
hind tibia not more sparse than on the front face of the tibia; pro-
podeum without a sublateral longitudinal impression; male sub-
genital plate often with a longitudinal compressed tooth.
I have seen a number of species from Chile, some from New Zealand,
one from Fiji, one from New Caledonia, five from México, and one
from the Nearctic region. The Nearctic species (P. pretiosa) and
the five from México form a distinct group which I shall call the
pretiosa group. The determined extralimital species that have been
examined are: Pompilus gravesii Haliday 1836; Salius (Priocnemis)
thaumastarius Kohl 1905; Pompilus flavipes Guerin 1836; Agenia
ranthopus Spinola 1851; Haploneuria apogona Kohl 1884; Haploneurion
82 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
minus Kohl 1905; and Priocnemis montrouziert Williams 1945. A
paratype of montrouziert has been examined. All these species except
the New Caledonian montrouzieri are from Chile and all are new com-
binations in the genus Priocnemis or in the subgenus Sphictostethus,
or in both.
Priocnemis (Sphictostethus) pretiosa Banks, new combination
PLATE 2, FIGURE 21
Priocnemis pretiosa Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 18, o&. Type: o&, Mount
Lemmon at 6,000 ft., Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz. (Cambridge).
Maze: Forewing 6.5 to 10 mm. long; hind edge of hind tibia with
feeble teeth; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, flat with its edge weakly
reflexed, its surface with erect hairs averaging about 0.7 as long as
the width of the subgenital plate, the more posterior hairs longer than
the rest.
Ficure 39.—Localities for Priocnemis pretiosa.
Black. Wings orange, their apices margined with fuscous. Smaller
males have an additional, more or less well developed fuscous cloud
centering just beyond the apex of the stigma.
Fremaue: Forewing 7.5 to 11 mm. long; hind edge of hind tibia
with moderately strong teeth.
Black. Wings orange, the apex of the forewing margined with
fuscous.
Two undetermined species from Mount Popocatépetl, México
(9,600 ft.), are very close to pretiosa, differing only in minor characters
in the male subgenital plate and lacking the discal cloud in the fore-
wing of the male. One of the two may prove to be a subspecies of
pretiosa.
Specimens: 49, Carr Canyon, 7,500 ft., Huachuca Mts., Ariz.,
July 29, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Cochise County, Ariz.,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 83
July 31, 1916, V. Owen (San Francisco). 9, Flys Peak, Chiricahua
Mts., Ariz., July 1927, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco). o&, on
flowers of Lomatium, Graham Mts., Ariz., June 23, 1950 (Washing-
ton). o (type), Mount Lemmon at 6,000 ft., Ariz., July 27, 1917
(Cambridge). o, 22, on forest floor, Mount Lemmon at 9,000 ft.,
Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz., Aug. 2 to 4, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans).
o', Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., July 15, 1947, L. D. Beamer (Lawrence).
&, 72, Rustlers Park at 9,000 ft. in the Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July
7 to 8, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans and Townes). 9, Santa Rita Mts.
at 5,000 ft., Ariz., Sept. 10, 1931, E. R. Tinkham (St. Paul). 207, 19,
on forest floor, Cloudcroft at 9,000 ft., N. Mex., July 26, 1948, H. E.
Evans (Evans and Townes). 9, Cloudcroft at 9,100 ft., N. Mex.,
Aug. 1947, B. Valentine (Townes). 9, ‘“Meadow Valley,” Sierra Ma-
dre, México, C. H. T. Townsend (Washington). One of the females
from Rustlers Park was taken from under the bark of a log, chewing
on the legs of a spider (a juvenile Lycosa). All the spider’s legs had
been cut off one side.
This species occurs at 5,000 to 9,100 ft. in the mountains of New
Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent México.
Subgenus Clistoderes Banks
Clistoderes Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 69, p. 33. Type:
Priocnemis (Clistoderes) astarte Banks; original designation.
This subgenus contains three species described from the Philippines
by Banks in 1934. The long third cubital cell, sublateral grooves on
the propodeum, and failure of the cubital vein to reach the wing margin
are its outstanding characters.
Subgenus Priocnemissus Haupt
Priocnemissus Haupt, 1949, Beitrége zur taxonomischen Zoologie, vol. 1, p. 75.
Type: Procnemis “coriarius’’ Dahlbom = coriaceus Dahlbom; original desig-
nation.
In the groove between the mesoscutum and scutellum slender
slightly elevated wedges extend mesad but do not meet medially;
third intercubital vein slanting outward so that the third cubital
cell has its outer hind angle acute; third cubital cell about 1.2 as
long as the second cubital cell; cubital vein reaching the wing margin
(pl. 1, fig. 7); wings of both sexes functional; hind tibia of male with
distinct teeth on its upper edge, of the female with strong, suberect,
lobelike teeth; hind tibia of female almost hairless between the teeth
so that its upper edge appears polished; propodeum without a distinct
sublateral longitudinal impression.
This subgenus is well represented in Eurasia and has three species
in North America. All three of these are adults in the spring, being
among the first psammocharids to begin flying and the first to disap-
84 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
pear as summer develops. The non-Nearctic species of this subgenus
that have been studied are the Chilean Salius (Priocnemis) disperti-
tius Kohl 1905; the Colombian Priophanes moesta Banks 1945; and
the European Priocnemis mimulus Wesmael 1851, Sphex fusca Fabri-
cius 1775, and Calicurgus vulgaris Lepeletier 1845. These are all new
combinations with the subgeneric name.
Key to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Priocnemissus
1. Abdomen black; male with apex of ae strongly concave; rather slender
Bpeciest7as . . . . 1. minorata Banks
Abdomen feceelya or Wennizcint nea eis pias all black); male with
apex of clypeus truncate; stout species... . oy) es bate roe ae
2. Abdomen black apically; thorax and head of forale Saris ‘dull ferruginous;
male subgenital plate with the hairs about 0.6 as long as the width of the
plates 4's . . 2. nigripes (Cresson)
Abdomen red to ihe ee Gately, pics enerely Golaeky thorax and head of
both sexes entirely black; male subgenital plate with the hairs about 1.3 as
long as the width of the plate. ........ .. . 8. oregona Banks
1. Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) minorata Banks, new combination
Figure 1,c; Puate 1, FIGURE 7
Priocnemis conicus “‘Say,’”’ as misdetermined by authors.
Priocnemis minorata Banks, 1912, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p.197,[9]. Lectotype:
9, Great Falls, Va., April 20 (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 6 to 10 mm. long; clypeus rather flat, short, and
with the apex arcuately emarginate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped
Ficure 40.—Localities for Priocnemis minorata.
with a broad shallow notch in its apex, its hairs erect with their apices
curved backwards, or in the case of the apical bristles curved mesad,
averaging about 0.8 as long as the width of the subgenital plate.
Black. Wings faintly to distinctly infuscate; abdomen black, but
sometimes with a reddish tinge.
Frmaue: Forewing 7 to 12 mm. long.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 85
Black. Wings lightly to strongly infuscate; abdomen black.
Specimens from the Pacific States and British Columbia have the
wings averaging a little darker than in specimens from the East.
This species is considerably more slender and with less long hair
than the other two Nearctic species of the subgenus, and in these
characters is more like a large group of Eurasian species.
SPECIMENS (12607, 3099): From Alabama (De Soto State Park);
Arkansas (Washington County); British Columbia (Creston and Pass
Creek); Connecticut (Colebrook, Hartford, Lyme, and Wallingford) ;
District of Columbia; Georgia (Burton and Yonah Mt.); Indiana
(Vincennes) ; Iowa (Ames, Mount Pleasant, Sioux City, and Thomp-
son); Kansas (Baldwin and Manhattan); Kentucky (Mammoth Cave
National Park); Maine (Belgrade and Hancock); Maryland (Bowie,
Cabin John, Glen Echo, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park);
Massachusetts (Blue Hills, Cohasset, Dorchester, Lexington, Malden,
Medford, Milton, Minot County, Nantucket, Provincetown, Sherborn,
Wellesley, and Wollaston); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Jackson County,
Midland County, Osceola County, and Portage Lake); Minnesota
(Anoka County, Carver County, Fillmore County, Frontenac, Good-
hue County, Hennepin County, Houston County, Itasca Park, Lake
County, Lake Minnetonka, Manterville, Mille Lac, and St. Anthony
Park); Missouri (St. Louis); New Hampshire (Durham, Hampton,
Hanover, Jaffrey, Mount Monadnock, Ossipee, and Webster); New
Jersey (Camden County, Lahaway in Ocean County, Malaga, Middle-
sex County, Pemberton, Princeton, and Trenton); New York (Butter-
milk State Park, Cayuta Lake, Chafee, Connecticut Hill in Tompkins
County, Heart Lake in Essex County, Honeoye Lake, Ithaca, Lan-
caster, McLean, Mahopac Falls, Oswego, Owego, Patterson, Plateau
Mt. in the Catskills, Putnam, Sea Cliff, Slaterville, Smithtown,
Syracuse, Taughanic Falls, and Yonkers); North Carolina (Ashe-
ville, Elizabethtown, Glenville, Marion, and Raleigh); Nova Scotia
(Millsville) ; Ohio (Akron, Columbus, Delaware County, Lick County,
Put in Bay, and Sugar Grove); Ontario (Bells Corners, Constance
Bay, Fisher Glen, Grimsby, Jordan, Leamington, Merrivale, Ottawa,
and Spencerville); Oregon (Corvallis, Forest Grove, and Portland) ;
Pennsylvania (Castle Rock, Glenside, Lawndale, Pittsburgh, Spring
Brook, and State College); Quebec (Abbotsford, Aylmer, Gracefield,
Granby, Ironsides, Kazubazua, Montreal, and Quebec); Tennessee
(Knoxville); Texas (College Station); Vermont (Manchester); Vir-
ginia (Arlington, Barcroft, Chain Bridge, Chapahamswick Park,
Dunn Loring, East Falls Church, Falls Church, Glencarlyn, Great
Falls, Mount Vernon, and Vienna); and Wisconsin (St. Croix Falls).
Most collection dates are in April, May, and early June. Especially
early and late dates are Mar. 24 at Washington, D. C.; Mar. 30 at
Plummers Island, Md.; Mar. 31 at Cabin John, Md.; Apr. 1 at Glen
86 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Echo, Md.; Apr. 3 in Brazos County, Tex.; Apr. 6 at Forest Grove,
Oreg.; Apr. 9 at Ithaca, N. Y.; Apr. 24 at Owego, N. Y.; June 10 at
Constance Bay, Ont.; June 11 at Fisher Glen and Leamington, On-
tario, and in Lake County, Minn.; June 21 at Chafee, N. Y.; June 24
at Lyme, Conn.; June 27 at Ithaca, N. Y.; and June 29 in Itasca Park,
Minn. Flower records include one collection on blueberry, three on
Benzoin aestivale, and one on Prunus serotina. On two occasions
specimens were taken at ‘sugar’ put on tree trunks for collecting
moths. Adults appear with the first spring flowers and disappear
in early summer. The habitat is woods, usually in sun-warmed
stream bottoms. The adults run or fly low over the forest floor, and
lack of concealing foliage at this early season makes them conspicuous.
Soon after the trees are in full leaf they begin to disappear.
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas of
the eastern half of the continent, and in the Transition fauna of the
Pacific Northwest. Its habitat is woods, the adults being present
from early spring to early summer.
Figure 41.—Localities for Priocnemts nigripes.
2. Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) nigripes (Cresson), new combination
Pompilus (Priocnemis) nigripes Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia,
vol. 4, p. 454, 9. Type: 9, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis gomelza Brimley, 1934, Ent. News, vol. 45, p. 43, 9. Type:?,
Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Maus: Forewing 8 to 10 mm. long; clypeus weakly convex, its
apex truncate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, its hairs suberect and
about 0.6 as long as the width of the subgenital plate.
Black. Wings lightly infuscate; most of second tergite, apical half
of the first tergite, and basal half of third tergite ferruginous, the rest
of the abdomen black.
Fremaue: Forewing 9 to 12 mm. long.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 87
Black. Most of head and thorax dull ferruginous with the sutures
black; coxae with an external dull ferruginous area; wings moderately
infuscate, the forewing a little darker along the basal vein and nervulus
and in an area just beyond the level of the stigma; abdomen ferrugi-
nous, infuscate beyond the third tergite, the apical margins of the
first to third tergites usually weakly infuscate; base of first tergite
somewhat infuscate.
SPECIMENS (367, 459): From Alabama (Montgomery): Arkansas
(Palm); Colorado; Kansas (Baldwin County, Douglas County,
Ellsworth, Manhattan, and Wichita); Missouri (St. Louis); Nebraska
(Lincoln and Malcolm); North Carolina (Chapel Hill, Raleigh, and
Tryon); and Tennessee (Clarksville and Knoxville). The 3 males
were collected on Mar. 4 and 16 at Manhattan, Kans., and on Mar. 30
at Lincoln, Nebr. Dates of capture for females are from Mar. 8 to
May 2, one from Malcolm, Nebr., on May 12, and one from Osage,
Kans., in “August.’’ Most were collected in April.
This is a species of the Central and Southeastern States. Adults
occur in early spring.
3. Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) oregona Banks, new combination
Pompilus comparatus Walker, 1866, in Lord, The naturalist in Vancouver Island
and British Columbia, vol. 2, p. 341, 2 (preoccupied). Type: 9, British
Columbia (London).
Priocnemis oregona Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 11 (new name).
Mats: Forewing 6.5 to 11 mm. long; clypeus moderately convex,
rather long, its apex truncate; subgenital plate tongue-shaped, its
hairs erect and about 1.3 as long as the width of the subgenital plate.
Black. Wings moderately infuscate; abdomen red, the base of the
first tergite black.
Ficure 42.—Localities for Priocnemis oregona.
S88 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
FrMa.e: Forewing 7.5 to 13 mm. long.
Black. Wings fuscous; abdomen red, the base of the first tergite
black.
Variety: Four males and one female have the abdomen largely
(the males) or entirely (the female) blackish, and may represent a
distinct race. These are: o, Fairfax, Marin County, Calif., Apr. 12,
1925, C. L. Fox (Townes). o, Mill Valley, Marin County, Calif.,
Feb. 28, 1926 (San Francisco). 9, Miat Canyon near Palmdale,
Calif., Apr. 20, 1932, E. P. VanDuzee (San Francisco). co, Sonoma
County, Calif., Feb. 20, 1911, J. A. Kusche (San Francisco). of,
Yorkville, Calif., May 8, 1935, E. P. VanDuzee (Berkeley).
SPECIMENS (typical variety; 280, 2679): From Arizona (Parker
Creek in the Sierra Ancha); British Columbia (Aspen Grove, Creston,
Kaslo, Lavington, Penticton, Robson, Salmon Arm, and Vernon);
California (Berkeley, Dutch Flat, Fairfax, Fish Camp, Glen Ellen,
Hat Lake in Lassen National Park, Humboldt County, Inverness,
Lake Pilarcitus in San Mateo County, Manzanita Lake in Lassen
National Park, May Lake in Yosemite National Park, Miami Ranger
Station in Mariposa County, Mill Valley, Mount Diablo in Contra
Costa County, Mountain View, Nevada City, Old Station, Palmdale,
Richardson Springs, Ross, Ryan Creek in Mendocino County, San
Francisco, San Jose, Santa Clara County, Shasta County, southern
Sonoma County, Smoky Jack Camp in Yosemite National Park, and
Yorkville); Idaho (Boise, Burley, Cedar Mt. near Moscow, Moscow,
Moscow Mt., and Potlatch); Nevada (Reno); Oregon (Alsea Mt.,
Astoria, Breitenbush, Corvallis, Drift Creek, Echo, Marion, Mosier,
Oakville, Portland, Salem, Scio, Shaw, Toledo, Waldport, Wildhorse
Mt. near Athena, and Wren); Utah (Logan and Salt Lake City); and
Washington (Almota, Buena, Clarkston, Gilmer, Olympia, Palouse,
Pullman, Ritzville, Spokane, Wawawai, and Wenatchee).
Most dates of collection are from Mar. 20 to June 6. At more
northern latitudes or at higher altitudes the dates run somewhat later,
and a few straggling females have been taken in August. Representa-
tive early and late dates are: Feb. 20 in southern Sonoma County,
Calif.; Feb. 28 at Mill Valley, Calif.; Mar. 3 at Corvallis, Oreg.;
Mar. 9 in Washington State; Mar. 10 at Berkeley, Calif.; Mar. 11 at
Wren, Oreg.; Mar. 12 at Dutch Flat, Calif.; Mar. 16 at Reno, Nev.;
Mar. 20 at Toledo, Oreg.; Mar. 25 at Spokane, Wash.; March 27 at
Vernon, British Columbia; June 14, June 28, and Aug. 2 at Corvallis,
Oreg., June 16 at Ryan Creek, Mendocino County, Calif.; June 24 at
Cedar Mt., Moscow, Idaho; June 21 at 8,000 ft. and June 26 at 10,500
ft. in Yosemite National Park, Calif.; Aug. 10 and 16 at Echo,
Oreg.; Aug. 16 at Toledo, Oreg.; November at San Francisco, Calif.
(2); and Dec. 16 in the hills back of Oakland, Calif. (2). The last
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 89
date, and possibly the last two dates apparently represent precocious
spring arrivals rather than late stragglers. A female collected Apr.
10, 1902, at Mountain View, Calif., is labeled “from nest of ground
spider.”
This is a spring species common in the Transition and Canadian
faunas from southern British Columbia to southern California, and
less common eastward into the Great Basin.
Subgenus Priocnemis Schigdte
Priocnemis Schigdte, 1837, Krgyer’s Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, vol. 1, p. 324.
Type: Sphezx exaltata Fabricius; designated by Westwood, 1840.
Prionocnemus Burmeister, 1872, Stettiner Ent. Zeitung, vol. 33, p. 235 (emendation).
Prionocnemis Kirby, 1884, Zool. Rec., vol. 20 (Insecta), p. 131 (emendation).
Myrmecosalius Ashmead, 1903, Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 5, p. 307 (new
synonymy). Type: Myrmecosalius nigriceps Ashmead; monobasic.
In the groove between the mesoscutum and scutellum slender
slightly elevated wedges extend mesad from each side and meet at
the middle, forming a narrow raised transverse line; third intercubital
vein approximately perpendicular so that the third cubital cell has
its outer angle approximately rectangular or obtuse; third cubital cell
about as long as the second cubital cell; cubital vein sometimes not
reaching the wing margin (pl. 2, figs. 22, 23, 24, 25); wings of the
females of some species reduced or vestigial; hind tibia of male without
a trace of teeth on its outer edge, of female with a row of sharp,
obliquely chevron-shaped, decumbent teeth; hind tibia of female with
numerous hairs on and between its teeth, so that its outer edge does
not appear polished; propodeum without a sublateral longitudinal
impression.
This subgenus is well represented in both North America and in
Eurasia, and there are a few species in the Neotropics.®, In contrast to
the vernal subgenus Priocnemissus, adults of the subgenus Prioenemis
occur in the summer. The extralimital species of which specimens
have been studied are: Pompilus parcus Cresson 1867 (Cuba); the
European Sphex erxaltata Fabricius 1775, Pompilus minutus Linden
1827, Pompilus femoralis Dahlbom 1829, Priocnemis parvulus Dahlbom
1845, Prioenemis obtusiventris Schigdte 1837, Pompilus pusillus Schigdte
1837, Calicurgus propinquus Lepeletier 1845, and Salius schenckir
Kohl 1884; an undetermined Chilean species; and two undetermined
species from México related to P. navajo.
In 1951 (U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 913-914) the
subgeneric name Priocnemis was erroneously applied to Priocnemissus
and true Priocnemis was called Myrmecosalius. The error originated
with specimens of a European species of Priocnemissus misdetermined
as Priocnemis exaltata, the genotype of Prioenemis, which gave a false
idea of the proper application of this name.
90 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
The name Hemipogonius Saussure 1892, is sometimes listed as a
synonym of Priocnemis. Its genotype has not been available for
study.
Keys to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Priocnemis
MALES
(The male of P. abbreviatus is unknown.)
1. Subgenital plate with the hairs distributed ge over its entire surface,
WEI ORNS sg So 6 x PSE TSR ARON ENED,
Subgenital plate with the Bene resnmored fol Genta ALeAS| MAarLOW -) ees 2) 0
10.
. Sixth sternite with a medium apical pair of parallel ridges (in addition to the
usual lateral hooks); hair on subgenital plate long and suberect.
4. hestia (Banks)
Sixth sternite without a median apical pair of parallel ridges (with a pair of
low convergent ridges in P. aequalis); hair on Eee 6 oe either short
and depressed or long and recurved .... . spout cccwtoiun site
. Subgenital plate narrow, its exposed portion about 2. 3 as Sone as wide; hair on
subgenital plate long and strongly recurved; frons mat, not acme
punctate... . . .. . . 5. cornica (Say)
Subgenital plate broad te sqesed fornon poo 1.3 as long as wide; hair on
subgenital plate depressed, rather short; frons mat to Sabpokaned: with
distinct punctures. ... ee nT.
Sixth sternite with a median nical one ‘of “id ponvereent ndeee: punctures
on frons weak, separated by about 1.0 to 2.0 their diameter.
3. aequalis (Banks)
Sixth sternite without a median pair of ridges; punctures on frons stronger,
separated by about 0.3 to 1.0 their diameter ... . i ioe Saasoe Os
Apical margin of clypeus with a sublateral thickening, eeeeoet or pit (the
development of this structure is extremely variable); frons and pleura a
little less polished. . . . . .... . 1. germana (Cresson)
Apical margin of clypeus sharp, Paepenialarei: frons and pleura a little more
polished. SUBSPECIES OF SCITULA. ... at cs ee bape
. Coxae black or blackish; femora and abdomen oes inoct er oes markings.
2a. scitula relicta Banks
Coxae largely or entirely fulvous; femora and abdomen largely fulvous.
2b. scitula scitula (Cresson)
. Subgenital plate with a oe median longitudinal row of long suberect setae,
otherwise bare. .. . . .. . . 6. minuscula (Banks)
Subgenital plate with haieed in Caton not with a single median row of
S@baC Mer ray cy es Sa heit ide ce ecm
. Subgenital plate yathouee a medera eee Eocene or a mean pale of elongate
tubercles; frons mat, indistinctly punctate . . . 8. nigriceps (Ashmead)
Subgenital plate with a median raised tooth or pair of elongate tubercles;
frons subpolished, with sharp punctures. SUBSPECIES OF NOTHA. . . 9
. Subgenital plate with a median pair of Ea tubercles or ridges; abdomen
black (.) Se wwe es Speirs tlt oa LO
Subgenital plate mee a median erect tooth. or Goat of teeth abdomen with its
basal half often rufous .. . TS Os eel
Range: Upper Sonoran Zone of aS Rocky, Mountaint Sh, etene to the
Pacifie%; 6 385 ce) ) Ae As wile FAS oe ae mOtha mayvajonbanks
BIT
10.
tt.
12.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI QO]
Range: Transition Zone of ee Oregon, Washington, and British
Columbia 29. . . . . 9b. notha occidentis Banks
Abdomen black with eafeae epainh on its basal half; tooth on subgenital plate
longitudinally divided . . . . . . 9c. notha alaskeneias new subspecies
Abdomen with its basal half rufous; tooth on subgenital plate usually single.
9d. notha notha (Cresson)
FEMALES
. Wings vestigial,:too short fo.be functional . 2... 2... ww ct 2
Wings not vestigial, functional . ... . eat
. Forewing about 0.8 as long as the thorax; foros eee eeeeens
7. abbreviatus, new species
Forewing about 0.3 as long as the thorax; femora ferruginous.
8. nigriceps (Ashmead)
. Apical half of forewing evenly infuscate ... . 4 4
Apical half of forewing irregularly infuscate so as to pone faintly fa distinctly
banded or spotted. .... . ah ste
Frons and mesoscutum distinctly chia with diated plone aneeanest SUB-
SPECIES OF NOTHA ... : Bude taiana ail
Frons and mesoscutum dull, Shines mistince once : ‘Bo cornica (Say)
. Abdomen entirely black; forewing more strongly infuscate.
9a. notha navajo Banks
Abdomen largely or entirely rufous; forewing moderately infuscate ... 6
. Abdomen entirely rufous. . . . . . 9b. notha oeccidentis Banks
Abdomen with its apical 0.3 to 0. 6 pick or blackish: -")3 42292) POEUN h7
. Apical 0.6+ of abdomen blackish . . 9c. notha alaskensis, new subspecies
Apical 0.35 of abdomen blackish. . . . . . 9d. notha notha (Cresson)
. Pronotum fulvous, the rest of the thorax black; wings unusually narrow and
short:(pl.2, tig; 25)... . . . . . . 6. minuscula (Banks)
Pronotum black, or if pale then other oe of the thorax also pale; wings of
normal width and length. . .. . PAT: 9
Fourth cubital cell uniformly and eet nent? frone ae pa sorea tia
shining, with rather scattered shallow punctures . . 3. aequalis (Banks)
Fourth cubital cell with its basal 0.7 subhyaline and its apical 0.3 lightly
infuscate so that the forewing has a conspicuous pale subapical spot; frons
mat to polished, with closer deeper ichiease or not uke punc-
WEES charlie a . 10
Frons dull, mit Glace eral pace that are famicall to see so that e may
appear mat and impunctate; forewing with a conspicuous fuscous mark
over the basal vein and nervulus, the mark crossing the anal cell (pl. 2,
eA tw ss - ... . 4. hestia (Banks)
Frons somewhat cee porous pareiate: Greanne with a weaker fuscous
mark over the basal vein, the mark not invading the anal cell (pl. 2, figs.
Dey ayes sted hve igewes Gee
Clypeus with a reedige ae Pee elevation aa ei the apex that
gives the impression of a weak flattening just beyond the elevation; frons
more densely punctate; frons and pleura more strongly mat; ee 6 to 9
mm: long... . . .. . . 1. germana (Cresson)
Clypeus without a medi Subapical Grcealanien frons less densely punctate;
frons and pleura less ee mat; forewing 4 to 6mm. long. SUBSPECIES
OF) SCITULAG yy 57 ; Seep ttle
Legs and body preety or panes eee face 2 ane seitula relicta Banks
Legs and body partly fulvous, at least the abdomen less than 0.75 black.
2b. scitula scitula (Cresson)
92 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 43.—Localities for Priocnemis germana.
1. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) germana (Cresson)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 22
Pompilus (Priocnemis) germanus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 116, 9. Lectotype: 9, Delaware (Philadelphia).
Pompilus (Agenia) iridipennis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 1,
p. 127, #. Lectotype: @, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Mate: Forewing 4 to 7 mm. long; clypeus with the apical margin
specialized, the specialization varying from a sublateral thickening or
weak impression of the margin to a very large deep pit in the same
position; frons subpolished, with sharp punctures separated by about
0.2 their diameter. The stronger specialization of the clypeus occurs
usually in larger males. In these there is a tendency for the clypeus
to be narrower than usual and the head is always swollen postero-
dorsally. In ail other Nearctic species of this subgenus the apical
margin of the clypeus is simple and sharp in both sexes and the head
is of normal shape. Middle third of sixth sternite smooth; exposed
part of subgenital plate tongue-shaped, about 1.3 as wide as long,
covered with short oblique hairs.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; front tarsus and front side
of front tibia usually fulvous; wings subhyaline, the apical third of
the forewing weakly infuscate.
Frmaue: Forewing 6 to 10 mm. long; frons mat, with small very
close punctures; clypeus with a weak, median, transverse, subapical
swelling.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; wings subhyaline, the fore-
wing with a narrow indefinite infuscation along the basal vein and
its apical third moderately infuscate, with a conspicuous hyaline area
covering the basal 0.7 of the fourth cubital cell; apex of hind wing
weakly infuscate.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 93
SPECIMENS (24207, 2309): From Arizona (Oak Creek Canyon at
6,000 ft.): Colorado (Granite Peaks Camp near Bayfield at 9,000 ft.);
Connecticut (East Hartford, Lyme, Salisbury, Soapstone Mt., and
Stafford); Delaware; District of Columbia; Georgia (4,200 ft. on
Tray Mt. in White County and Stone Mt.); Iowa (Iowa County and
Mount Pleasant); Kansas (Baldwin and Riley County); Maine
(Casco, Eagle Lake on Mount Desert Island, and Salisbury Cove);
Maryland (Beltsville, Cabin John, Chevy Chase, Deep Creek Lake,
Glen Echo, Patuxent River, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park);
Massachusetts (Holliston, Lexington, Sherborn, and Woods Hole);
Michigan (Detroit, Midland County, Muskegon County, Roscommon
County and Schoolcrest County); Minnesota (Beltrami County, Fish
Hatchery at St. Peter, Itasca Park, Traverse County, and Washington
County); Missouri (Willow Springs); New Hampshire (Groton Town-
ship, Hampton, Merrimack County, Mount Washington, Pittsfield,
and Stratford County); New Jersey (Bordentown, Moorestown,
Ramsey, and Riverton); New York (Bemus Point, Enfield Glen in
Tompkins County, Essex County, Gardiners Island, Gowanda,
Ithaca, Little Valley, Mastic, McLean, New Russia, Niagara Falls,
Oliverea, Putnam County, and Spring Lake in Cayuga County);
North Carolina (Black Mt., Bryson City, Clinton, Crabtree Meadows
at 3,600 ft. in Yancey County, Hamrick, Mount Mitchell, Mount
Pisgah, and Wake County); Ohio (Sugar Grove); Ontario (Constance
Bay, Gull Lake in the Muskoka District, Timagami, Toronto, and
Waubamic); Quebec (Laniel and Montreal); South Carolina (Table
Rock State Park); Vermont (Stowe); Virginia (Arlington, Chain
Bridge, Dunn Loring, Falls Church, Glencarlyn, Great Falls, Rosslyn,
and Skyline Drive); and West Virginia (Bolivar and Terra Alta).
Collection dates are mostly from June 1 to Sept. 15, with a con-
spicuous concentration in July and August and precocious and
straggling individuals a few weeks outside of this range as: Apr. 16
at Takoma Park, Md.; Apr. 31 on the Patuxent River, Md.; May 13
at Falls Church, Va.; May 24 at Clinton, N. C.; May 26 at Cabin
John, Md., and at Mount Pleasant, Iowa; May 30 at Bowie, Md.;
Sept. 16 at Cabin John, Md., and at Washington, D. C.; Sept. 23 at
Bolivar, W. Va.; Oct. 1 at Arlington, Va.; and Oct. 13 on Plummers
Island, Md. North of the vicinity of Washington, D. C., the dates
of collection do not extend so late into the fall, as indicated by the
extreme dates of Sept. 8 at Englenook, Pa., and Sept. 14 at Phila-
delphia, Pa. Twelve of the collections are labeled as having been
made in woods and my own experience is that the species occurs
almost exclusively in the herbs and shrubbery of mesophytic and
moist deciduous woods.
347756—57—_7
Q4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas and
there are a few scattered records for the Rocky Mountains. The
habitat is the undergrowth of woods. Adults are commonest in
July and August.
2. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula (Cresson)
Maus: Forewing 3.5 to 5 mm. long; frons subpolished, with rather
shallow punctures separated by about 0.7 their diameter; median
third of sixth sternite with a pair of faintly raised, small apical mounds;
exposed part of subgenital plate tongue-shaped, about 1.3 as long as
wide, covered with short oblique hairs; mandible largely rufous;
wings hyaline, the apical third of the forewing faintly infuscate.
Fremaue: Forewing 4.5 to 6 mm. long; frons subpolished, its punc-
tures separated by about 0.3 their diameter. Mandible largely
rufous; wings subhyaline, the forewing with a faint infuscation along
the basal vein and its apical third moderately infuscate, with a con-
spicuous hyaline area covering the basal 0.7 of the fourth cubital
cell (pl. 2, fig. 23); apex of hind wing faintly infuscate.
There are two weakly differentiated subspecies, a northern one
(relicta) with the body and legs almost entirely black and a southern
one (scitula) with the body and legs largely fulvous. Their colorations
and distributions are described below.
2a. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula relicta Banks
Priocnemis relicta Banks, 1912, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p. 198,[9]. Lectotype:
9, Sea Cliff, N. Y., Sept. 5 to 10, N. Banks (Cambridge).
Ageniella tenella Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 400, @. Lectotype:
o', Niagara Falls, N. Y., July 31, 1910, M. C. Van Duzee (Cambridge).
Mate: Black. Legs with a variable amount of fulvous, this cover-
ing at least the front tarsus and front tibia (which is infuscate above),
Ficure 44.—Localities for Priocnemts scitula relicta.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 95
and at most these parts plus almost all of the front femur and of the
middle and hind femora and tibiae; basal half of abdomen usually
stained with fulvous laterally.
Fremae: Black. Front tarsus, front of front tibia and often the
basolateral parts of the abdomen stained with fulvous.
SPECIMENS (16c", 602): From Connecticut (East Hartford, Lyme,
Orange, and Stafford); Maine (Orono); Massachusetts (Holliston and
South Natick); New Hampshire (Greenfield, Pinkham Notch, Pitts-
field, and Stinson Lake); New York (Big Indian Valley in the Catskill
Mts., Boston, Cold Spring Harbor, Gardiners Island, Ithaca, Keene,
New Russia, Niagara Falls, Oneonta, Poughkeepsie, Sea Cliff, and
Van Courtland); North Carolina (Crabtree Meadows in Yancey
County at 3,600 ft., Hamrick, Mount Mitchell at 5,200 ft., and
Mount Pisgah at 4,600 ft.); Ohio (Columbus and Shaker Heights);
Ontario (Chatham); Pennsylvania (Paupack); Quebec (Knowlton
and Montreal); Vermont (Woodstock); and Wisconsin (Sawyer
County).
Most dates of capture are from July 15 to Aug. 31. The extreme
dates are June 15 to Sept. 10.
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian and Alleghenian faunas.
The habitat is the undergrowth of moist woods. Adults are on the
wing mostly in the last half of summer.
2b. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula scitula (Cresson)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 23
Pompilus (Priocnemis) scitulus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 118, 9. Type: 9, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Mate: Black. Coxae below and sometimes almost entirely, tro-
chanters except at the base, middle and hind femora except at the
Ficure 45.—Localities for Priocnemts scitula scttula.
96 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
apex, front tibia except for a weak dorsal infuscation, middle and
hind tibia except toward their ends, front and middle tarsi, more or
less of the posterolateral part of pronotum and sides and venter of
basal half of abdomen, fulvous.
Femaue: Black. Thorax varying from entirely black to almost
entirely fulvous; legs fulvous, with more or less extensive infuscation,
this infuscation usually covering upper side of the coxae, the hind
knees, and the hind tarsi; abdomen fulvous with approximately the
apical half black or infuscate.
SPECIMENS (280', 449): From Alabama (Coosa River in Chilton
County); District of Columbia; Ilinois; lowa (Iowa City); Maryland
(Bowie, Cabin John, Glen Echo, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park);
Massachusetts (Wellesley); Minnesota (Norman County); New Jersey
(Moorestown and West Englewood); New York (Sea Cliff); Pennsyl-
vania (Inglenook, Overbrook, and Philadelphia); Virginia (Arlington,
Falls Church, and Palonian Springs); and West Virginia (Bolivar).
Most dates of capture are from June 15 to Sept. 15. Those earlier
and later are: May 28, June 1 and 11 at Falls Church, Va.; Sept. 21
at Iowa City, Iowa; Sept. 23 at Bolivar, W. Va.; Sept. 24 at Bowie,
Md.; and Oct. 13 on Plummers Island, Md.
This subspecies occurs in low vegetation of moist woods in the
Carolinian Fauna. Adults occur throughout the summer.
3. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) aequalis (Banks)
Ageniella aequalis Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 243, o7.
Type: o’, Revelstoke, Selkirk Mts., British Columbia (Ithaca).
Maun: Forewing 3.7 to 5 mm. long; frons subpolished, with shallow
punctures separated by about 0.3 their diameter; sixth sternite with
its lateral hook unusually distant from its apical margin, postero-
mesal to the hook a weak semicircular impression that is bounded
mesally by a weak oblique ridge; exposed part of subgenital plate
tongue-shaped, about 1.3 as long as wide and covered with short
oblique setae.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; apex, front, and under
side of front tibia fulvous; wings subhyaline, the apical third of the
forewing faintly infuscate.
FEMALE: Forewing 5 to 7.5 mm. long; frons weakly mat, with
shallow punctures separated by about 0.3 their diameter.
Black. Apical half of mandible ferruginous; wings faintly infuscate,
the forewing with a weak indefinite infuscation along the basal vein
and nervulus, and its apical third moderately infuscate; apical portion
of hind wing faintly infuscate.
SPECIMENS: 0’, Calgary, Alberta, July 18, 1917, Sladen (Ottawa).
o', Fort Nelson, British Columbia, June 13, 1948, W. R. M. Mason
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI Q7
Ficure 46.—Localities for Priocnemis aequalis.
(Evans). o'(type), Revelstoke, Selkirk Mts., British Columbia,
July 1, 1905, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 9, Pelham, N. H., Sept. 5,
1905, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). o&@, Ringwood, Tompkins
County, N. Y., July 21, 1928, H. A. Scullen (Corvallis). o, Rome,
N. Y., June 24, 19384, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Norman Wells,
Northwest Territory, July 23, 1949, W. R. M. Mason (Evans). 4a’,
Hemmingford, Quebec, July 19, 1925, G. H. Hammond (Ottawa).
9, on flowers of Pastinaca sativa, Orderville, 5,500 ft., Utah, Aug. 14,
1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Rutland, Vt., Aug. 1 to 5, 1916
(Cambridge). oo’, Muskego, Wis., Aug. 7 to 16, 1936, P. B. Lawson
(Lawrence). 50°, 29, Watson Lake, Yukon Territory, June 20,
1948, W. R. M. Mason (Evans and Townes). o', A. P. Morse
(Cambridge).
This species is transcontinental in the Canadian and in the cooler
parts of the Transition Zone.
4. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) hestia (Banks)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 24
Ageniella hestia Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 400, @. Type: a,
Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Agentella crassicornis Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 108, @.
Lectotype: o, Forest Hills, Mass., June 11, 1910, C. T. Brues (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 3.7 to 5 mm. long; frons subpolished, with small
subadjacent punctures; sixth sternite with a pair of short, median,
longitudinal, parallel, high carinae; exposed part of subgenital plate
tongue-shaped, its apex subtruncate, about 1.3 as long as wide and
covered with long erect hairs.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous or the mandible mostly
pale. Head, body, and legs with a variable amount of pale markings,
at least the front of the front tibia fulvous and usually with more or
OS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
less extensive additional pale markings as follows: palpi pale brown;
clypeus with its apical margin cream-colored to mostly cream-colored ;
hind margin of pronotum pale brown; legs fulvous, the tibia, tarsus,
and knees of the hind legs fuscous; basal half of abdomen more or less
extensively tinged with fulvous. Wings subhyaline, the forewing with
a faint infuscation along its basal vein, subapically, and along its
apical margin.
Frma.e: Forewing 4 to 6 mm. long; frons mat, with very dense,
fine, weak, inconspicuous punctures.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; front tibia fulvous apically;
wings hyaline, the forewing with a broad conspicuous infuscation
along the basal vein and nervulus, and extending across the anal cell,
also infuscate in its apical third with a conspicuous hyaline area in the
basal 0.7 of the fourth cubital cell.
Ficure 47.—Localities for Priocnemts hestia.
SPECIMENS (23 co’, 26 2): From Connecticut (Soapstone Mount near
Somers and Stafford); District of Columbia; Maryland (Cabin John,
Glen Echo, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Forest Hills, South
Natick, and Woods Hole); New York (Farmingdale and Ithaca) ;
North Carolina (Nantahala Gorge at 3,000 ft.); Virginia (Chain
Bridge, Dead Run, Dunn Loring, and Falls Church); and West Vir-
ginia (Kanawha Station).
Dates of collection are distributed from May 26 to Sept. 11. Nearly
half of the collections were made in August. Five different collections
are labeled ‘‘in woods.”
This species occurs in woods in the Alleghenian fauna from Massa-
chusetts to North Carolina. The adult stage occurs in summer.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 99
Ficure 48.—Localities for Priocnemts cornica.
5. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) cornica (Say)
Pompilus (Miscus) cornicus Say, 1836, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 395,
9 (& misdetermined ?). Type: 9, Indiana (destroyed).
Pompilus (Miscus) conicus Leconte, 1859, in The complete writings of T. Say on
the entomology of the United States, vol. 2, p. 746 (emendation).
Pompilus (Priocnemis) pomilius Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 116, 9. Lectotype: 9, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Salius pompilius (!) Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum .. ., vol. 8,
p. 237 (misspelling).
Priocnemis pompilus (!) Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 245
(misspelling).
Ageniella eximia Banks, 1919, Canadian Ent., vol. 51, p. 83, @. Lectotype: 2,
Falls Church, Va., May 30, N. Banks (Cambridge).
Ageniella aludra Brimley, 1928. Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 43, p. 201,
oc. Type: o, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Maus: Forewing 3 to 4 mm. long; frons weakly mat, with close,
very fine, indistinct punctures; sixth sternite between its lateral hooks
smooth, with hairs to the apex; exposed part of subgenital plate
spatulate, about 2.3 as long as wide and covered with long, rather
sparse, strongly recurved hairs.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; apical half of middle and
hind femora often with a more or less extensive fulvous stain or mark;
wings weakly infuscate.
Ferman: Forewing 4 to 7 mm. long; frons mat, with very dense,
fine, weak, inconspicuous punctures.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; wings infuscate, the fore-
wing a little darker than the hind wing.
100 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Specimens (156<c7, 3059): From Alabama (Selma, Jackson, and
Tuscaloosa); Arizona (Globe, near Roosevelt Lake, and Tempe);
Arkansas (Bates, Galloway, Mount Magazine in the Ouachita Mts.,
and White River); California (Blythe, Needles, and San Antonio in
Santa Clara County); Colorado (Rifle); Connecticut (East Hartford) ;
District of Columbia; Florida (Bradentown, Myakka River State
Park, Orlando, and Punta Rassa); Georgia (Billys Island in the
Okefenokee Swamp, Cassville, and Spring Creek in Decatur County) ;
Illinois (Chicago); Iowa (Sioux City); Kansas (Baldwin, Lawrence,
Manhattan, Onaga, Randolph, St. George, Sheridan County, and
Smith County); Louisiana (Sabine River in Calcasieu County, and
Tallulah) ; Maryland (Burnt Mills, Glen Echo, and Laurel) ; Massachu-
setts (Boston, Cummington, Mount Greylock, and Provincetown) ;
Michigan (near Monroe, Oakland County, Port Austin, and Sand
Point in Huron County); Minnesota (Lancaster, Olmsted County,
fish hatchery at St. Peter, and Washington County); Mississippi
(Caryville, Holly Springs, Natchez, and Pass Christian); Missouri
(Jerseydale, St. Louis, and Springfield); New Brunswick (Nerepis) ;
New Hampshire (Gerrish and Pelham) ; New Jersey (Camden County,
Gloucester County, Maurice River at Vineland, Moorestown, and
Riverton); New Mexico (Las Vegas); New York (Fort Montgomery,
Gloversville, Ithaca, Long Beach on Long Island, McLean, Oswego,
and White Plains); North Carolina (Balsam Gap, Cedar Mountain,
Crabtree Meadows in Yancey County at 3,600 ft., Hamrick, Mount
Pisgah, Raleigh, Roan Mt., and Walnut); North Dakota (Fargo);
Ohio (Columbus, Franklin County, and Shaker Heights); Oregon
(Peoria); Ontario (Chatham and Ottawa); Pennsylvania (Bowmans-
dale, Harrisburg, Highspire, and Newtown); South Carolina (Colum-
bia and Florence); Texas (Bastrop County, Brazos County, Davis
Mts., Fedor, Galveston, Hidalgo, Liberty Hill, New Braunfels,
Orange, Port Isabel, Presidio, Richmond, Victoria, Wharton, Wil-
liamson County, and Wolfe City); Utah (Kanosh Flats); Vermont
(Rutland); Virginia (Arlington, Dunn Loring, Falls Church, Fort
Humphrey, and Vienna); Wisconsin (Muskego); and México (Hua-
chinango in Puebla and Nombre de Dios in Durango).
Collection dates are mostly from June to Oct. 15. In the vicinity
of the District of Columbia the earliest and latest dates are May 19
and Oct. 16. Unusually early and late dates elsewhere are: Mar. 28
at Myakka River State Park, Fla.; Apr. 1 to 7 at Needles, Calif.;
Apr. 2 at Presidio, Tex.; Apr. 17 near Roosevelt Lake, Ariz.; Apr. 25
at Kanosh Flats, Utah; Apr. 30 in Brazos County, Tex.; May 22 at
Tuscaloosa, Ala.; May 31 in Gloucester County, N. J.; June 5 at
Ithaca, N. Y.; Oct. 10 at Ottawa, Ontario; Oct. 21 at Sioux City,
Iowa; and Nov. 10 at Manhattan, Kans. Six specimens were taken
with prey by H. E. Evans, as follows: 9, with Zygoballus nervosus 9,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 101
K. Hartford, Conn., June 28, 1946; 9, with Pirata arenicola 9, E. Hart-
ford, Conn., Aug. 1, 1946; 9, with immature Hvarcha hoyi, E. Hartford,
Conn., Sept 2, 1947; 9, dragging a very young Lycosa on clay bank,
Riley County, Kans., Oct. 2, 1949; 9, on clay bank with immature
Pardosa &, Riley County, Kans., Oct. 16, 1949; 9, stinging an immature
Lycosa several times, including once on the back, Manhattan, Kans.,
Oct. 10, 1949. Flower records on the specimens before me comprise
Ranunculus californicus, Daucus carota, and Bifora americana. Seven
of the collections were made “‘on sand” and one ‘“‘in woods.”” My own
observations indicate that the usual habitat is rather bare ground in
the open, often somewhat sandy.
This species occurs in the entire United States and southern Canada.
The usual habitat is bare or rather sparsely covered ground in the
open. Adults occur from early summer to midfall.
6. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) minuscula (Banks), new combination
PuatTE 2, FIGURE 25
Agenia minuscula Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 110, &.
Type: o, Dallas, Tex. (Cambridge).
Maus: Forewing 3.1 to 4 mm. long; frons weakly mat, with small,
shallow, adjacent punctures; exposed part of subgenital plate spatulate,
as seen from below convex transversely and concave longitudinally,
with a single median row of long erect hairs, otherwise bare.
Ficure 49.—Localities for Priocnemis minuscula.
Black. Apical part of mandible, sometimes the underside of scape,
most of legs, much of first abdominal segment, all or most of the second
abdominal segment, and the basal part of the third segment fulvo-
ferruginous. The legs have the coxae basally to entirely, and the
trochanters sometimes infuscate. The fore tarsus apically, the middle
and hind tibiae at the base and apex or entirely, and all of the middle
and hind tarsi are more or less infuscate. The first abdominal segment
102 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
is infuscate basally and the second tergite is sometimes infuscate
medially. Wings subhyaline.
FrmMae: Forewing 3.8 to 4.2 mm. long; frons mat, with very fine,
close, and indistinct punctures; wings unusually short and narrow,
but functional.
Black. Mouthparts, apical half of clypeus, scape, pedicel, pro-
thorax, tegula, legs, and abdomen rufous; wings slightly infuscate,
the forewing with a strong but indefinite fuscous transverse band on
the basal vein and strongly infuscate from the level of the base of the
stigma to the apex, often somewhat less strongly infuscate beyond the
apex of the radial cell; apical part of hind wing somewhat infuscate.
The correctness of the association of the female with the male is
uncertain.
SPECIMENS: 92, Bloomington, Ill., July 8, 1909 (Ottawa). 9, Man-
hattan, Kans., Oct. 24, 1930, D. A. Wilbur (Manhattan). 9, Hamrick,
N.C., Aug. 29, 1950, H. Townes (Townes). <, Wallace, N. C., June
17, 1949, H. Townes (Townes). o’, Columbia, 8. C., Aug. 11, 1951,
G. F. Townes (Townes). 92, Dallas, Tex., June 3, 1911, H. Pinkus
(Washington). o (type), Dallas, Tex., Aug. 2, 1916, F. C. Bishopp
(Cambridge). 9, Liberty Hill, Tex., June 18, 1936, (Strandtmann).
The female collected at Hamrick, N. C., was found crawling along
the ground in the edge of a weedy field, unwilling to take flight, and
appearing much like an ant.
This species occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
7. Priocnemis (Priccnemis) abbreviatus, new species
Mate: Unknown.
FrMaLe: Body 4 mm. long; frons mat, with very fine punctures
separated by about their diameter; wings vestigial, the forewing about
1.6 mm. long, about 0.78 as long as the thorax.
Figure 50.—Locality for Priocnemts abbreviatus.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 103
Black. Mandible, apical margin of clypeus, most of scape and pedicel,
thorax except for some fuscous sutures, part of each coxa, apex and
more or less extensive suffusion of femora, tibiae, tarsi, and abdomen
except for broad apical margins of each segment dull ferruginous.
Type: 9, on dried mud, 10 miles west of Fort Davis, Tex., 5,000 ft.,
July 15 to 23, 1948, H. BE. Evans (Washington, USNM 61795).
8. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) nigriceps (Ashmead)
Myrmecosalius nigriceps Ashmead, 1903, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, p.
308, 9. Type: 9, Texas (Washington).
Mats: Forewing 3.2 to 4 mm. long; frons mat, with close, minute,
shallow punctures; exposed part of subgenital plate irregularly spatu-
late, its basal half with a large, flat, coarsely punctate, triangular area
with long erect hairs, its apical half polished, decurved, with a median
row of long erect hairs but otherwise bare.
Ficure 51.—Localities for Priocnemts nigriceps.
Black. Apical half of mandible, first abdominal segment except
basally, second abdominal segment entirely, and often the third ab-
dominal segment basally rufous; wings faintly infuscate.
It is not certain that this male is correctly associated with the
female.
Fema.e: Body 4.5 to 7 mm. long; frons mat, with very fine punctures
separated by about 0.5 their diameter; wings vestigial, the forewing
about 0.3 as long as the thorax.
Rufous. Head except for the clypeus and mouth parts black;
antenna rufous basally, the rest blackish; trochanters more or less
infuscate.
SPECIMENS: Go’, Sioux City, lowa, May 3, 1937, C. N. Ainslie (Wash-
ington) ; 9, Sioux City, Iowa, Aug. 8, 1928, C. N. Ainslie (Washington).
3, Manhattan, Kans., June 14, 1935, D. A. Wilbur (Manhattan).
9, Riley County, Kans., Oct. 6, J. B. Norton (Manhattan). 0,
104 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Brownsville, Tex., Nov. 2, 1943, I. Shiller (Washington). o, College
Station, Tex., Nov. 9, 1936 (College Station, Tex.). 69, Fedor, Lee
County, Tex., May 1910, May 14, 1902, Oct. 1908, Oct. and Nov.
1909, G. Birkmann (Cambridge). 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex., Oct.
1909, G. Birkmann (Ithaca). 9, Lee County, Tex., May 1908, G.
Birkmann (Cambridge). @ (type) Tex. (Washington). 9, no data
(Cambridge). o, no data (Manhattan).
9. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) notha (Cresson)
Matz: Forewing 4 to 6 mm. long; frons subpolished, with small
punctures that are separated by about 0.8 their diameter; sixth ster-
nite between its lateral hooks smooth; exposed portion of subgenital
plate oblanceolate to spatulate, about 2.5 as long as wide, subbasally
with a median erect compressed teeth or with a pair of teeth, parallel
ridges, or elongate tubercles; subgenital plate with a few erect hairs
basad of or between the teeth or tubercles but none beyond. There
is some tendency for the various forms of the subgenital plate charac-
teristic of different subspecies to intergrade in specimens from inter-
mediate areas.
FremMaue: Forewing 4.3 to 7.5 mm. long; frons subpolished, its
punctures separated by about 0.5 their diameter.
Both sexes are black with the wings uniformly infuscate and the
abdomen black, or partly to almost entirely red.
There are four subspecies, differing in the amount of black on the
abdomen and in the shape of the tooth on the male subgenital plate.
9a. Priccnemis (Priocnemis) notha navajo Banks, new status
Priocnemis navajo Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 15, 9. Type: 9, Apache
Camp, Santa Catalina Mts. at 5,500 ft., July 25, 1917, Ariz. (Cambridge).
Maze: Forewing 4 to 6 mm. long; exposed portion of subgenital
plate spatulate, about 2.5 as long as wide, medially with its edges
Ficurs 52.—Localities for Priocnemts notha navajo.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 105
raised as a pair of strong longitudinal parallel ridges or elongate
tubercles, between these ridges and basally with long erect hairs.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; wings infuscate.
The male of this subspecies is indistinguishable from that of P.
notha occidentis.
Frmaue: Forewing 4.5 to 7.5 mm. long; frons subpolished, with
rather coarse punctures separated by about 0.5 their diameter.
Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; wings strongly infuscate.
SPECIMENS (429): From Arizona (Mormon Lake and the Santa
Catalina Mts. at 5,500 ft., 6,000 ft., 7,500 to 8,500 ft., 8,000 ft., and
9,000 ft.); California (Berkeley, Buck Creek in Modoc County,
Carmel, Felton, Lands End in San Francisco County, Mount Love
in San Francisco County, Mokel Hill in Calaveras County, Mount
Tamalpais, Orick, hills back of Oakland, “Redwood” in Marin
County, San Bruno, San Rafael, San Mateo, Tracy, and Yorkville);
Colorado (Rabbit Ears Pass at 9,500 ft.); New Mexico (Cloudcroft
at 9,000 ft.); Oregon (Klamath Lake); Washington (Forks); and
México (meadow valley in the Sierra Madre).
Most dates of collection are in June through August, or in the
warmer parts of the range, from May 15 through August. Dates
outside of the latter range are: May 1 at Yorkville, Calif.; May 7 at
Berkeley, Calif.; Sept. 21 at Tracy, Calif.; Oct. 1 at Carmel, Calif.;
and Oct. 27 at Berkeley, Calif. A number of males collected together
with these females make an unquestionable association of the sexes,
but they are indistinguishable from males of the subspecies occidentis.
Some additional males from the same general area as the females
represent additional specific localities, but are not reported because
they do not in themselves give proof of the distribution of the
subspecies.
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian and Transition Zones from
the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains.
Sb. Priocnemis (Priecnemis) notha occidentis Banks
Priocnemis occidentis Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 172 [@ ].
Type: 9, Oregon (San Francisco).
Maur: Indistinguishable from the male of the subspecies navajo.
Frmaue: Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; tarsi more or less
stained with rufous; wings infuscate, averaging a little darker than
in the subspecies notha; abdomen rufous, the base of the first segment
blackish.
SPECIMENS (4692): From California (Angora Peak, Gold Lake in
Sierra County, Strawberry Valley in El Dorado County, and Upper
Echo Lake at 7,400 ft.); Oregon (Blooming, Brownsville, Corvallis,
and Warrenton); and Washington (Nahcotta and Puyallup).
Dates of collection are mostly in July, August, and September.
Their extreme range is June 5 to Sept. 29. A number of males col-
106 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 53.—Localities for Priocnemis notha occidentts.
lected together with these females make an unquestionable association
of the sexes, but they are indistinguishable from males of the sub-
species navajo. Some additional males from the same general area
as the females represent additional specific localities, but are not
reported because they do not in themselves give proof of the distribu-
tion of the subspecies.
This subspecies occurs in the Pacific States, mostly in the Transition
Zone. Adults occur mostly in middle and late summer and in early
fall.
9c. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) notha alaskensis, new subspecies
Mate: Forewing 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; median elevation on sub-
genital plate not as high as in the subspecies notha notha and longi-
tudinally divided so that there is a pair of teeth rather than a single
one.
Black. Apical half of mandible dusky rufous; wings rather weakly
infuscate; basal half of abdomen with obscure rufous stains.
Frmaue: Forewing 4.5mm.long. Black. Apical 0.65 of mandible
rufous; wings moderately infuscate; basal 0.4 of abdomen mostly
rufous.
Type: o’, 14 miles southwest of Circle, Alaska, June 25, 1948,
R. I. Sailer (Washington, USNM 61699).
PaRATYPES: 9, same data as the type (Washington). 2 0,
Norman Wells, Northwest Territory, July 20 and 22, 1949, W. R. M.
Mason (Evans). 2 o', Watson Lake, Yukon Territory, June 20, 1948,
W.R.M. Mason (Evans and Townes). 9, Whitehorse, Yukon Terri-
tory, July 11, 1948, W. R. M. Mason (Evans).
An additional specimen, not examined but believed to be this sub-
species is: 9, with prey (Paraphidippus marginatus), Norman Wells,
Northwest Territory, July 23, 1949, W. R. M. Mason (Ottawa).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 107
Ficure 54.—Localities for Priocnemis notha notha.
9d. Priocnemis (Priocnemis) notha notha (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) nothus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 118, 9. Type: 9, Connecticut (Norton collection, probably destroyed).
Cryptocheilus paeneparcus Viereck, 1906, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 202,
9. Type: 9, Douglas County at 900 ft., Kans. (Lawrence).
Mate: Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; front tibia, tarsus,
and apex of femur more or less fulvous; wings moderately infuscate;
basal half of abdomen rufous.
Fremaue: Black. Apical half of mandible rufous; wings infuscate;
abdomen rufous, blackish on the apical 0.35 and on the base of the
first segment.
Specimens (1407, 979): From Colorado (Granite Peaks Camp near
Bayfield at 9,000 ft., New Castle, and Steamboat Springs); Con-
necticut (Chapinville, Colebrook, East Haddam, and Kast Hartford) ;
District of Columbia; Georgia (Atlanta); lowa; Kansas (Douglas
County and Manhattan); Idaho (Hagerman); Indiana (Buck Creek
and Frankfort); Iowa (Ames); Manitoba (Winnipeg) ; Massachusetts
(Boston, Cummington, Forest Hills, Holliston, Needham, Wellesley,
Wollaston, and Woods Hole); Michigan (Thumb Lake in Charlevoix
County); Minnesota (Kittson County, Norman County, Ramsey
County, and Zumbra Heights in Carver County); New Brunswick
(Nerepis and St. Johns); New Hampshire (Hampton, Nelson, Pelham,
and Wolfboro); New York (Bear Mt., Buffalo, Chafee, Chatham,
Cliff Mt. in Essex County, East Aurora, Farmingdale, Grand Island,
Ithaca, Lake Placid, Lockport, Oswego, top of Mount MacIntyre,
Warrendale, and West Nyack); Ontario (Ottawa, Rockcliffe, and
Toronto); Pennsylvania (Northeast and Pittsburgh); Prince Edward
Island (Dalvay House in the Canadian National Park); Quebec
(Aylmer, 75 miles north of Hull, and Grosse Madeleine on the Gaspé) ;
108 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
and Virginia (Great Falls and Hardscrabble Knob in Augusta County).
Most dates of capture are in July, August, and September, though
there are a number earlier and later as follows: May 27 at Buck
Creek, Ind.; June 2 and June 13 at East Hartford, Conn.; June 6 at
Manhattan, Kans.; June 14 and 15 in Iowa; Oct. 3 at Hampton,
N. H.; Oct. 9 at Ottawa, Ontario; Oct. 10 at Great Falls, Va.;
Oct. 11 at Forest Hills, Mass.; and Oct. 23 at Washington, D. C.
This subspecies occurs in the Transition and Upper Austral Zones
from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains. Farther westward
it is replaced by other subspecies. Adults are common in the summer
and the first half of fall.
Genus Calicurgus Lepeletier
Calicurgus Lepeletier, 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres,
vol. 3, p. 397. Type: (Pompilus fasciatellus Spinola) = hyalinatus Fabricius;
designated by Kohl, 1884.
Caliadurgus Pate, 1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 72, p. 78. Type: Sphezx
hyalinata Fabricius; original designation. (For my reasons why the name
Caliadurgus is not adopted see U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, p.
915, 1951.)
Agreeing with the description of the genus Priocnemis except:
Forewing of Nearctic species 4.5 to 8.5 mm. long; pronotum very
short; fore tibia of female with a single, very stout, blunt, spinelike
bristle at its outer apical corner (this stout bristle is not present in
other Pepsini); cubitus reaching wing margin; nervulus at the basal
vein, or beyond it by less than 0.3 of its length; anal lobe subtriangular,
much of its posterior margin straight (pl. 1, fig. 8); dorsal edge of
hind tibia of female with a chevron-shaped row of teeth, of male
smooth; last segment of tarsus without preapical bristles beneath.
There is but one polytypic Nearctic species, which is considered
conspecific with the common Palaearctic C. hyalinatus. However,
the genus is well represented in the Neotropics. I have seen the types
of the Neotropic Priocnemis christophei Banks, Pricenemis (Cali-
curgus) doddsi Banks 1925, Calicurgus andicolus Banks 1946, Calicurgus
jocaste Banks 1946, Calicurgus loranthe Banks 1946, Calicurgus
marginatus Banks 1946, Calicurgus orijones Banks 1946, Calicurgus
quitus Banks 1946, Calicurgus rufigaster Banks 1946, Pompilus
(Priocnemis) impiger Cresson 1869, and Pompilus pulchellus Cresson
1865, and the oriental Priocnemis (Calicurgus) ariel Banks 1934.
All these and doubtless most of the other Neotropic species now
standing in Calicurgus are correctly placed in this genus. With such
a rich representation in the Neotropics, one could expect the eventual
discovery of additional Nearctic species along our southern border.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 109
1. Calicurgus hyalinatus Fabricius
Matz: Forewing 4.5 to 6.5 mm. long. Black. Tibial spurs and
a large spot on last tergite white; clypeus, hind margin of pronotum,
and apex of fore coxa marked with white in some subspecies; femora
and tibiae with various amounts of rufous; wings hyaline, the apical
margin of the forewing faintly infuscate.
Fema.e: Forewing 5.5 to 8.5 mm. long. Black. Femora, tibiae,
and abdomen with various amounts of rufous according to the sub-
species; wings hyaline, the forewing with a large subapical fuscous
spot and in some subspecies a narrow infuscation along the basal
vein and the apical margia weakly infuscate. In the subspecies
excoctus the subapical and the basal infuscate areas are confluent.
This species is Holarctic, with four subspecies in the Nearctic
Region. The typical subspecies (C. hyalinatus hyalinatus Fabricius
1793) has a wide range in the Palaearctic Region. It is rather similar
to the Nearctic C. hyalinatus borealis, differing in the male in the re-
duction or loss of the white markings on the clypeus, pronotum, and
fore coxa, and in the slightly different distribution of the rufous color
on the femora and tibiae; and differing in the female in having the
black on the legs averaging a little more extensive and in the forewing
a tendency toward more infuscation along the basal vein.
In the eastern half of the United States this is a conspicuous and
common species during middle and late summer among low dense
vegetation of moist woods.
Keys to the Nearctic subspecies of Calicurgus hyalinatus
MALES
1. Femora and tibiae of middle and hind legs entirely black.
ld. hyalinatus excoctus, new subspecies
Femora and tibiae of middle and hind legs more or less ferruginous. (Males
of the following three subspecies cannot be separated with certainty.)
la. hyalinatus borealis (Banks)
lb. hyalinatus alienatus (Smith)
lc. hyalinatus rupex (Cresson)
FEMALES
1. Abdomen entirely black; forewing with an infuscate spot that occupies more
than 0.5 its area; habitat: Arizona and New Mexico.
1d. hyalinaius excoctus, new subspecies
Abdomen with at least the basal two segments ferruginous; forewing with an
infuscate spot that occupies about 0.25 its area (pl. 1, fig.8)...... 2
2. Hind femur more than half infuscate or entirely black; habitat: Canadian Zone.
la. hyalinatus borealis (Banks)
Hind femur less than half infuscate to entirely rufous. ......... 3
347756—57 8
110 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Abdomen black or infuscate apically; hind tibia with some infuscation at its
apical 0.25; habitat: Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas.
1b. hyalinatus alienatus (Smith)
Abdomen entirely rufous; hind tibia entirely rufous except for a little darken-
ing on its apical 0.1; habitat: Maryland and Kansas to México.
lc. hyalinatus rupex (Cresson)
Ficure 55.—Localities for Calicurgus hyalinatus borealis.
la. Calicurgus hyalinatus borealis (Banks)
Priocnemis alienatus borealis Banks, 1933, Pysche, vol. 40, p. 10 [92]. Lectotype:
9, Stony Brook Reservoir, Mass., June 21, 1925 (Cambridge).
Mate: Black. Palpi brown; mandible variably colored with
white, brown, and black; clypeus with the apical edge and a connect-
ing pair of large lateral spots white; hind margin of pronotum, usually
the front apex of the fore coxa, and an indistinct spot on apex of
fore tibia behind, white; femora, tibiae, and front and middle tarsi
fulvous to light brown, the femora basally infuscate and the middle
and hind tibiae, especially the hind, more or less infuscate basally
and apically; hind tarsus dark brown. The extent of basal infusca-
tion on the femora varies from a narrow basal ring to more than
0.6 the length. The infuscation is usually most extensive on the front
femur.
FrMae: Black. Mandible with its apical 0.4+ dull rufous; apices
of femora and of tibiae with dull rufous stains; hind femur varying
from half rufous and the rest rufo-fuscous or blackish to entirely
black except usually for an apical rufous stain; hind tibia often ex-
tensively stained with rufous; abdomen with the basal two to three
segments rufous, the base of the first segment black. Wings sub-
hyaline, the forewing with the typical fuscous markings, including a
distinct fuscous mark over the basal vein.
This is the northernmost Nearctic subspecies and the one closest
to the Palaearctic subspecies hyalinatus hyalinatus. It and the
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 111
neighboring subspecies in the Transition and Upper Austral Zones
(hyalinatus alienatus) intergrade freely and collections from localities
bordering between Canadian and Transition usually contain speci-
mens assignable (on the division adopted here) to both subspecies.
SpeciMENS (6192): From British Columbia (Revelstoke and Steel-
head); Maine (Bangor, Brooksville, Lincoln County, Monroe, and
Orono); Massachusetts (Cummington, Newton Center, Sagamore,
and Stony Brook Reserve); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Roscommon
County, and Sand Point in Huron County); Minnesota (Lake Itasca
and Marshall County); New Brunswick (Tabusintac); New Hamp-
shire (Tuckerman’s Ravine on Mount Washington); New York
(Chaffee, Buffalo, Fort Montgomery, Gardiners Island, Ithaca,
Jamaica south on Long Island, Mount Whiteface at 2,000 to 4,000
ft., Port Jefferson on Long Island, Tottenville on Staten Island, and
Woodhaven); Nova Scotia (Kings County and Middle River on Cape
Breton Island); Ontario (Gananoque, Merivale, Orillia, Ottawa,
Simcoe, and Sudbury); Quebec (Aylmer, Hemmingford, Joliette, and
St. Anne); Prince Edward Island (Alberton); and Washington
(Seattle and Westport). Collection dates are mostly from June 22
to the end of August. Those outside of this range are: June 9 at
Woodhaven, Long Island, N. Y.; Sept. 3 at Tuckerman’s Ravine on
Mount Washington, N. H.; Sept. 19 at Seattle, Wash.; and Sept. 25
at Orono, Maine. A number of males collected within the range of
this subspecies are not reported here because only their locality data
would permit a definite assignment to a subspecies.
This subspecies is transcontinental in the Canadian Zone and the
cooler parts of the Transition Zone. The flight period is mostly from
June 22 to Aug. 31.
ib. Calicurgus hyalinatus alienatus (Smith)
PuateE 1, FIGURE 8
Pompilus fascipennis Say, 1824, In Keating, Narrative of an expedition to the
source of St. Peter’s River . . . , vol. 2 (appendix), p. 332, 9 (preoccupied).
Type: 2 United States (destroyed).
Pompilus alienatus Smith, 1855, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the
. British Museum, vol. 3, p. 159 (mew name).
Pompilus (Agenia) calcaratus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p.
128, #@. Type: o&, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia).
Salius fasciipennis Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 8, p. 223
(emendation).
Mate: Colored as in the subspecies borealis except for an average
smaller extent of infuscation on the femora and tibiae.
Fremae: Black. Mandible with its apical 0.5+ dull rufous; apices
of front and middle tibiae and sometimes stains on the front and
middle tibiae dull fulvous; hind femur and tibia rufous, the femur
112 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
fuscous at the base and sometimes diffusely infuscate on up to half
its area (if more extensively infuscate, the specimen is assigned
to the subspecies borealis); hind tibia more or less infuscate basally
and apically, always with at least a faint infuscation on the inner side
near its apical 0.25; abdomen rufous, blackish at the base and black
to rufo-fuscous beyond the third segment. Wings subhyaline, the
forewing with the usual subapical and apical infuscation and with
or without a weak infuscation along the basal vein.
This subspecies occupies typically the Alleghenian and Carolinian
faunal areas. At the northern and southern edges of its range it
intergrades freely with the subspecies borealis and rupex respectively,
and occasional individuals with the typical coloration of these two
occur well within the range of the present subspecies.
Figure 56.—Localities for Calicurgus hyalinatus alienatus.
SPECIMENS (2389): From Alabama (Pyriton); Alberta (Scandia) ;
Connecticut (Colebrook, East Haddam, East Hartford, Lyme,
Milford, and Stafford); District of Columbia; Georgia (Atlanta
and Rockmart); Illinois (Chicago); Indiana (Oaklandon and Vin-
cennes); Iowa; Kansas (Baldwin, Coffey County, Douglas County,
Manhattan, and Marion County); Maryland (Takoma Park); Maine
(Belfast and Southport); Massachusetts (Blue Hills, Cheshire, Cum-
mington, Holliston, Windsor, and Woods Hole); Michigan (Ann
Arbor); Minnesota (Crookston, Floodwood, Houston, Itasca Park,
Lake Itasca, Norman County, Olmsted County, Ortonville, and
Princeton); New Hampshire (Hampton and Pelham); New Jersey
(Adele, Burlington County, Camden County, Englewood, Hartford,
Moorestown, Rancocas, and Riverton); New York (Alleghany State
Park, Babylon, Bemus Point, Browns Mills, Cold Spring Harbor,
Coram, East Aurora, Gowanda, Ithaca, Lake Placid, Lakeside Park,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 113
northwestern Long Island, Orient, Oswego, Rochester, Sea Cliff,
Seneca County, Silver Bay, Spring Brook, Waterport, and Willow-
emoc); North Dakota (Bottineau and Devils Lake); North Carolina
(Balsam Mt. at 3,315 ft., Black Mt., Clinton, Crabtree Meadows in
Yancey County at 3,600 ft., Elizabethtown, Hamrick, Raleigh,
Southern Pines, and Wallace); Ohio (Columbus, Logan County,
Portage Lakes, Put in Bay, and Sugar Grove); Ontario (East Sister
Island, Merrivale, Orillia, Ottawa, Point Pelee, and Ridgeway);
Pennsylvania (Campbell, Camphill, Carlisle, Carlisle Junction,
Eberlys Mill, Enola, Germantown, Inglenook, Linglestown, Mount
Holly Springs, North East, Philadelphia, Rockville, Roxborough,
Shiremanstown, Spring Brook, and York County); Quebec (Chambly,
Montreal Island, and Quebec); South Carolina (Greenville and near
Tigerville); Virginia (Arlington, Dunn Loring, Falls Church, Glen-
carlyn, Great Falls, and Rosslyn); and West Virginia (Terra Alta).
Collection dates are mostly between May 20 and Sept. 20, those
outside of this range being: Apr. 16 at Southern Pines, N. C.; May 1,
8, and 17 at Raleigh, N. C.; May 8 near Tigerville, S. C.; May 11
at Rockmart, Ga.; Sept. 23 at Germantown, Pa.; Sept. 24 at River-
ton, N. J.; Sept. 30 at Hampton, N. H.; Oct. 3 at Enola, Pa.; and
Oct. 6 at Greenville, S. C., and in Montgomery County, Md. Flower
records comprise Sambucus canadensis and Pastinaca sativa. One
female was taken with an immature of the subfamily Araneinae.
A large number of meles collected within the range of this subspecies
are not reported because only their locality data would permit a
definite assignment to a subspecies.
This subspecies occupies the Alleghenian, Carolinian, and part of
the Austroriparian fauna. Adults occur from late spring to early fall.
Ile. Calicurgus hyalinatus rupex (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) rupex Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12,
p. 372, 9. Type: 9, Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
Pompilus (Agenia) calcaratus var. accolens Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist., vol. 12, p. 374, @. Lectotype: =, Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
Mats: Colored as in the subspecies borealis except that the extent
of infuscation on the femora and tibiae averages smaller.
FEMALE: Black. Colored as in the subspecies alienatus but with
the abdomen beyond the third segment rufous, the hind femur and
tibia ferruginous except for a narrow infuscate ring at the base of the
femur and faint infuscations at the apical 0.1 of the femur and tibia.
None of the specimens at hand have an infuscation over the basal vein.
This subspecies occurs in the Lower Austral Zone from the Atlantic
to the 100th meridian and south to Orizaba, México. Occasional
114 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 57.—Localities for Calicurgus hyalinatus rupex.
individuals with the coloration of rupex occur well within the range of
the subspecies alienatus.
SPECIMENS: 9, DeWitt, Ga., June 2, 1915, C. S. Spooner (Ithaca).
2, Baldwin, Kans., Aug. 31, 1906, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 9,
Cabin John, Md., Aug. 12, 1917, Fouts (Washington). 2, Biltmore,
N. C., June 26, 1912 (Washington). 9, Devils River, Tex., May 5,
1907, F.C. Bishopp (Washington). 29, New Braunfels, Tex., June 27,
1917 (Cambridge). 9, Pierce, Tex., Mar. 22, 1907, J. D. Mitchell
(Washington). 9, Texas, Belfrage (Washington). o (type of
accolens), 2 (type of rupex), Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
This subspecies occurs in México, in the Austroriparian fauna and as
occasional specimens in the Carolinian fauna.
Id. Calicurgus hyalinatus excoctus, new subspecies
Maus: Black. Apical part of mandible ferruginous; palpi and middle
tarsus dark brown; front tarsus and front of front tibia tan; hind
margin of pronotum with a white band; tibial spurs and a spot on rear
apex of front tibia white.
Fremaue: Black. Wings hyaline, the forewing with a large fuscous
cloud extending from just basad of the basal vein to the apex of the
third cubital cell (the area between the basal vein and the level of the
stigma somewhat paler in the paratype); apical margin of forewing
lightly infuscate. The paratype from near Cuernavaca has the
forewing almost entirely black, but with a well-marked subapical
subhyaline crescent, and the hind wing weakly infuscate.
Type: 9, Manzano National Forest, N. Mex., Sept. 12, 1916,
C. Heinrich (Washington, USNM 61700).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 115
Ficure 58.—Localities for Calicurgus hyalinatus excoctus.
ParatyPeEs: 2, Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 8, 1932, J.D. Beamer
(Lawrence). 9, on forest floor, 15 miles north of Cuernavaca at 7,500
ft., Morelos, México, June 26, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, El
Salto, Durango, México, Aug. 3, 1951, P. D. Hurd (Berkeley). o,
San Juan Lagos, Jalisco, México, July 27, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans).
Genus Dipogon Fox
Small sized, stout species, the forewing 2.3 to 10 mm. long; clypeus
broad and short; mandible with 3 teeth, counting the apical point (in
all other Nearctic Pepsinae, the mandible has only 2 teeth); cardo of
maxilla of female with a fascicle of long hairs curving to and approxi-
mately reaching base of mandible (this fascicle is lacking or undevel-
oped in all other Psammocharidae); pronotum long, flat, its hind
margin arcuate; second intercubital vein curved, oblique; second
recurrent vein reaching second cubital cell at its basal 0.3 to 0.45;
cubital vein reaching the wing margin in all species but those of the
pulchripennis group; base of first discoidal cell without an irregularity
in the wing membrane; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.2 to
0.3 its length; nervellus ending some distance before the juncture of
cubitella with discoidella; anal lobe about 0.35 as long as submediella
(pl. 1, figs. 9, 10); hind tibia smooth dorsally, the brush on its inner
side moderately broad, without a subapical constriction; last segment
of tarsi without preapical bristles; tooth on tarsal claws small, erect,
and acute.
The species of Dipogon probably all nest in holes in wood. The
females of the subgenus Deuteragenia are taken most often on stumps
and the trunks of dead trees, while those of the subgenus Dipogon are
more frequent on smalier twigs and branches. The dark bands on the
116 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
forewing of most species give the appearance of the node and gaster
of the Formicidae, and when seen running on trunks or twigs indi-
viduals of these species look very much like specimens of Camponotus.
The two subgenera are easily distinguished.
Key to the subgenera of Dipogon
1. Second cubital cell about as long as the third (pl. 1, fig. 9); maxillary beard of
female brown to blackish... . . . Deuteragenia (p. 116)
Second cubital cell about 1.3 as long as the fied a 1, fig. 10); maxillary beard
of female white to stramineous. ...... . . . Dipogon § (p. 131)
Subgenus Deuteragenia Sustera
Agenia Schigdte, 1837, Kréyer’s Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, vol. 1, p. 321 (pre-
occupied). Type: Sphex variegata Linnaeus; designated by Westwood, 1840.
Anoplius Lepeletier, 1845, Histoire naturelle des insectes, hyménoptéres, vol. 3,
p. 440 (preoccupied). Type: (Anoplius variegatus Linden) = variegatus
Linnaeus; designs.isd by Pate, 1946.
Pogonius Dahlbom, 1845, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 453 (preoccupied).
Type: Sphex variegata Linnaeus; designated by Pate, 1946.
Deuteragenia Sustera, 1913, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 72, p. 191 (new name
for Agenia Schigdte).
Forewing 4.5 to 10 mm. long; maxillary beard of female brown to
blackish; second cubital cell about as long as the third cubital cell
(pl. 1, fig. 9).
This subgenus is largely Holarctic in distribution, but is represented
also in the Neotropics. It contains the larger species of the genus.
There are two species groups, as indicated in the keys and the group
descriptions.
Keys to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Deuteragenia
MALES
(The males of nubifer, duplicatus, thoracicus, iracundus, sericeus, and
nigrior are unknown.)
1. Cubital vein not reaching the wing margin (pl. 2, figs. 26, 27); radial vein not
more strongly angled at its juncture with the second intercubital vein than
at its juncture with the third intercubital vein; hooks on sixth sternite short
and pointed backward; subgenital plate bulbous basally, with a long PEN
point. PULCHRIPENNIS GROUP. . . 2
Cubital vein reaching the wing margin ar 1, ae. ig: pl 2, a 28): racial vein
distinctly more strongly angled at its ancien with the second intercubital
vein than at its juncture with the third intercubital vein; hooks on sixth
sternite long and incurved; subgenital plate with a median longitudinal keel
which is highest subbasally. VARIEGATUS GROUP. .......... 5
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI EZ.
. Flagellar segments without a distinct subbasal angulation; first flagellar
segment about 2.2 as long as wide; basal vein margined with fuscous; point
of subgenital plate with a broad longitudinal groove beneath.
1. pulchripennis (Cresson)
Flagellar segments each with a strong subbasal angulation on the inner and
lower sides; first flagellar segment about 1.5 as long as wide; basal vein not
margined with fuscous; point of subgenital plate without a groove, convex
beneath. SUBSPECIES OF PAPAGO .. . 2, MESSRS COO NTE OL 8
. Forewing rather strongly infuscate; range: Florida.
2c. papageo floridanus, new subspecies
Forewing hyaline, with or without a fuscous spot. . .. . EAP E 2k ve
. Forewing with a large, distinct, fuscous spot; range: eastern Unived States and
Canadar. 200% . .. . . 2b. papago anomalus Dreisbach
Forewing subhyaline, Coan es apie third faintly infuscate; habitat: British
Columbia to Arizona... . . . . . 2a, papago papago (Banks)
. Subgenital plate pointed at the ee HOGES on sixth sternite slender.
3. calipterus (Say)
Subgenital plate with a deep notch in its apex; hooks on sixth sternite stout.
7. sayi Banks
FEMALES
. Cubital vein not reaching the wing margin (pl. 2, figs. 26, 27); radial vein not
more strongly angled at its juncture with the second intercubital vein than
at its juncture with the third intercubital vein; clypeus with a small median
apical transverse impression. PULCHRIPENNIS GROUP. . . 2
Cubital vein reaching the wing margin (pl. 1, fig. 9; pl. 2, fig. 28); ae vein
distinctly more strongly angled at its ore with the second intercubital
vein than at its ae with the third intercubital vein. VARIEGATUS
GHOUEL-. 5s ee ere
. Forewing hyaline, pith a narrow Gate conspicuous econ band ions the basal
vein and nervulus, as well as a broad fuscous band beyond the middle of
the stigma (pl. 2, fig. 26). .... . . . 1. pulchripennis (Cresson)
Forewing black, or adine with a broad aoe area at the level of the stigma
but without a fuscous band along the basal vein and nervulus. Subspecies
of papago ... 3
. Forewing hyaline, amine a broad faceouae area bevend the Raed Gi 2, fig. 27); :
range: eastern United States and Canada.
2b. papago anomalus Dreisbach
Forewing uniformly blackish . ... . Peg Sb as A
. Punctures on mesopleuron separated by anon 0. 2 hem diemetee: punctures
on second abdominal tergite separated by about 1.2 their diameter; range:
British Columbia to Arizona. ... . . . 2a. papago papago (Banks)
Punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 0.7 their diameter; punctures
on second abdominal nTPHE separated by about 3.0 their diameter; range:
POWER yg ca .... . 2¢. papago fioridanus, new rae
. Body clothed with very Noweee appressed, grey to yellowish pubescense which
gives a hoary appearance; tip of forewing whitish . . . 6. sericeus Banks
Body clothed with moderately dense, appressed, grey pubescence which is
rather inconspicuous; tip of forewing subhyaline. . . . ST nO
. Clypeus with a strong, broad, transverse preapical i eter scant lees, scape, and
thorax blackish. SUBSPECIES OF SAYI... . UM etc sh ad
Clypeus without, or with a small weak transverse apical: impression; legs,
scape, and often the thorax more or less rufous ........... 8
118 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
7. Wings less extensively infuscate, about 0.3 of the first brachial cell and about
0.6 of the second discoidal cell infuscate (pl. 1, fig. 9); range: east of the
Rocky Mountains. ... . . . 7a. sayi sayi Banks
Wings more extensively paEeonte! Boer 0. 6 ee he first brachial cell and about
0.85 of the second discoidal cell infuscate (pl. 2, fig. 28); range: Rocky
Mountains to the Pacific. . ... . . 7b. sayi migrior, new subspecies
8. Punctures on posteromedian part of propodeum separated by about 2.5 their
diameter; punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 0.7 their diameter;
thorax black or rufous. SUBSPECIES OF CALIPTERUS..... . ‘ 9
Punctures on posteromedian part of propodeum separated by about 0. 4 their
diameter; punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 0.2 their diameter;
thorax rufous ... ‘ hit teh taceyey RL.
9. Thorax rufous; range: Florida. 3c. calinteriia duplicaina, new subspecies
Thorax; black j.fesvepets: mhucines gL O
10. Front coxa black; range: Bern United Giatea Se Blaricla|
3a. calipterus calipterus (Say)
Front coxa ferruginous; range: México and southern California.
3b. calipterus nubifer (Cresson)
11. First tergite blackish; coxae blackish to dusky rufous; clypeus without a
median subapical swelling; punctures of mesopleuron weak and indistinct.
4. thoracicus, new species
First tergite rufous; coxae rufous; clypeus with a weak median subapical swell-
ing; punctures of mesopleuron sharp and distinct (though small and close).
5. iracundus, new species
PULCHRIPENNIS GROUP
Cubital vein not quite reaching the wing margin; radial vein not
more strongly angled at its juncture with the second intercubital vein
than at its juncture with the third intercubital vein; clypeus of female
with a median, transverse, subapical impression; hooks on sixth
sternite of male short and pointed backward; subgenital plate of male
bulbous basally, tapered to a long point apically.
The Nearctic pulchripennis and papago are the only known species
of this group.
1. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) pulchripennis (Cresson)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 26
Pompilus (Agenia) pulchripennis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 123, #7, 9. Lectotype: 9, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Maus: Forewing 5.3 to 6.5 mm. long; flagellar segments subcylindric
and unusually long, without the angular swellings usual to this genus;
first segment of flagellum about 2.2 as long as wide; mesopleuron a
little more finely and densely punctate than in D. papago anomalus;
apical 0.6 of subgenital plate somewhat flattened below and with a
median longitudinal groove.
Black. Wings subhyaline, the forewing with a narrow infuscation
along the basal vein and nervulus, and with a large subapical fuscous
area.
Femae: Forewing 7 to 10 mm. long; clypeus with a sharp median
transverse impression that is so near the apical margin that the margin
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 119
appears to have a median thickening; punctures on mesopleuron
separated by about 0.3 their diameter; punctures on second abdominal
tergite separated by about 2.0 their diameter.
Black. Wings subhyaline, with a conspicuous fuscous band along
the basal vein and nervulus, and a large fuscous area beyond the
middle of the stigma.
Figure 59.—Localities for Dipogon pulchripennts.
Specimens: 9, Mount Lemmon, Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz.,
Aug. 2 to 4, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Bay County, Mich.,
Sept. 21, 1940, R. R. Dreisbach (Cambridge). 9, in woods, Ithaca,
N. Y., June 18, 1947, H. E. Evans (Evans). o’, on tree trunk,
Ithaca, N. Y., June 22, 1947, H. E. Evans (Townes). 20%, Ithaca,
N. Y., June 27, 1947, H. E. Evans (Evans). <, Ithaca, N. Y., July 5,
1947, H. E. Evans (Evans). o’, Ithaca, N. Y., July 22, 1890 (Ithaca).
9, Ithaca, N. Y., July 27, 1947, H. E. Evans (Townes). 9, New
Russia, Essex County, N. Y., Aug. 18, 1912, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca).
Q, Niagara Falls, N. Y., July 3, 1910, M. C. Van Duzee (Cambridge).
9, top of Mount MacIntyre, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1940, H. Dietrich (Ithaca).
9, Upper Ausable Lake, Essex County, N. Y., July 30, 1920 (Cam-
bridge). 9, Kill Devil Hill, N. C., May 28, 1948, K. V. Krombein
(Krombein). 7, Grimsby, Ontario, July 15, 1894 (Ottawa). 9, Rut-
land, Vt., Aug. 1 to 15, 1916 (Cambridge). @ (type), West Virginia
(Philadelphia). 9, Sawyer County, Wis., Aug. 1 to 8, 1937, D. Murray
(St. Paul).
This is a woodland species, occurring in the Canadian and Transition
Zones of the eastern states and provinces and in the Canadian Zone
of Arizona.
2. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago (Banks)
Mats: Forewing 5 to 7 mm. long; flagellar segments short, on the
inner and under sides of each segment an angular subbasal swelling
120 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
which gives the flagellum a notched or stepped appearance; first
flagellar segment about 1.5 as long as wide; apical 0.6 of subgenital
plate a compressed point, without a median groove.
Black. Wings variously marked, according to the subspecies.
Fema: Forewing 6 to 9 mm. long; clypeus with a subapical,
median, transverse impression that is a little weaker and farther from
the apex than in D. pulchripennis.
Black. Wings fuscous or subhyaline with a fuscous area, according
to the subspecies.
This species is represented by three subspecies which together occur
in southern Canada and in most of the United States.
2a. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago papago (Banks)
Deuteragenia papago Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40,p. 17, 9. Type: 9, southern
Arizona (Cambridge).
Mate: Wings hyaline, the apical third of the forewing faintly
infuscate.
Ficure 60.—Localities for Dipogon papago papago.
Frema.e: Punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 0.2 their
diameter; punctures on second tergite separated by about 1.5 their
diameter; wings blackish.
SPECIMENS: 9 (type), southern Arizona, J. Bequaert (Cambridge).
20, Vancouver, British Columbia, July 4, 1939, W. G. Mathers
(Ottawa). 9, British Columbia, July 27, 1898 (Ottawa).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI er
Figure 61.—Localities for Dipogon papago anomalus.
2b. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago anomalus Dreisbach
PLATE 2, FIGURE 27
Dipogon anomalus Dreisbach, 1953, Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 49, p. 834, #. Type:
o', Cohasset, Mass. (Cambridge).
Mate: Wings hyaline, the forewing with a subapical area and its
apical margin infuscate.
FEMALE: Punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 0.4
their diameter; punctures on second abdominal tergite separated by
about 1.5 their diameter; wings subhyaline, the forewing with a large
infuscate area just beyond the middle of the stigma, the apex of both
fore and hind wing weakly infuscate.
A female specimen from Columbia, S. C. (July 18, 1951, G. F.
Townes, Townes Collection) is exactly intermediate between this sub-
species and the subspecies floridanus.
SpecIMENS (10, 409): From Connecticut (East Hartford and
Wallingford); District of Columbia; lowa (Ames); Kansas (Manhat-
tan); Kentucky (Mammoth Cave National Park); Maine (Mount
Katahdin at 5,215 ft. and Orono); Maryland (Cabin John, Glen Echo,
and Plummers Island); Massachusetts (Cohasset and Forest Hills);
Michigan (Midland County); Missouri (St. Louis); New Hampshire
(Hampton); New York (Bohemia, Ithaca, and top of Mount Mac-
Intyre); North Carolina (Durham); Ohio; Ontario (Grimsby); Penn-
sylvania (Linglestown, North Cumberland, State College, West
Chester, and West Fairview); Rhode Island (Buttonwoods); South
Carolina (near Tigerville); Texas (Brazos County); Vermont (Wood-
stock); and Virginia (Alexandria, Arlington, and Great Falls).
122 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Dates of collection are distributed from midspring to midfall, with
apparent peaks of abundance in June and in September. Unusually
early and late dates are: May 8 near Tigerville, S. C.; May 22 at
Great Falls, Va.; May 28 on Plummers Island, Md.; Oct. 15 at State
College, Pa., and at Arlington, Va.; and Oct. 24 in Brazos County,
Tex. Other biological data with these specimens state that two dif-
ferent collections were made in woods; that a male emerged on Mar.
25 from material collected on Feb. 27 at North Cumberland, Pa., by
Kirk and Champlain; that a male emerged on June 2 from Carya
wood collected at Linglestown, Pa., by W. 5. Fisher; that a male and
a female emerged in June from Carya wood collected at Forest Hills,
Mass.; that a male emerged from Fagus grandifolia wood collected at
Durham, N. C., by Wm. Haliburton and J. A. Beal; and that a female
from Manhattan, Kans., was taken by H. E. Evans while trans-
porting prey (Paraphidippus aurantius) over a dried stream bed.
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian, Transition, and Upper
Austral Zones from the Atlantic to the 100th meridian. It occurs in
woodlands and nests in dead wood. Adults are on the wing from
midspring to midfall.
2c. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago floridanus, new subspecies
Mauu: Forewing moderately infuscate, a little more hyaline basally
and between the basal vein and the stigma; hind wing subhyaline
with its apical part weakly infuscate.
Ficure 62.—Localities for Dipogon papago floridanus.
Fremaue: Punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 0.7 their
diameter; punctures on second tergite separated by about 3.0 their
diameter; wings blackish.
Typr: 9, Osceola County, Fla., Aug. 17, 1929, J. J. Kirkland
(Washington, USNM 61690).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 123
Paratypss: 9, Artesia, Fla., July 26, 1944, (College Station, Tex.).
o', Gainesville, Fla., Apr. 23, 1924, G. B. Merrill (Krombein). Q,
Interlachen, Fla., Apr. 2, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9,
Orange County, Fla., May 16, 1929, E. Storrs (Washington). Q,
Orange County, Fla., July 5, 1929, G. J. Guard (Washington). 2 0,
Paradise Key, Fla., Apr. 22 and 23, 1954, K. V. Krombein (Krombein).
3’, Pinellas County, Fla., 12-11-29,” B. P. Moora (Washington). 9,
Sanford, Fla., Feb. 1900, C. F. Baker (Washington). 2 9, Seminole
County, Fla., July 7 and 17, 1929, H. Clark (Washington). 2 0,
Tarpon Springs, Fla., Mar. 21, 1950, H. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies is known from Florida. A specimen intermediate
to the subspecies anomalus is known from Columbia, S. C., indicating
that floridanus may be more widespread in the Austroriparian fauna.
VARIEGATUS GROUP
Cubital vein reaching the wing margin; radial vein more strongly
angled at its juncture with the second intercubital vein than at its
juncture with the third intercubital vein; hooks on sixth sternite of
male long and incurved; subgenital plate of male with a strong median
longitudinal keel.
The Palaearctic variegatus Linnaeus 1758, the Nearctic calipterus,
thoracicus, iracundus, sericea, and sayi, and a species from Paraguay
belong to this group.
3. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calipterus (Say)
Mate: Forewing 5.0 mm. long; clypeus evenly rounded to the
simple, truncate apex; flagellar segments each with an angular sub-
basal swelling which gives the flagellum a notched or stepped appear-
ance; first segment of flagellum about 2.4 as long as wide; hooks on
sixth sternite long, slender, curved inward and backward; subgenital
plate with a pointed apex and a high sharp keel that is highest sub-
basally.
Fremate: Forewing 5.7 to 7.4 mm. long; clypeus evenly rounded to
the simple, almost truncate apex; mesoscutum weakly mat, with fine
sharp punctures; mesopleuron subpolished, with small punctures
separated by about 0.5 their diameter; propodeum medially sub-
polished, with small punctures separated by about 2.5 their diameter;
second tergite subpolished, with small punctures separated by about
2.0 their diameter.
Black. Mandible except basally, apical margin of clypeus, and
antenna fulvous, the antenna somewhat infuscate apically; legs more
or less rufous, according to the subspecies; thorax blackish or rufous;
wings hyaline, the forewing with two sharply defined transverse
fuscous bands, a narrow one along the basal vein and nervulus and a
124 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
broad one beyond the middle of the stigma; apical margin of forewing
and apical part of hind wing weakly infuscate.
This species is represented by three subspecies occurring in the
eastern United States, in México, and in southern California.
3a. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calipterus calipterus (Say)
Pompilus calipterus Say, 1836, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. 1, p. 302 (Leconte
edition, vol. 2, p. 744, [9]. Type: 9, Indiana (destroyed).
Deuteragenia pilosa Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 16, 9. Type: 9, Lafayette,
Ind. (Cambridge).
Dipogon femur-aureus Dreisbach, 1953. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 49, p. 832, 9
(new synonymy). Type: 9, Alto Pass, Ill. (Urbana).
Ficure 63.—Localities for Dipogon calipterus calipterus.
Mate: Under side of antenna, apical half of mandible, front tibia
and tarsus, and middle tarsus except basally and apically, dusky
fulvous; hind tarsus and front of front femur tinged with fulvous.
Frma.e: Thorax blackish; front leg beyond the trochanter fer-
ruginous; middle and hind tarsi largely rufous; rest of legs blackish
with rufous tinges. In one specimen the hind side of the front
femur is dark brown rather than rufous.
The type of the name femur-aureus, from Alto Pass, Lll., is inter-
mediate to the subspecies duplicatus, having the thorax blackish but
the legs colored as in duplicatus.
SPECIMENS: Qo’, 9, reared from cocoons in pith, Washington, D. C.,
mid-May 1935, J. C. Bridweil (Washington). 9 (type of pilosa),
Lafayette, Ind. (Cambridge). 9, Camden County, N. J., June 28,
1891 (Washington). 9, Cedar Mt., N. C., Sept. 5, 1939, H. Townes
(Townes). 9, Philadelphia, Pa. (Washington). 9, Dunn Loring
(near Vienna), Va., July 29, 1951, K. V. Krombein (Krombein).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 125
Ficure 64.—Locality for Dipogon calipterus nubifer.
3b. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calipterus nubifer (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) nubifer Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 12,
p. 374, 9. Lectotype: 9, Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
Mate: Unknown.
Frma.e: Thorax black; front leg entirely rufous; middle and hind
legs blackish with rufous tinges on the tarsi and at some of the joints.
SpEcIMENS: 9, Garden Grove, Calif., Dec. 1928 (Washington).
Q (lectotype), Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
3c. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calipterus duplicatus, new subspecies
Mate: Unknown.
Frema.eE: Thorax rufous; front leg rufous; middle leg rufous, its
femur mostly or apically infuscate, its tibia fuscous, and its tarsus
Ficure 65.—Localities for Dipogon calipterus duplicatus.
847756—57T——9
126 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
infuscate basally and apically; hind coxa and trochanter rufous, the
rest of the hind leg fuscous tinged with rufous, the hind femur basally
almost clear rufous.
Type: 2, Orlando, Fla., Mar. 1944, R. and G. Bohart (Washington,
USNM 61794).
PaRatyPeE: 9, Thomasville, Ga., Mar. 28, 1950 (Krombein).
4. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) thoracicus, new species
Matz: Unknown.
Fremaue: Forewing 5.7 to 7.0 mm. long; clypeus rather flat, its
margin faintly reflexed, somewhat concave medially; mesoscutum
subpolished, with very fine punctures; mesopleuron with very small,
weak, adjacent punctures which give a mat appearance; propodeum
medially rather mat, with weak small punctures separated by about
Ficure 66.—Localities for Dipogon thoracicus.
0.5 their diameter, these dispersed between fine, weak, irregular,
transverse wrinkles; second tergite distinctly mat, with fine punctures
separated by about 1.3 their diameter.
Head blackish; clypeus except basally, mandible except basally,
and antenna except basally rufous, the rest of these parts infuscate;
thorax rufous; wings hyaline, marked with fuscous as in D. calipterus;
legs blackish with ferruginous tinges; abdomen blackish.
Tyre: 2, Rio Ruidoso, at 6,500 ft. in the White Mts., N. Mex.,
Aug. 1, C. H. T. Townsend (Washington, USNM 61691).
ParatTyPeE: 9, Fort Grant, Pinaleno Mts., Ariz., July 15 to 19, 1917
(Ithaca).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI Toe
Figure 67.—Localities for Dipogon iracundus.
5. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) iracundus, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Frmae: Forewing 7.4 mm. long; clypeus rather flat, with a weak
median preapical swelling, the margin somewhat concave medially;
mesoscutum mat, with very fine punctures; mesopleuron subpolished,
with small dense punctures separated by about 0.2 their diameter;
propodeum medially subpolished, with small sharp punctures sepa-
rated by about 0.3 their diameter, these dispersed between weak, fine,
irregular transverse wrinkles; second tergite weakly mat, with small
punctures separated by about 1.3 their diameter.
Head black; apical 0.3 to 0.5 of mandible rufous; antenna rufous,
infuscate basally, especially above; thorax rufous; wings hyaline,
marked with fuscous as in D. calipterus; legs rufous, infuscate beyond
the middle of their femora, this infuscation weakest on the foreleg
and strongest on the hind leg; abdomen blackish, the first segment
and sometimes (in the type but not in the paratype) basal 0.6 of the
second segment rufous.
Typr: 9, Graham Mts., Ariz., Sept. 2, 1950 (Washington, USNM
61692).
ParaTYPE: 9, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., July 5,
1931, L. K. Gloyd (Ann Arbor).
6. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sericeus Banks
Dipogon sericea Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 180,[9]. Type:
9, Bull Prairie, Camas Prairie Summit, 7,500 ft., Lake County, Oreg. (San
Francisco).
Mauer: Unknown.
Fremaue: Forewing 6 mm. long. According to the original de-
scription, this is a black species with the body and much of the head
128 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
and basal portion of legs clothed with a dense appressed gray to
yellowish pubescence. The forewing is brown, beyond the marginal
cell snow-white, the marginal cell and below it darker than elsewhere.
The maxillary hair basket is described as having “‘pale’’ bristles, but
an examination of the type shows them to be blackish.
SPECIMEN: 2 (type), Bull Prairie, Camas Prairie Summit, 7,500
ft., Lake County, Oreg., July 22, Frewing (San Francisco).
7. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi Banks
Matz: Forewing 4.5 to 6.3 mm. long; apical part of clypeus some-
what impressed, its margin weakly reflexed; flagellar segments each
with an angular subbasal swelling which gives the flagellum a notched
or stepped appearance; first flagellar segment about 3.7 as long as
wide; hooks on sixth sternite long, strong, curved inward and a little
backward; subgenital plate broadly lanceolate, with an apical notch
and a high blunt keel which is highest subbasally.
Black. Wings hyaline, marked with fuscous.
Fremae: Forewing 5.5 to 9 mm. long; clypeus with a strongly im-
pressed, transverse, preapical trough, the margin appearing somewhat
reflexed; mesoscutum subpolished, with small sharp punctures; meso-
pleuron subpolished, with small, rather weak punctures that are
separated by about 0.3 their diameter; propodeum medially sub-
polished, with rather small, sharp punctures separated by about their
diameter; second tergite subpolished, with small punctures separated
by about 1.7 their diameter.
Black. Wings subhyaline, the forewing with two conspicuous
fuscous bands, a narrow one along the basal vein and nervulus and a
broad one beyond the middle of the stigma; apical margin of forewing
and apical part of hind wing weakly infuscate.
There are two subspecies, which together cover most of the United
States and southern Canada.
Ta. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi sayi Banks
PLATE 1, FIGURE 9
Dipogon sayi Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, p. 122, [&%,9]. Lectotype:
9, Falls Church, Va., July 24, N. Banks (Cambridge).
Matusz: Forewing with a narrow fuscous band along the basal vein
and nervulus and a large fuscous area beyond the stigma; apical
margin of forewing and apical part of hind wing weakly infuscate.
Fremae: Fuscous bands on forewing narrower and more sharply
defined than in the subspecies nigrior, the basal transverse band
narrowed at its hind end and occupying only about 0.3 of the first
brachial cell, the apical band occupying about 0.6 of the second
discoidal cell.
SPECIMENS (34c7, 1639): From Connecticut (Colebrook, East Had-
dam, East Hartford, Lyme, New Haven, and Wallingford) ; District
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 129
Ficure 68.—Localities for Dipogon sayi sayt.
of Columbia; Illinois (Chicago); Kansas (Manhattan); Maryland,
(Cabin John, Glen Echo, Plummers Island, Takoma Park, and Wood-
stock); Massachusetts (Cohasset, Forest Hills, Holliston, Lexington,
Mount Tom, Sherborn, South Hadley, South Natick, and Stony
Brook Reserve); Michigan (Ann Arbor, Branch County, Charlevoix
County, Deerfield Township in Lapeer County, Huron Mts. ia
Marquette County, Midland County, and Muskegon County);
Minnesota (Cascade River in Cook County, Garrison, Hastings,
Houston County, Itasca Park, North Branch, and Washington
County); New Hampshire (Groton and Randolph); New Jersey
(Alpine, Clementon, Moorestown, Morris County, Ramsey, and
Riverton) ; New York (Bemus Point, Cold Spring Harbor, Connecticut
Hill in Tompkins County, Essex County, Fort Montgomery, Grand
Island, Ithaca, Labrador Lake in Cortland County, McLean Reserve
in Tompkins County, Millwood, North Fairhaven, Oneonta, Oswego,
Port Jefferson, Syracuse, and Yonkers); North Carolina (Black Mt.,
Hamrick, and Mount Pisgah); Ohio (Salinaville); Ontario (Fisher
Glen, Georgetown, Leamington, Ottawa, and Ridgeway); Pennsyl-
vania (Camp Hill, Conewago, Dushore, Glenside, Harrisburg, High-
spire, Hummelstown, Inglenook, Shiremanstown, and Spring Brook);
Quebec (Abbotsford, Aylmer, Duchesnay, Fort Coulange, Hemming-
ford, Joliette, Kazubazua, Laniel, Montreal, and Megantic); Virginia
(Arlington, Chain Bridge, Dunn Loring, Great Falls, and Falls Church) ;
and Wisconsin (Hartland, Rib Mountain State Park, and Sawyer
County).
Most dates of capture are in the summer months, though records
for May and September are not rare. Unusually early and late
dates are: May 1 at Ann Arbor, Mich.; May 14 at Plummers Island,
Md.; May 20 at Spring Brook, Pa.; May 21 at New Haven, Conn.;
May 28 at Ottawa, Ontario; Sept. 11 at Dunn Loring (near Vienna),
130 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Va.; Sept. 20 at Montreal, Quebec; Sept. 23 at Wakefield, Conn.;
and Oct. 7 and 10 at Arlington, Va. Other biological notes with
these specimens state that a female was taken on flowers of Geranium
maculatum; that six different collections were made in woods; that
three collections (1c, 22) were made on tree trunks; that a female
was reared from Carya wood at Syracuse, N. Y., July 6, 1918, by
Blackman and Stage; and that a female was reared from Celtis wood
at Plummers Island, Md., Apr. 25, 1908, by W. S. Fisher.
This is a common woodland subspecies of the Alleghenian and
Carolinian faunas. It nests in dead wood, the females being com-
monly seen on stumps and dead tree trunks. Adults are on the wing
from late spring to early fall.
Tb. Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi nigrior, new subspecies
PLATE 2, FIGURE 28
Maus: Unknown.
Fermauz: Fuscous bands on forewing broader and more diffuse than
in the subspecies sayi, the basal transverse band broadened at its
hind end and occupying about 0.6 of the first brachial cell, the apical
band occupying about 0.85 of the second discoidal cell.
Ficure 69.—Localities for Dipogon sayi nigrior.
Types: 9, Pamelia Lake, Mount Jefferson at about 3,000 ft., Oreg.,
July 19, 1907 (Washington, USNM 61693).
ParatyPsEs: 9, Agassiz, British Columbia, June 22, 1915, R. C.
Treherne (Ottawa). 9, Agassiz, British Columbia, July 6, 1927,
H. H. Ross (Ottawa). 9, Okanagan, British Columbia, August
(Ottawa). 9, Steelhead, British Columbia, July 14, 1933, H. B.
Leach (Ottawa). 9, Fish Camp, Calif., July 22, 1948, Townes
family (Townes). 9, Snowline Camp, El Dorado County, Calif.,
July 7, 1948, C. D. MacNeil (Berkeley). 9, Sugar Pine, 4,300 to
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI Pl
5,500 ft., Madera County, Calif., Aug. 24 to 31, 1914, J. C. Bradley
(Ithaca). 9, near Glacier Point, 8,000 ft., Yosemite Park, Calif.,
July 17, 1948, Townes family (Townes). 9, Colo., C. F. Baker
(Washington). 9, Helena, Mont., Sept. 1, 1907 (Cambridge).
9, transporting Xysticus sp., Tajique, N. Mex., June 25, 1940, R.
H. Beamer (Evans). 9, Cascadia, Oreg., Aug. 11, 1924, H. A.
Seullen (Corvallis).
This subspecies occurs in the Transition fauna.
Subgenus Dipogon Fox
Dipogon Fox, 1897, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1897, p. 241. Type:
Dipogon populator Fox; original designation.
Agriogenia Banks, 1919, Canadian Ent.. vol. 51, p. 83. Type: Pompilus (Agenia)
brevis Cresson; original designation.
Forewing 2.3 to 4.8 mm. long; maxillary beard of female white to
stramineous; second cubital cell about 1.3 as long as the third cubital
cell (pl. 1, fig. 10).
There are several species of this subgenus in the southeastern
states, and one (brevis) ranges north to Canada. Outside of the
Nearctic region the subgenus is represented only in the Neotropics.
There are two species groups as indicated in the key and the group
descriptions.
Keys to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Dipogon
MALES
(Two of the three subspecies of D. (D.) brevis are known in the male
sex. The males of the rest of the Nearctic species are unknown.)
1. Punctures on propodeum separated by an average of 0.8 or more their diameter
range: Alleghenian fauna... . . 3a. brevis recalvus, new subspecies
Punctures on propodeum separated by an average of 0.5 or less their diameter;
range: Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas . . . 3b. brevis brevis (Cresson)
FEMALES
1. Frons and top part of pronotum without appressed pubescence, only with
sparse, suberect setae; microtrichia on forewing much larger and denser on
the transverse fuscous bands than between and basad of the bands. GRAE-
NICHERI GROUP (SUBSPECIES OF GRAENICHERI). . . . = PRT ae be
Frons and top part of pronotum with dense, appressed eee in addition
to sparser suberect setae; microtrichia on forewing little larger and hardly
denser on the is eee fuscous bands than between and basad of the
bands. BREVIS aGROUBE CEs fcmcorcn od so, spt -tWenued Belts Se uusitin-ys sins) Le . 3
2, Head and thorax blackish; Soe New ee fa North Carolina.
5a. graenicheri atratus, new subspecies.
Head and thorax fulvous; range: Florida to Louisiana.
5b. graenicheri graenicheri Banks
3. Head and abdomen blackish, the thorax largely rufous. . . 4. texanus Banks
Head, abdomen, and thorax, blackish or pale, in either case concolorous. . 4
132 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
4. Frons, pronotum, and mesoscutum with dense appressed pubescence, the
individual hairs long enough and close enough to overlap considerably.
SUBSPECIES OF BREVIS... . af Maret seine
Frons, pronotum, and mcaeeeneaet ree a apres Apareescd mubeseence: the
individual hairs not long nor dense enough to overlap much. . . : 7
5. Metapleuron and propodeum partly or mostly polished or sub polished: ae
tures on propodeum separated by at least twice their diameter on a large
portion of propodeum ... . . . 3a. brevis recalvus, new subspecies
Metapleuron and propodeum entirely mat; punctures on propodeum separated
by less than twice their eae except sometimes in a narrow area adjacent
to the metapleuron. . . 6
6. Head, body, and legs entirely or Snoely blackish: folie: “Alleshoniae a
Carolinian faunas .. . . . . . . 8b. brevis brevis (Cresson)
Head, body, and legs BCRETOns? eee Austroriparian fauna.
3c. brevis ochreus, new subspecies
7. Hairs on propodeum and first tergite moderately dense, their bases separated
from one another by about their length; forewing about 2.4 mm. long.
1. pygmaeus, new species
Hairs on propodeum and first tergite very sparse, their bases separated from
one another by several times their length; forewing about 3.3 mm. long.
2. paludis, new species
BREVIS GROUP
Frons and top part of pronotum with dense, appressed pubescence
in addition to sparser suberect setae; microtrichia on forewing little
larger and hardly denser in the transverse fuscous bands than between
and basad of the bands.
The Neotropical Dipogon ariel Banks 1946 and Dipogon ailastor
Banks 1946 and all the Nearctic species but graenicheri belong to this
group.
1. Dipogon (Dipogon) pygmaeus, new species
Matz: Unknown.
Fremaue: Forewing 2.3 mm. long; frons, upper part of pronotum,
and mesoscutum mat, without noticeable punctures, with appressed
Ficure 70.—Locality for Dipogon pygmaeus.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI lao
pubescence the hair sockets of which are separated by about 0.6 the
length of the hairs; mesopleuron, metapleuron, propodeum, and
second tergite weakly mat, without noticeable punctures, with pu-
bescence the hair sockets of which are separated by about the length
of the hairs; microtrichia on forewing of uniform length and dis-
tribution.
Brownish ferruginous, the basal half of the abdomen and tarsi
except basally paler than the rest of the insect; wings pale yellowish,
the forewing with fuscous areas arranged as in D. (D.) brevis.
This is the smallest species of Pepsinae known to me.
Type: 9, Prattsville, Ala., July 21, 1930, Paul W. Oman (Lawrence).
2. Dipogon (Dipogon) paludis, new species
Mate: Unknown.
FremMALe: Forewing 3.4 mm. long; frons, upper part of pronotum,
and mesoscutum strongly mat (the frons most strongly so), these
parts with appressed pubescence the hair sockets of which are separated
by about 0.6 their length; mesopleuron, metapleuron, and propodeum
subpolished, with a very few scattered hairs set in small punctures;
Ficure 71.—Locality for Dipogon paludis.
second tergite subpolished, with fine, weak punctures that are sepa-
rated by about 3.0 their diameter.
Dark rufous. Head except clypeus and mouth parts blackish;
pubescence on frons yellow; area between mesoscutum and pro-
podeum blackish; fore and hind tibiae externally and their tarsi
basally infuscate (hind leg lacking beyond the femur); wings weakly
infuscate, the forewing with light fuscous areas distributed as in
D. (D.) brevis; apical 0.3 of second abdominal segment and all of the
third and fourth segments infuscate.
Type: 9, Atsion, N. J., July 30, 1939, H. Townes (Townes).
Taken in a swampy area.
134 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis Cresson
Maus: Forewing 3.2 to 4.6 mm. long; flagellar segments in profile
each convex below, so that the flagellum has a somewhat nodose
appearance; subgenital plate strongly compressed, with a sharp high
median longitudinal ridge which gives it a lanceolate shape in profile.
Sculpture a little smoother and pilosity a little shorter than in the
female.
Frma.e: Forewing 3.8 to 5.2 mm. long; frons, upper part of prono-
tum, and mesoscutum very strongly mat, without noticeable punc-
tures, with appressed dense pubescence, the hair sockets of which
are separated by about 0.3 the length of the hairs; mesopleuron
mat, without noticeable punctures, with dense appressed pubescence,
the hair sockets of which are separated by about 0.5 the length of the
hairs; sculpture and pubescence of metapleuron and propodeum
variable; second tergite mat, with dense appressed pubescence arising
from weak punctures that are separated by about 0.3 their diameter.
Coloration of both sexes black to ochraceous, according to the
subspecies. Wings of female subhyaline, the forewing somewhat
infuscate basally, in a band at the level of the basal vein, in a broad
area extending from the base of the stigma to the apex of the third
cubital cell, and a little infuscate along the apical margin (pl. 1, fig. 10).
Wings of male a little more hyaline than in the female and with the
fuscous areas paler and a little less extensive.
3a. Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis recalvus, new subspecies
Mates: Metapleuron subpolished, with weak fine punctures sepa-
rated by about 2.5 their diameter; propodeum moderately mat to
Figure 72.—Localities for Dipogon brevis recalous.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 135
subpolished, with punctures separated by an average of about 1.0
their diameter.
Black. Flagellum beneath, fore tarsus, front of fore tibia, and front
of fore femur apically tinged with fulvous.
Frma.e: Metapleuron subpolished, with a few or very few scattered
small punctures; propodeum mat to polished, with numerous punc-
tures medially and few or very few laterally.
Black. Mandible except basally, rarely the clypeus and face next
to the eyes, more or less of the flagellum, more or less of the front legs
(especially the tarsus), and middle and hind tarsi except basally, more
or less distinctly tinged with fulvous.
Type: 9, La Trappe, Quebec, July 13, 1948, J. Ouellett (Wash-
ington, USNM 61694).
Paratypes: 9, Deerfield Township, Lapeer County, Mich.,
July 4, 1937, G. Steyskal (Ann Arbor). o, Coram, Long Island,
N. Y., July 18, 1937, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). 9, Huntington,
Long Island, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1926, F. M. Schott (Townes). 9,
Orient, Long Island, N. Y., Aug. 14, 1929, Roy Latham (Washington).
9, Springs, N. Y., July 16, 1918 (Cambridge). &, Simcoe, Ontario,
June 22, 1939, G. E. Shewell (Ottawa). 9, Arendtsville, Pa., June 28,
1927,S. W. Frost (Ithaca). 9, Falls Church, Va., June 10, N. Banks
(Cambridge). 9, Great Falls, Va.; July 15, N. Banks (Cambridge).
9, Rib Mountain State Park, Wis., Aug. 27, 1937, L. R. Penner
(St. Paul). 9, no data (Cambridge).
This subspecies occurs mostly in the Alleghenian fauna.
3b. Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis brevis (Cresson)
Pate 1, FIGURE 10
Pompilus (Agenia) brevis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 123,
o'. Type: o', Georgia (Philadelphia).
Matz: Metapleuron mat, with weak fine punctures separated by
about 1.2 their diameter; propodeum mat, with punctures that are
separated by an average of about 0.4 their diameter.
Fremaue: Metapleuron mat, or next to the propodeum often sub-
polished, with numerous small scattered punctures; propodeum quite
mat, with close, usually indistinct punctures all over or the punctures
somewhat sparser next to the metapleuron.
Coloration of both sexes black, but with-a grayish cast due to a dense
appressed grayish pubescence. Mandible except basally, often the
clypeus and front orbit, more or less of the flagellum, often the under
side of coxae, more or less of front legs (especially the tarsus) and
middle and hind tarsus except basally, more or less tinged with fulvous.
136 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
SpEcIMENS: 9, Canton, Conn., Aug. 20, 1936, B. J. Kaston (Wash-
ington). 9, East Hartford, Conn., Sept. 11, 1948, H. E. Evans
(Evans). 9, Glen Echo, Md., June 16, 1919, Fouts (Washington).
9, Holliston, Mass., Aug. 14, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9, in woods,
Ithaca, N. Y., June 18, 1947, H. E. Evans (Evans). 39, at flowers of
Pastinaca sativa, Ithaca, N. Y., July 5 and 6, 1947, H. E. Evans
(Evans). 9, Ithaca, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1940, J. N. Belkin (Ithaca). 9Q,
Farmingdale, N. Y., Aug. 1, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 4,
Taughanic Falls, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1925 (Ithaca). o, Black Mt.,
Ficure 73.—Localities for Dipogon brevis brevis.
N. C., May (Cambridge). <, Mount Pisgah, 4,600 ft., N. C., Sept.
2, 1950, H. and D. Townes (Townes). 29, Wake County, N. C.,
July 7, 1950, and Sept. 12, 1950, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9,
Carlisle, Pa., July 25, 1920, C. C. Hill (Washington). 9¢, Aldie, Va.,
May 8, 1948, G. F. Townes (Townes). 9, Arlington, Va., Aug. 31,
1947, K. ¥. Krombein (Krombein). , Falls Church, Va., July 14,
N. Banks (Cambridge).
The two females taken at flowers of Pastinaca sativa by H. E. Evans
at Ithaca, N. Y., July 6, 1947, are accompanied by the note that
these and a few other specimens were walking along the stems just
below the umbels, holding the wings more or less erect, and fanning
them. They looked much like otitid flies, the bands on the wings
increasing the resemblance.
This subspecies occurs in the Carclinian fauna and the warmer
parts of the Alleghenian fauna. Its usual habitat seems to be dry
deciduous woods where the females may be found running along the
twigs and small branches of shrubs and understory trees. In appear-
ance, habitat, and manner of walking they look much like certain
species of Camponotus (Formicidae).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 137
Figure 74.—Localities for Dipogon brevis ochreus.
3c. Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis ochreus, new subspecies
Mate: Unknown.
FremaLe: Forewing 4.5 to 4.7 mm. long; sculpture and pilosity
similar to those of D. (D.) brevis brevis.
Ocherous. Pubescence ocherous; wings with an ocherous tinge.
Type: 9, taken while dragging a half-grown Phidippus (?) female
over a log, Lexington Park, Md., Sept. 5, 1951, O. L. Cartwright
(Washington, USNM 61695).
ParaTyPe: 2, McClellanville, S. C., May 10, 1944, H. Townes
(Townes).
This pale-colored subspecies occurs in the Austroriparian fauna.
4. Dipogon (Dipogon) texanus Banks
Dipogon texanus Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 179, [9]. Type:
9, Brownsville, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mae: Unknown.
Fremate: Forewing 2.6 to 3.0 mm. long. Structure similar to that
of D. (D.) brevis. The type is sculptured like D. (D.) brevis brevis,
while a second specimen is sculptured like D. (D.) brevis recalvus.
Black. Clypeus, mouth parts, antenna except at the joints, thorax
except behind the wing roots and on the under side of the meso- and
metathorax, fore coxa except for a small apical area, middle and
hind coxae except above, front and under sides of fore femur and
tibia, fore tarsus, and middle and hind tarsi apically, rufous. Wing
markings as in D. (D.) brevis, but sharper and darker.
138 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 75.—Locality for Dipogon texanus.
SPECIMENS: 2 (type), Brownsville, Tex., June 11 to 16, 1933, P. J.
Darlington (Cambridge). 9, Brownsville, Tex., May 1, 1904, H. S.
Barber (Washington).
GRAENICHERI GROUP
Frons and top part of pronotum without appressed pubescence,
only with sparse, suberect setae; microtrichia on forewing much larger
and denser within the transverse fuscous bands than between and
basad of the bands.
The only known species of this group is the Nearctic graenichert.
5. Dipogon (Dipogen) graenicheri Banks
Matz: Unknown.
Frmae: Forewing 4.1 to 4.8 mm. long; frons, upper part of prono-
tum, and mesoscutum subpolished or sometimes (in the paratype
of the subspecies atratus) rather mat, the frons and upper part of
pronotum with sparse, long, scattered setae coming from punctures
separated from one another by an average of about 4.0 their diameter;
mesoscutum with dense punctures over most of its surface, or the
punctures more or less restricted to its hind 0.25; mesopleuron, meta-
pleuron, and propodeum subpolished, with scattered, very sparse
punctures; second tergite subpolished, with small weak punctures
that are separated from one another by about 2.5 their diameter.
Blackish or fulvous, according to the subspecies, wings hyaline,
the forewing with a narrow transverse fuscous band at the basal vein
and a broad transverse fuscous band between the base of the stigma
and the apex of the third cubital cell (pl. 2, fig. 29).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE PEPSINI 139
Figure 76.—Localities for Dipogon graenicheri atratus.
5a. Dipogon (Dipogon) graenicheri atratus, new subspecies
PLATE 2, FIGURE 29
Mate: Unknown.
FremMauE: Black. Apical part of the clypeus sometimes, apical part
of mandible, most of antenna, front legs, and the middle and hind
tarsi except basally, tinged with fulvous.
Type: 9, Wake County, N. C., June 18, 1949, H. Townes (Townes).
ParaTyPE: 9, Chesilhurst, N. J., June 25, 1939, H. Townes
(Townes).
5b. Dipogon (Dipogon) graenicheri graenicheri Banks
Dipogon graenicherit Banks, 1939, Canadian Ent., vol. 71, p. 230, [9]. Lectotype:
9, South Miami, Fla., May 16, S. Graenicher (Cambridge).
Ficure 77.—Localities for Dipogon graenicheri graenicheri.
140 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Maus: Unknown.
Fremaue: Fulvous. Apical third to two-thirds of second abdominal
segment and the third and following segments infuscate.
SPECIMENS: 2 2 (lectotype and paratype) South Miami, Fla., Mar.
20 and May 16, S. Graenicher (Cambridge). 9., Frierson, La.,
Apr. 21, 1909, E. 8S. G. Titus (Washington).
Tribe Macromerini
Cubital vein of forewing not quite reaching wing margin (pl. 1,
fig. 11); hind tibia most frequently smooth, though in some females
with an external dorsal serration; first abdominal tergite rather slender,
somewhat constricted subbasally so that at least in females its sides
are subbasally concave when seen from above; suture or fold separating
epipleuron of first abdominal segment from the tergite usually absent;
last tergite of male usually with a large whitish spot; parapenial lobe
of male genitalia apically decurved to form a hook.
This tribe includes many small, slender species and a few middle
sized ones. The Old World genus Macromeris contains large, rather
robust species. Many of them, including all species of the Nearctic
genera Auplopus and Phanagenia, make mud cells for nests. The
nesting habits of the other two Nearctic genera (Ageniella and Priocne-
mella) are practically unknown. A curious propensity of this group
of wasps is to cut off all or most of the legs of the prey before trans-
porting it to the nest.
Key to the Nearctic genera of Macromerini
1. First tergite with a fine lateral crease that separates off the epipleuron; propo-
deum without long erect hairs; mentum of female with a brush of about 20
long stout bristles which are not divided into right and left groups; under-
side of last tarsal segment of female with preapical bristles.
Phanagenia (p. 141)
First tergite without a lateral crease; propodeum with or without long erect
hairs; mentum of female with either slender hairs, or with stout bristles that
are divided basally into right and left groups. .. . Rot ak
2. Propodeum with long erect hairs; female with a bare pyEidial area and with
some strong bristles arising from the mentum; male subgenital plate rather
large, with a high, sharp, longitudinal ridge . ... . Auplopus (p. 148)
Propodeum usually without long erect hairs; female without a pygidial area
and with only slender hairs arising from the mentum; male subgenital plate
smaller, or its longitudinal ridge (when present) lower and more blunt. . 38
3. Apex of front tibia on the hind side without a conspicuously larger or re-
curved spinelike bristle; clypeus without a troughlike impression paralleling
its lateroapical margin . . . ... . . Ageniella (p. 167)
Apex of front tibia on the hind fide Sreaomarl by a conspicuously larger and
recurved spinelike bristle (best developed in the female); clypeus with a
troughlike impression paralleling its lateroapical margin.
Priocnemella (p. 219)
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 141
Genus Phanagenia Banks
Phanagenia Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 18. Type: (Phanagenia osceola
Banks) = bombycina Cresson; original designation.
Clypeus of male with a specialized apical margin, of female large,
convex, and with the apex projecting as a broadly rounded lobe as in
Auplopus; mentum of female with a brush of about 20 long stout
setae which are not parted into right and left groups; front tibia with-
out one of its apical bristles specialized; dorsal edge of hind tibia
smooth; last tarsal segment without distinct preapical bristles be-
neath in the male, but with them in the female; propodeum without
long erect hairs; first tergite with a fine line or fold separating off the
epipleuron; female with an oval, bare pygidial area.
Phanagenia is close to the large and variable genus Auplopus, but in
the Western Hemisphere, where it is represented only by the geno-
type, it is distinct in the characters mentioned in the key. Old World
species that might be referable to Phanagenia are as follows: An un-
determined African species represented in Cambridge by two females
seems to be a typical Phanagenia; the Madagascan Agenia macula
Saussure 1891, as represented by both sexes in Cambridge (deter-
mined by Banks), may be a Phanagenia but the mental bristles of the
female are rather sparse and male clypeus simple; the Australian
Fabriogenia incompta Banks 1941, represented by the female type in
Cambridge, has the mental bristles and bristles on the under side of
the fifth tarsal seements as in Phanagenia, but lacks the suture sepa-
rating the epipleuron of the first tergite.
Phanagenia bombycine (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) bombycinus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 125, #, 9. Lectotype: 9, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Ageniella annecta Banks, 1911, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 233, 9. Type:
9, Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Phanegenia osceola Banks, 1983, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 18, 9. Type: 9, Miami,
Fla. (Cambridge).
Biology: Walsh and Riley, Amer. Ent., 1869, vol. 1, pp. 131-133, 136, 163.—
Peckham, 1898, On the instincts and habits of the solitary wasps, Wisconsin
Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 2, pp. 164-165; 1905, Wasps social and solitary,
pp. 244-247.—Savin, 1924, Nat. Hist., vol. 24, pp. 520-522.
Mate: Forewing about 8 mm. long. Structure as indicated for
the genus, the distorted clypeus being particularly distinctive. Black.
Wings subhyaline, the forewing weakly infuscate apically.
FEMALE: Forewing about 9 mm. long. Structure as indicated for
the genus. Wings weakly to strongly infuscate, the hind wing a little
paler than the forewing.
347756—57——_10
142 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
The depth of infuscation on the wings is correlated with size (darkest
in the largest specimens) and distribution (darkest in the specimens
from farthest south). Somewhat similar correlations of the depth of
wing infuscation with size and distribution occur in the species
Priocnessus nebulosus.
Ficure 78.—Localities for Phanagenia bombycina.
SPECIMENS (39<7, 1109): From Alabama (Birmingham); Colorado
(Lyons); Connecticut (East Hartford, Lyme, and New Haven);
District of Columbia (Washington); Florida (Brooksville, Miami,
and Pasco County); Georgia (Atlanta, Billys Island in the Okefenokee
Swamp, and Tifton); Illinois (Moline, Ramsay County, and Rock
Island); Kansas (Lawrence, Manhattan, and Onaga); Maryland
(Beltsville, Edgewood, and Glen Echo); Massachusetts (Boston,
Forest Hills, Stony Brcok, Taunton, and Winchester); Mississippi
(Agricultural College and Holly Springs); Missouri (Kirkwood) ; New
Hampshire (Jaffrey); New Jersey (Camden, Greenwood Lake,
Maurice River at Vineland, Moorestown, and Palisades); New
Mexico (Cloudcroft and Rio Ruidoso at 6,000 ft. in the White Mts.) ;
New York (Boston, Brooklyn, Huntington, Ithaca, and Wyandanch) ;
North Carolina (Liberty, Raleigh, and Wise); Ohio (Columbus, Put
in Bay, and Scioto County); Ontario (Marmora); Pennsylvania
(Harrisburg, Highspire, Indiana, Linglestown, Pittsburgh, and
Rockville) ; Quebec (Aylmer and Hemmingford) ; Tennessee (Jefferson
City); Virginia (Dunn Loring, Falls Church, and Jones Creek in Lee
County); West Virginia (Bolivar); and Costa Rica (Limén).
Most dates of capture are from June 1 to Sept. 15. Unusually
early and late records are: Feb. 20 at Brooksville, Fla.; Mar. 1 at
Kastland, Tex.; May 8, 12, and 13 at Columbus, Ohio; May 13 at
Atlanta, Ga.; June 1 at Lyme, Conn., and at Boston, Mass.; Oct. 12
at Huntington, N. Y.; Oct. 29 at Manhattan, Kans.; and Nov. 11 at
Raleigh, N. C.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 143
Rearing records are as follows: 2c’, emerged June 1, 1918, Lyme,
Conn., W.S. Fisher. <, emerged July 22, 1919, Falls Church, Va.,
R. A. St.George. 9, emerged May 1902, Raleigh, N. C., F. Sherman.
29, emerged from mud nest found under a stone, Aug. 20, 1916,
Greenwood Lake, N. J. 29, emerged Apr. 12 and 13,’ 1939 (no
further data). co, emerged Apr. 16 from material collected Nov. 6,
Harrisburg, Pa. 22 emerged May 2, and 26, respectively, from
material collected Oct. 16, Indiana, Pa. 29, emerged May 1926
from nest found under a bridge, Wyandanch, N. Y., F. M. Schott.
o', emerged July 30, 1883, from mud nest found under astone, Va.
9, emerged Apr. 25, 1889, from nest found under a stone Aug. 1888,
Va. 267, emerged Apr. 1 and 6, 1909, and 9, emerged Apr. 17, 1909,
from nest collected Feb. 21, 1909, Linglestown, Pa. 9, emerged
Apr. 27, 1911, from nest collected Feb. 26, 1911, New Haven, Conn.,
A. B. Champlain. 9°, emerged Apr. 4, 1909, from nest collected
Feb. 28, 1909, Rockville, Pa.
Flower records include Ceanothus americanus and Vicia near
pulchella. A female taken at Manhattan, Kans., Oct. 28, 1949, by
R. Fischer was transporting a young lycosid with all legs cut off.
Peckham (1905) records “Lycosa kochit”’ and Maevia vittata as prey.
This species occurs from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, as
far north as Quebec and south to Costa Rica. Its nest of mud cells
is placed usually under stones. Most adults are on the wing from
June 1 to Sept. 15. Walsh and Riley, and Peckham have reported
on the biology.
Genus Auplopus Spinola
Auplopus Spinola, 1841, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 10, p. 108. Type: Pompilus
femoratus Fabricius; monobasic.
Aoplopus Agassiz, 1846, Nomenclator zoologici index universalis, pp. 27, 41
(emendation).
Pilpomus Costa, 1859, Fauna del Regno di Napoli, I menotteri aculeati, Pompili-
dea, p. 8. Type: Sphex carbonarius Scopoli; designated by Pate, 1946.
Pseudagenia Kohl, 1884, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 34, pp. 38, 42. Type:
Sphex carbonarius Scopoli; original designation.
? Stenagenia Saussure, 1892, im Grandidier, Histoire physique, naturelle et
politique de Madagascar, vol. 20 (hyménoptéres), pt. 1, pp. 307, 338. Type:
(Sienagenia pedunculata Saussure) = taeneatus Saussure; designated by Pate,
1946.
? Schizagenia Cameron, 1910, in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen
zoologischen Expedion nach dem Kilimandjaro. . . , pt. 2, No.8 (Hymen-
optera, 7 Fossores), p. 256. Type: Schizagenia carinigena Cameron; mono-
basic.
Tumagenia Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., vol. 69, pp. 39, 67 (new
synonymy). Type: Tumagenia iris Banks; monobasic.
Calagenia Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., vol. 69, pp. 40, 72 (new
synonymy). Type: Calagenia hermosa Banks; original designation.
Lophagenia Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 69, pp. 40, 74 (new
synonymy). Type: Pseudagenia erigone Bingham; original designation.
144 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Clypeus of male of moderate size, its apical edge usually truncate
but sometimes variously specialized; clypeus of female large, convex,
the apex somewhat prolonged as a broadly rounded lobe; mentum of
female with a group of about 6 to 16 long stout setae which are
parted basally into right and left groups; front tibia without one of
its apical bristles specialized; dorsal edge of hind tibia smooth; last
tarsal segment without preapical bristles beneath; propodeum nearly
always (always in the Nearctic species) with long sparse erect hairs;
first tergite without a line separating off the epipleuron; female with
an oval hairless pygidial area; male subgenital plate rather large,
with a high sharp longitudinal ridge.
Spinola included only one species in his genus Awuplopus, the
Fabrician Pompilus femoratus. He noted some disagreements in
color between his specimens and Fabricius’ description of femoratus,
but nevertheless referred them to this species. Richards (1937,
The generic names of British insects, vol. 5, p. 126) states that Spinola’s
“variety” of femoratus, rather than femoratus itself, is the type of
Auplopus and Pate (1946, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 72, p. 76)
concurs. It seems clear, however, that for nomenclatorial purposes
the one species originally included was Fabricius’ Pompilus femoratus,
and this must be the type species.
The original description of Pompilus femoratus is not sufficient for
a modern generic assignment, but Dahlbom (1843-45, Hymenoptera
EKuropaea . .. , vol. 1) examined the type and indicated its generic
characters in the following way: On page 93 (1843) he describes
Agenia fuloipes from females from Pennsylvania and South Carolina,
mentioning the polished pygidium and clypeal shape so characteristic
of the present genus. On page x1x (1845?) he states that he has
studied the type of Pompilus femoratus, and on page 455 (1845) he
synonymizes his fuluipes with femoratus, thus indicating that the
type of femoratus had the pygidial area and clypeal shape he described
for fulvipes and that otherwise the types appeared conspecific to him.
Dahlbom’s fulvipes can be none other than the Nearctic species
mellipes Say, but I suspect that femoratus (described from South
America) is a distinct though closely related species. The original
description of femoratus states that the femora are ferruginous and
the rest of the legs blackish. In mellipes mellipes the legs beyond
the coxae are entirely ferruginous. There are several common
Neotropical species which greatly resemble mellipes but which differ
from it in the leg colors called for in the description of femoratus.
Auplopus is a very large genus, best represented in the warmer
parts of the world. In the Old World tropics the species have much
structural diversity and Banks has considered some of the more
conspicuous segregates genera, as indicated in the synonymy above.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 145
The New World species have more structuraluniformity. Thereare
many species in the Neotropic region and a large portion of the
Nearctic species are intrusions from that area. It has not been
possible to separate our species into sharply defined groups, but the
following resemblances might be pointed out: A. flavicorae, inermis,
variolarum, and adjunctus agree in the polished female pygidium,
lack of bluish iridescence, fulvous femora and tibiae, and unspecialized
mandible and clypeal margin of the male. <A. mellipes and mexicanus
agree in the mat female pygidium, lack of bluish iridescence, bent
mandible of the male, and thickened apical margin of the male clypeus.
A. mollis, caerulescens, architectus, and nigrellus agree in the polished
female pygidium, presence of bluish iridescence, and the unspecialized
mandible and clypeal margin of the male.
Probably all species of the genus nest in mud cells and the charac-
teristic mental bristles and large clypeus of the female are presumed
to aid in carrying mud pellets for nest construction. Absence of
teeth on the outside of the hind tibia seems to be another structural
character correlated with these nesting habits, but the functional
reason is not entirely clear. Possibly the tibial teeth when present,
aid in digging or in pushing into and out of nest tunnels in the ground
and, if so, would not be needed in species making nests of mud cells.
Keys to the Nearctic species of Auplopus
MALES
(Males of variolarum, inermis, mollis, and mellipes meridianus are
unknown.)
1. Pronotum margined with white on its hind edge and most of its front edge;
first tergite and coxaefulvous. .. . ... . . 4, adjunctus (Banks)
Pronotum not margined with white; first ne and often the coxae black or
blackishy-o ehorna- 3 Ge
2. Clypeus with part of its arneal eae nee ahickened es fon Pelomie mandi-
ble much more strongly curved at the middle than elsewhere. . . .. 3
Clypeus with its apical edge thin; mandible evenly curved throughout. . 5
3. Apical edge of clypeus with a large rounded notch on each side of the middle;
face black, with a white vertical line adjacent to the eye; seventh tergite
without a conspicuous white spot. . . .. . . 6. mexicanus (Cresson)
Apical edge of clypeus without notches; face white, with or without a small
median dark area; seventh tergite with a conspicuous white spot. sSUB-
SPECIES OF MELLIPES. . . code eatin ars Teicmaciricuece sac
4, Middle and hind femora and eae pieroud . . . 5a. mellipes mellipes (Say)
Middle and hind femora and tibiae black.
5c. mellipes variitarsatus (Dalla Torre)
5. Coxae entirely fulvous; thorax black, without iridescence.
1. flavicoxae (Banks)
Coxae blackish or largely so; thorax blackish, with a distinct bluish or greenish
REI BSCER CE ty sat ct acids Aficyiits “ase SAE a yi cery Nace tdets Seoeeters LAL aas © Oo
146 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
10.
. Penultimate segment of flagellum about 1.9 as long as wide; more than 0.6 of
the face white; squama narrower and with a stronger median ventral
protuberance. SUBSPECIES OF CAERULESCENS ... . PS es
Penultimate segment of flagellum about 1.65 as long as sides Bes than 0.4 of
the face white; squama broader and with a weaker meen ventral pro-
tuberance. . . gr Me Reeve epee Me eae)
Front and middle feciors mete Beene or Sproat
8a. caerulescens subcorticalis (Walsh)
Front and middle femora fulvous . . . Oe ceha hee ty kee EP pas
Middle and hind coxae entirely binchishie or Rea
8b. caerulescens caerulescens (Dahlbom)
Middle and hind coxae about half fulvous, the rest infuscate.
8c. caerulescens floridanus (Banks)
. Clypeus white on each side, black in the middle . . . 10. nigrellus (Banks)
Clypeus entirely black. SUBSPECIES OF ARCHITECTUS. . . See a0
Wings faintly infuscate; range: Pacific States, British Golub Nevada,
and parts of New Mexico. . . . . 9a. architectus metallicus (Banks)
Wings very faintly infuscate; range: Atlantic west to Colorado, and Arizona.
9b. architectus architectus (Say)
FEMALES
er VPICIAl ALCS WIG, By ces Gen ee. ce, ee ler ie cen siater ae Le ee tenas celere) heme cere
Pygidial area polished . . . . . iS sit othe eeeD
. Depressions of pronotum with cross Sinks: pocoad Angelia peomont about
6.4 as long as wide; forewing 10.7 to 12.0 mm. long; front trochanter
entirely fulvous; range: Arizona and Mexico. . . 6. mexicanus (Cresson)
Depressions of pronotum smooth, without cross wrinkles; second flagellar
segment about 4.8 as long as wide; forewing 6.5 to 9.0 mm. long; front
trochanter usually more or less infuscate; range: Atlantic to 100° west
longitude. SUBSPECIES OF MELLIPES .. . yes ee
. Middle and hind femora and tibiae black; Paneee Saath North America
north of 42° latitude. . . . . 5c. mellipes variitarsatus (Dalla Torre)
Middle and hind femora and tibiae fulvous. . . . sua eae bow
. Middle and hind coxae entirely blackish; range: pectoral tied States south
of 42° latitude, but not including eaten Florida.
5a. mellipes mellipes (Say)
Middle and hind coxae largely ferruginous; range: southern Florida.
5b. mellipes meridianus, new subspecies
. Thorax dull black, without iridescence. . . . sida ate aaah es eO
Thorax dark with a definite bluish or greenish iridesrence: Se ie epee eo
WECOXBCIDIACK Ca siete Cele ster meu ote soto, oleae: Mey eate al te as ae ero
Coxae fulvous. . . . Ap ioeecha check
. Middle and hind tothanters’ fnrusoate: eed area eae ean sized
punctures separated by about 1.7 their diameter; wings subhyaline.
3. variolarum, new species
Middle and hind trochanters fulvous; pygidial area with small weak punctures
separated by about 5.0 their diameter; wings pale brown.
2. inermis, new species
. Pubescence of head and thorax unusually dense, the setiferous punctures of
the pleura so close that they are confluent in rows; flagellum light brown,
elongate, its second segment about 7.3 as long as wide; wings subhyaline.
1. flavicoxae (Banks)
Pubescence of head and thorax not unusually dense, the setiferous punctures
of the pleura distinct from one another; flagellum blackish, not unusually
elongate, its second segment about 6.0 as long as wide; wings weakly to
strongly infuseate. . . .....+- +...» 4 adjunctus (Banks)
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 147
9. Femora and tibiae entirely ferruginous; pubescence of head and thorax quite
denseland fines 8.) ti ue - . . 7. mollis, new species
Femora and tibiae, or at least the aiedle ee fama tibiae blackish; pubescence
of head and thorax a little less dense. . . . eens, LO
10. First tergite usually with long suberect hairs on a Aiea half as well as on
its basal half; second segment of cubital vein about 0.95 as long as the
third segment (pl. 2, fig. 30); a slightly larger species with a little more long
suberect hair and a little denser and finer sculpture. Not always dis-
tinguishable from the peminie two species in the female. SUBSPECIES
OF ARCHITECTUS... . Site teen sy TEL
First tergite without or i a@ very fon bie pabereen hairs on Alig apical half;
second segment of cubital vein about 0.85 as long as the third segment (pl.
1, fig. 11); slightly smaller species with a little less long suberect hair and a
little sparser and coarser sculpture. Not always ea aoe ge from
architectus in the female ... . Son chp ai oe btbias
11. Wings weakly infuscate; blue inideneente of Head and tonne: a little darker;
suberect pubescence a little sparser; size averaging a little smaller; range:
Pacific States, British Columbia, Nevada, and parts of New Meare
9a. architectus metallicus (Banks)
Wings subhyaline or faintly infuscate; blue iridescence of head and thorax
a little lighter; suberect pubescence a little denser; size averaging a little
larger; range: Atlantic west to Colorado and Arizona.
9b. architectus architectus (Say)
12. Pubescence of head and thorax a little sparser and the individual hairs
apparently a little less broadened basally so that the pubescence has a
little less of a silvery sheen; punctation of frons a little sparser and coarser;
maxillary palpus blackish, at least basally; all femora blackish. Not
always distinguishable from specimens of caerulescens with dark femora.
10. nigrellus (Banks)
Pubescence of head and thorax a little denser and the individual hairs
apparently a little broader basally so that the pubescence has a slightly
more silvery sheen; punctation of frons a little denser and finer; maxillary
palpus usually light brown; some or all femora often fulvous. Not always
distinguishable from nigrellus in the female, even with specimens for com-
parison, except in the cases of jit gk with fulvous femora. SUBSPECIES
OF CAERULESCENS.. . TU At Bee SC. See as
13. Front, middle, and hind femcns blabiish:
8a. caerulescens subcorticalis (Walsh)
Front and middle femora fulvous, the hind femur fulvous or partly or entirely
blackishs ye ne ae i. BOR ek tlh cota oie ae
14. Face, frons, and some or ‘all ee ciepens Bihetcate
8b. caerulescens caerulescens (Dahlbom)
Face, lower lateral corners of frons, and all of clypeus fulvous.
8c. caerulescens floridanus (Banks)
1. Auplopus flavicoxae (Banks)
Pseudagenia mexicana var. flavicorae Banks, 1911, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13,
p. 238; Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 233, [o’,?]. Lectotype: o,
Palmerlee, Ariz., June (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing about 9 mm. long; clypeus truncate apically, its
apical margin thin and simple; mandible evenly curved; second
segment of flagellum about 4.7 as long as wide, the penultimate
segment about 3.4 as long as wide; groove of pronotum with more
148 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
distinct cross wrinkles than in the known males of the other Nearctic
species of the genus; mesopleuron with small adjacent punctures, not
shining, its pubsecence unusually long.
Head and body blackish with a weak iridescence of mixed green
and blue; clypeus except medially, a broad mark next the eye from
the clypeus tapering to a point halfway up the frons, most of mandible
and a large median spot on seventh tergite, white; under side of
antenna, palpi, tegula, and legs fulvous; middle and hind tarsi
brownish apically; wings hyaline; abdomen with a fulvous tinge
laterally and ventrally.
Fremate: Forewing about 11.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons
dense, long and pale yellow, arising from subconfluent punctures on a
mat background; apical margin of clypeus broadly angled to a rounded
median point; second flagellar segment about 7.3 as long as wide;
groove of pronotum with short, fine, oblique wrinkles; punctures on
mesopleuron very dense, somewhat confluent in rows (not confluent
and a little less dense in the other Nearctic species); pygidial area
polished, with a few scattered, weak punctures that are separated
by about 4.0 their diameter.
Blackish with an unusually dense and long silvery pubescence.
Apical margin of clypeus and inner orbits narrowly fulvous; mouth
parts, flagellum, underside of scape, tegula, and legs fulvous, the
flagellum basally brownish; apex of mandible dark ferruginous;
apical segment of tarsi dark brown; wings hyaline.
SPECIMENS: 207, 19 (lectotype @ and paratypes o9), Palmerlee,
Ariz., June (Cambridge).
2. Auplopus inermis, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fremaue: Forewing 10.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons short,
dense, and pale, arising from very fine adjacent punctures on a mat
Figure 79.—Locality for duplopus inermis.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 149
background; apical margin of clypeus broadly arcuate, with a faint,
broad, median lobe; second flagellar segment about 4.7 as long as
wide; groove of pronotum with short cross wrinkles; pygidial area
polished, with a few scattered weak punctures which are separated
by about 4.0 their diameter.
Dull blackish, the frons with a very faint bluish iridescence. Palpi
apically and underside of flagellum tinged with fulvous; mandible
rufous apically; tegula mostly and legs beyond coxae fulvous; tarsi
brown apically; wings with a faint brown tinge.
Tyre: 2, Helotes Creek, Tex., Feb. 20, 1925, A. H. Wright (Ithaca).
3. Auplopus variolarum, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fema.e: Forewing 8.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons short,
dense, and pale, arising from very fine adjacent punctures on a mat
background; apical margin of clypeus broadly arcuate, without a
median production; second flagellar segment 5.0 as long as wide;
groove of pronotum with short fine oblique wrinkles; pygidial area
polished, with medium sized punctures that are separated by about
1.7 their diameter.
Ficure 80.—Locality for Auplopus variolarum.
Black without any iridescence. Palpi brownish, paler apically;
flagellum with a fulvous tinge apically beneath; apex of mandible
ferruginous; tegula reddish brown; legs beyond trochanters rufous,
the front tarsus somewhat infuscate, the middle tarsus brown, the
hind tarsus blackish, tibial spurs dark brown, and the hind tibia
infuscate apically above; wings hyaline.
Type: 9, The Basin, Chisos Mts., 5,400 ft., Big Bend National
Park, Tex., July 8 to 14, 1948, H. E. Evans (Washington, USNM
61797).
150 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 81.—Localities for Auplopus adjunctus.
4. Auplopus adjunctus (Banks)
Pseudagenia mellipes var. adjuncta Banks, 1911, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol.
13, p. 238; 1912, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. vol. 19, p. 233, [9]. Lectotype:
9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex., June 21, 1909, Birkmann (Cambridge).
Pseudagenia marionae Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 43,
p. 202. Type: co’, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Matusz: Forewing 5 to 6.5 mm. Jong; clypeus truncate apically, its
apical edge a little thickened medially; mandible evenly curved;
second segment of flagellum about 3.3 as long as wide, the penultimate
segment about 2.4 as long as wide; mesopleuron with dense fine
subadjacent punctures, a little shining, its pubescence rather short.
Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons, clypeus, mandible ex-
cept apex and sometimes the base, hind margin and lower corner of
pronotum, apical part of the fore coxa in front, and large spot on
seventh tergite, white; apex of mandible ferruginous; palpi and under
side of scape pale fulvous; flagellum somewhat tinged with fulvous
below; legs, tegula, first abdominal segment, second abdominal seg-
ment except for a subapical tergal band, and much of third abdominal
segment, rufous; wings subhyaline or faintly infuscate; middle and
hind tarsi fuscous apically.
Frmate: Forewing 7.5 to 9.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons
short and orange, arising from distinctly separated punctures on a
rather smooth but mat background; apical margin of clypeus broadly
angled to a rounded median point; second flagellar segment about
6.0 as long as wide; groove of pronotum with fine, weak, oblique
wrinkles; pygidial area polished, without evident punctures.
Black, without iridescence. Apical part of mandible rufous; palpi
pale brown, darker basally, underside of flagellum tinged with fulvous
apically; tegula reddish brown; legs fulvous, the last tarsal segment
brown; wings faintly to rather strongly infuscate.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI Lok
The infuscation of the wings varies with the locality, being darkest
in Florida and paler northward and westward. Most specimens from
the Carolinian fauna are definitely paler winged than most of those
from the Austroriparian. The infuscation of the wings of males
varies somewhat in the same direction; but the wings are never more
than faintly infuscate, so the locality differences are less conspicuous
than in females.
Specimens (190, 639): From Alabama (Wadley); District of
Columbia (Washington); Florida (Monticello, Orange County, Or-
lando, and Tarpon Springs); Georgia (Atlanta, Billys Island in the
Okefenokee Swamp, Stone Mountain, Thomasville, and Tifton);
Louisiana (Opelousas); Maryland (Cabin John, Glen Echo, and
Takoma Park); North Carolina (Elizabethtown, Fayetteville, John-
ston County, Murfreesboro, Raleigh, and Wallace); South Carolina
(Columbia, Greenville, and McClellanville); and Texas (Brazos
County, Fedor, Kerrville, and New Braunfels).
The collecting dates are scattered from midspring to early fall,
unusually early and late dates of interest being Mar. 19 at Tarpon
Springs, Fla.; Apr. 30 at Elizabethtown, N. C.; May 11 at Raleigh,
N. C.; Sept. 4 at Greenville, S. C.; Oct. 138 at Murfreesboro, N. C.;
and Nov. 9 in Brazos County, Tex. In my own collecting experience
the species is often moderately common in the undergrowth of damp
bottomland woods. A female in the Strandtmann collection was
reared ‘‘11-9-35” from a mud cell found near the Brazos River, Texas.
This species occurs in the Gulf and Atlantic States from Texas to
Maryland, the habitat being damp bottomland woods. Adults fly
from midspring to early fall.
5. Auplopus mellipes (Say)
Mate: Forewing 5.5 to 7.5 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus
straight medially, angularly produced laterally, between the lateral
corners much thickened (see from below); mandible with a strong
bend at the middle; second segment of flagellum about 4.0 as long as
wide, the penultimate segment about 2.8 as long as wide; mesopleuron
with dense, fine, subadjacent punctures, a little shining, its pubescence
rather short.
Black. Face and clypeus except often for a narrow median stripe,
lower lateral corner of frons, underside of scape, mandible except at
the base and apex, and a large median spot on seventh tergite, white;
apex of mandible ferruginous; flagellum tinged with fulvous beneath;
wings subhyaline; abdomen usually tinged with fulvous laterally;
coloration of palpi, tegula, and legs varying according to the sub-
species.
Frmate: Forewing 6.5 to 9.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons very
short, pale, arising from fine subadjacent punctures on a mat or sub-
152 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
polished background; apical margin of clypeus broadly angled to a
rounded median point; second flagellar segment about 4.8 as long as
wide; groove of pronotum with rudimentary fine, oblique wrinkles;
pygidial area mat, apically with scattered punctures that are separated
by about 2.5 their diameter.
Black, without iridescence. A very narrow line on inner orbit
fulvous; flagellum fulvescent beneath; apical part of mandible ferrugi-
nous; palpi pale brown, darker basally; tegula brown; coloration of
rest of legs varying with the subspecies; wings subhyaline.
There are three subspecies, differentiated on the basis of leg colora-
tion, all in the eastern half of the United States and Canada.
5a. Auplopus mellipes mellipes (Say)
Pompilus mellipes Say, 1836, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 304 (Leconte
editiou, vol. 2, p. 746), 9. Type: 92, Indiana (destroyed).
Agenia fulvipes Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea... , vol. 1, p. 92, 9.
Types: 9 9, Pennsylvania and South Carolina (Lund).
Pseudagenia mellipes var. interior Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol.
19, p. 233 [9]. Type: 9, Southern Pines, N. C. (Cambridge).
Biology: Rau, 1916, Journ. Animal Behavior, vol. 6, pp. 42-48, fig. 22; 1918,
Wasp studies afield, pp. 84-89; 1926, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 25,
pp. 196-197, and pp. 342-358, figs. 37-40; 1928, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol.
21, p. 26.—Krombein, 1952, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, pp. 176-177.
Saal
Ficure 82.—Localities for Auplopus mellipes mellipes.
Mats: Palpi pale fulvous, fuscous basally; tegula and legs fulvous,
the middle and hind tarsi usually mostly fuscous, the fore and middle
coxae usually partly fuscous, and the hind coxa partly to mostly
fuscous.
FrMaue: Legs beyond coxae fulvous, the tibial spurs and the tarsi
apically brown. The dark stripe on the inner side of the hind tibia,
which Banks described for his variety interior, is due to dirt in the
tibial brush of his type.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 158
SPECIMENS (58, 1499): From Alabama (Coosa River in Chilton
County); Arkansas (Imboden); District of Columbia (Washington);
Florida (Hillsboro County, Lake County, Orange County, Osceola
County, Pasco County, Polk County, Seminole County, and Winter
Park); Georgia (Atlanta and Billys Island in the Okefenokee Swamp) ;
Illinois (Bloomington) ; Iowa (Sioux City); Kansas (Baldwin, Douglas
County, Manhattan, and Onaga County); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin
John, Cambridge, Glen Echo, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park);
Missouri (St. Louis); New Jersey (Moorestown and Riverton);
North Carolina (Crabtree Meadows at 3,600 ft. in Yancey County,
Elizabeth City, Long Beach, Mount Mitchell, Raleigh, Southern
Pines, and Statesville); Ohio (Bridgeport and Put in Bay); Ontario
(Pelee Island); Pennsylvania (Marianna, Marsh Run in York County,
Philadelphia, and Valley Forge); South Carolina (Columbia and
McClellanville); Tennessee (Marshall); Texas (College Station,
Commerce, Dallas, Eastland County, Hopkins County, Liberty Hill,
Paris, and Victoria); and Virginia (Arlington, Chain Bridge, Dead
Run in Fairfax County, Dunn Loring, Falls Church, Lake Drummond,
Little Bald Knob in Augusta County, Mount Vernon, and Rosslyn).
The specimens at hand from Put in Bay, Ohio and Pelee Island,
Ontario, and one from Carver County, Minn. are intermediate to the
subspecies varvitarsatus.
Dates of capture are rather evenly distributed from late spring to
midfall, unusually early and late dates being Apr. 4 at Commerce,
Tex.; Apr. 11 at Marianna, Pa.; Apr. 24 at Plummers Island, Md.;
Apr. 30 at Raleigh, N. C.; May 2 at Atlanta, Ga.; Sept. 27 at Onaga,
Kans.; Oct. 20 at Washington, D. C.; Nov. 13 in Pasco County, Fla.;
and Dec. 23 in Orange County, Fla. This species is commonest in
moist woods.
Rearing records are as follows: Two males on Apr. 4, 1939, from a
mud nest taken at Commerce, Tex.; a male and two females on
July 14, 1946, from a mud nest taken at Victoria, Tex.; two males
and a female on May 21 and 25, 1917, from a nest in a vial taken at
Plummers Island, Md., by H. L. Viereck; a male on Aug. 20, 1945,
from an old Trypoxylon politum nest taken in Maryland by Morton
Vogel; and some specimens in the U. 5. National Museum from an
abandoned Polistes comb collected by J. C. Bridwell. Rau records
it using various holes and crevices, especially old nests of Sceliphron
caementarium, which serve both as sources of building material and
as crannies for its own mud cells. Females are very frequently found
in houses, probably entering in search of nesting sites. Rau records
Phidippus sp. and Pisaurina undata as prey, and Chrysis pattoni as
a social parasite.
154. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas,
in woods. The dividing line between it and the subspecies varii-
tarsatus seems to coincide with the farthest southward extent of
glaciation. Adults are on the wing from late spring to midfall.
Figure 83.—Locality for Auplopus mellipes meridianus.
5b. Auplopus mellipes meridianus, new subspecies
Mate: Unknown.
Frmae: Front coxa black, rufous at the extreme apex; middle and
hind coxae rufous, infuscate basally; legs beyond coxae rufous, the
tibial spurs and the tarsi apically brown.
TypsE: 9, Paradise Key, Fla., Apr. 7, 1951, H. and M. Townes
(Townes).
Paratyprs: 29, Paradise Key, Fla., Apr. 6, 1951, H. and M. Townes
(Townes).
de. Auplopus mellipes variitarsatus (Dalla Torre), new status
Pompilus (Agenia) varipes Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 126,
? (preoccupied). Type: 9, Illinois (Philadelphia).
Agentia variitarsata Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum . . ., vol. 8,
p. 210 (new name).
Maus: Palpi brownish to fulvous, infuscate at the base; tegula
fulvous to dark brown; coxae blackish, the front coxa sometimes
partly fulvous; front leg beyond coxa entirely fulvous or sometimes
with fuscous areas; middle leg beyond coxa ranging from entirely
fulvous with the tarsi brownish to almostly entirely blackish; hind
leg blackish, often somewhat tinged with fulvous.
Frmaue: Legs black or blackish brown, with fulvous stains on the
front of the fore tibia, much of fore tarsus, and at most of the joints.
Specimens intermediate to the typical subspecies are a female from
Zumbra Heights, Carver County, Minn. (Townes); four males from
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI £55
Put-in-Bay, Ohio (Cambridge) and a male from Point, Pelee, Ontario
(Cambridge). The intermediate specimen from Zumbra Heights,
Minn., was collected with two typical females of the present subspecies.
SPECIMENS (160%, 759): From Connecticut (East Hartford and
Killingly Pond); Illinois; Iowa (Sioux City); Maine (Lincoln County,
Northeast Harbor, and Strong); Michigan (Allenville, Ann Arbor,
Detroit, and Montmorency County); Minnesota (Hennepin County,
Itasca Park, Lake Pepin, Olmstead County, and Zumbra Heights in
Carver County); New Brunswick (Douglas Harbor on Grand Lake,
and Fredericton); New Hampshire (Silver Lake at Chesham); New
York (Allegany State Park, Cayuta Lake, East Aurora, Frontenac
Ficure 84.—Localities for Auplopus mellipes variitarsatus.
Point on Cayuga Lake, Ithaca, McLean Bogs in Tompkins County,
North Hamlin, New Russia in Essex County, Onteroa Mt. in Greene
County, Slaterville, and Wilson); Nova Scotia (Halifax, Kentville,
and Round Hill); Ontario (Grimsby, Gull Lake in the Muskoka
District, Jordan, Orillia, and Ottawa); Pennsylvania (Paupack and
White Haven); Quebec (Aylmer); Vermont (Laurel Lake near
Jacksonville); and Virginia (Falls Church).
Collection records are from June 13 to Sept. 8, with three records
earlier than June 13. Especially early and late records are Apr. 18
at Ann Arbor, Mich.; Apr. 27 at Grimsby, Ont.; June 3 in McLean
Bogs, Tompkins County, N. Y.; June 13 at Itasca Park, Minn.;
Sept. 3 at Hast Hartford, Conn.; Sept. 7 in Hennepin County, Minn.;
and Sept. 8 at Ithaca, N. Y., and at Aylmer, Quebec. Biological
notes associated with these specimens include four collections in
woods, one on a log in woods, one on sand, one from honeydew under
Pinus strobus, one on flowers of Eupatorium perfoliatum, three females
“bred from mud cells under log” (no other data), and a female bred
July 17, 1947, from a log of Betula papyrifera at Strong, Maine.
156 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This species occurs in Canadian and Transition woods from the
Atlantic west to Minnesota. The only record from south of Penn-
sylvania and Iowa is based on a female taken at Falls Church, Va.,
May 27, 1918, by R. A. Cushman (Washington). The flight range
is from late in April to early in September.
6. Auplopus mexicanus (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) mexicanus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 1380, 9. Lectotype: 9, Vera Cruz, México (Philadelphia).
Mate: Forewing about 9 mm. long; clypeus short, its apical edge
much thickened and with a deep semicircular impression or notch
on each side of the middle; mandible with a strong bend at the middle;
second segment of flagellum about 4.7 as long as wide, the penultimate
segment about 3.4 as long as wide; mesopleuron with small adjacent
punctures, not shining, its pubescence of moderate length.
Ficure 85.—Localities for Auplopus mexicanus.
Black. Head and thorax with a faint dark greenish iridescence.
Lateral 0.35 and apical margin of clypeus, lateral 0.15 of face, and
part of underside of scape whitish; part of underside of scape, under-
side of flagellum, tegula, apices of coxae, and legs beyond coxae
fulvous, the middle and hind tarsi infuscate except basally; palpi
brown; wings hyaline.
Fremaue: Forewing 10.7 to 12.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons
very short, pale, arising from fine adjacent punctures; apical margin
of clypeus broadly arcuate with a weak median angulation; second
flagellar segment about 6.4 as long as wide; groove of pronotum with
rather coarse cross wrinkles; pygidial area mat, with a few very fine
punctures apically.
Dull black, without iridescence. Apex of mandible ferruginous;
palpi dark brown; tegula mostly brown; legs beyond coxae fulvous,
the tibial spurs brown, and the tarsi apically dark brown; wings
hyaline.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 157
SpecIMENS: 9, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., June 15, 1920, F. X. Williams
(San Francisco). of, 9, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., Apr. 29
and May 5, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 92 (type), Vera
Cruz, México (Philadelphia).
7. Auplopus mollis, new species
Mate: Unknown.
FEMALE: Forewing 8.0 to 9.5 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons short,
whitish, and dense, arising from fine adjacent punctures; apical mar-
gin of clypeus broadly angled to a rounded median point; second
flagellar segment about 4.5 as long as wide; groove of pronotum with
weak cross wrinkles; pygidial area polished, without evident punctures.
Ficure 86.—Localities for Auplopus mollis.
Black, with a greenish blue iridescence that is strong on the head
and thorax, weak on the coxae and abdomen. A narrow line on front
orbit and part of apical edge of clypeus fulvous; apex of mandible
rufous; palpi brown; tegula mostly pale brown; legs beyond coxae light
rufous, the tibial spurs, middle and hind tarsi, and front tarsus beyond
the first segment infuscate; wings hyaline.
Type: 2, Mission, Tex., July 22, 1931, L. G. Plyler (Washington,
USNM 61701).
Paratypss: 9, taken from grapefruit tree, San Benito, Tex., Aug.
15, 1931, W. R. Heard (Townes). 9, taken from cabin of plane
(from México), at Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 22, 1943 (Washington).
9, taken from cabin of plane (from Guatemala) at Brownsville, Tex.,
Apr. 15, 1945 (Washington).
8. Auplopus caerulescens (Dahlbom)
Mate: Forewing 4 to 5 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus a little
concave, the apex thin and simple; mandible evenly curved; second
347756—57——11
158 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
segment of flagellum about 3.2 as long as wide, the penultimate seg-
ment about 1.9 as long as wide; mesopleuron mat, with fine close
punctures, its pubescence of moderate length, whitish and conspicu-
ous; squama of genitalia unusually narrow and with an unusually
strong median ventral protuberance.
Fremaue: Forewing 5.0 to 7.0 mm. long; clothing hairs of frons pale,
faintly broader and more conspicuous than in A. nigrellus and A.
architectus, arising from fine subadjacent punctures on a mat back-
ground; apical margin of clypeus broadly angled to a weak median
point; second flagellar segment about 3.7 as long as wide; venation of
forewing as noted in the key; groove of pronotum without distinct
cross wrinkles; pygidial area polished, without evident punctures.
Coloration of both sexes blackish brown with a weak (male) or
strong (female) greenish blue iridescence which is strongest on the
thorax; head, antenna, mouth parts, legs, and abdomen with variable
amounts of fulvous coloration, according to the subspecies; tegula
light brown. Male with the apical half of mandible, clypeus except
for a median spot, face except for a median spot, lower lateral corners
of frons, and a large median spot on the last tergite, white. Female
with the apical half of the mandible fulvous.
This is one of three Nearctic species with blackish legs and body
with a bluish or greenish iridescence, the other two being architectus
and nigrellus. Males are easily separated, but the females with diffi-
culty. Some females of the present species have the legs partly ful-
vous and these are easily recognized as belonging here, since neither
architectus nor nigrellus ever have the legs thus marked. Females of
caerulescens without fulvous on the legs are difficult and often impos-
sible to differentiate. (See the comparisons of the three species in the
key to females.)
There are three subspecies as indicated below.
8a. Auplopus caerulescens subcorticalis (Walsh)
Agenia subcorticalis Walsh, 1869, Amer. Ent., vol. 1, p. 162, @, 9. Types:
o', @, ?Illinois (lost).
Pseudagenia antennalis Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 251, 9. Type: 9,
Fedor, Lee County, Tex., May 29, Birkmann (Cambridge).
Pseudagenia ariella Banks, 1941, Canadian Ent., vol. 73, p. 122, [9] (mew syn-
onymy). Lectotype: 9, Tempe, Ariz., Aug. 1, J. Bequaert (Cambridge).
Marked with fulvous stains on antenna, front femur, tibia, tarsus,
and apex of coxa. The fulvous markings are often extensive, approach-
ing those of the subspecies caerulescens. The arbitrary division be-
tween the two is whether the middle femur is mostly blackish (sub-
species subcorticalis) or fulvous (subspecies caerulescens).
Specimens (2406', 449): From Arizona (Tempe and Tucson);
British Columbia (Salmon Arm); California (Needles); Colorado
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 159
(Boulder); District of Columbia (Washington); Iowa (Iowa City and
Sioux City); Kansas (Lawrence, Onaga, and Riley County); Mary-
land (Cabin John, Plummers Island, and Takoma Park); Minnesota
(St. Anthony Park); New Jersey (Camden and Moorestown); North
Carolina (Crabtree Meadows in Yancey County at 3,600 ft.); Ohio
(Athens); Ontario (Ottawa); Pennsylvania (Arendtsville and Mount
Holly Springs); Texas (Devils River, Fedor, McLennan County,
Victoria, and Williamson County); Virginia (Arlington, Dixie Land-
ing, and East Falls Church); and México (Guayamas).
Most collection dates are from late in May through August. Un-
usually early and late records of interest are: Apr. 1 to 6 at Needles,
Calif.; Apr. 2 at Victoria, Tex.; Apr. 11 at Guayamas, México; May 5
at Devils River, Tex.; May 24 at Lawrence, Kans.; May 28 at Athens,
Ohio; Oct. 5 at Onaga, Kans., Oct. 9 in Williamson County, Tex.;
and Oct. 23, rearea from a pomegranate from México.
Ficure 87.—Localities for Auplopus caerulescens subcorticalis.
Rearing records are as follows: 9, reared Apr. 2, 1907, from cell
found under bark, Victoria, Tex., J. D. Mitchell; 3<7, reared Oct. 23,
1931, from mud cells taken from pomegranate from México, J. D.
Smith; o’, 9, emerged May 28, 1940, from material collected Feb. 10,
1940, at Athens, Ohio. The type material of suwbcorticalis was from
mud cells found under bark and this form was originally differentiated
from A. architectus partly by the fact that the cells were placed under
bark rather than under stones.
The range of this subspecies covers most of the United States,
southern Canada, and Northern México. It overlaps the range of
the Southeastern subspecies caerulescens, but apparently not the range
of the subspecies floridanus of Florida to South Carolina. Adults
occur from late spring to early fall. The mud cells are placed under
loose bark.
160 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
8b. Auplopus caerulescens caerulescens (Dahlbom)
Agenia caerulescens Dahlbom, 1843, Hymenoptera Europaea, vol. 1, p. 93, 9.
Type: 9, South Carolina (Lund).
Pseudagenia coerulescens (!) Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19,
p. 232. o, 2 (misspelling).
Marked with fulvous as follows: Often the median spot on clypeus
of male, often part of clypeus of female, front, middle, and often the
hind femur, variable extents of the coxae, tibiae, and tarsi, and some-
times basolateral stains on abdomen. This subspecies integrades
with both subcorticalis and floridanus, the arbitrary limits between it
and the other two subspecies being indicated in the keys.
Ficure 88.—Localities for Auplopus caerulescens caerulescens.
Specimens: o', Manhattan, Kans., May 1948, Jas. B. Kring
(Evans). o, Pottawatomie County, Kans., July 15, 1950, H. E.
Evans (Evans). 9, Homer, La., Nov. 8, 1907, F. C. Pratt (Wash-
ington). 2c, Missouri (Washington). 9%, Fayetteville, N. C., early
June 1921, C. S. Brimley (Raleigh). 9°, Fayetteville, N. C., May 4,
1939, D. L. Wray (Raleigh). 9, Austin, Tex., Jan. 8, 1904, C. Hart-
mann (Washington). of, Brazos County, Tex., May 11, 1941, R. W.
Strandtmann (Strandtmann). 9, Dallas, Tex., Apr. 17, Cushman
(Washington). 9, McLennan County, Tex., Aug. 26, 1939, J. E.
Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 9, Mexia, Tex., Oct. 5, 1937, J. E.
Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.) 5c, Williamson County, Tex.,
Apr. 8 and 21, 1939, Apr. 21, 1934, Apr. 25, 1936, and Aug. 12, 1935,
J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 39, Williamson County, Tex.,
Aug. 14, 1935, Oct. 5, 1938, and Oct. 21, 1933, J. E. Gillaspy (College
Station, Tex.). 407, 62, Texas (Washington, Lawrence, and Townes).
This subspecies occurs from the Carolinas west to central Kansas
and Texas.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 161
Ficure 89.—Localities for Auplopus caerulescens floridanus.
8c. Auplopus caerulescens floridanus (Banks)
Pseudagenia floridana Banks, 1921, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 14, p. 21, 9.
Type: 9, St. Augustine, Fla., Apr. 17 (Cambridge).
Marked with fulvous as follows: Most of antenna, median areas of
male clypeus and frons, female clypeus, face, lower lateral parts of
frons, mandible, coxae except more or less of their upper outer sides,
more or less of trochanters, femora except often for stripes along
upper side of middle and hind femur, more or less of tibiae below,
stains on tarsi, and more or less of the abdomen laterally and ventrally.
This subspecies intergrades somewhat with the subspecies caerules-
cens. The characters for the arbitrary division between these two
are indicated in the keys.
SPECIMENS: co’, Marion County, Fla., Apr. 9, 1930, H. I. Keck
(Washington). 29, Osceola County, Fla., Aug. 7, 1929, J. J. Kirkland
(Washington). @ (type), St. Augustine, Fla., Apr. 17 (Cambridge).
9, Seminole County, Fla., June 24, 1929, J. E. Sadler (Washing-
ton). 29, Seminole County, Fla., July 29, 1929, H. Clark (Wash-
ington). o', 9, Tarpon Springs, Fla., Mar. 19 and 21, 1950, H.
Townes (Townes). <7, Columbia, S. C., Aug. 18, 1951, G. F. Townes
(Townes). 507, 29, McClellanville, S.C., May 10, 17, 18 and 19, 1944,
H. and G. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies occurs in the Austroriparian fauna from Florida
to South Carolina.
9. Auplopus architectus (Say)
Mate: Forewing 5.5 to 7.0 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus a
little concave, the apex thin and a little reflexed; mandible evenly
curved; second segment of flagellum about 3.2 as long as wide, the
162 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
penultimate segment about 1.65 as long as wide; mesopleuron mat,
with fine close punctures, its pubescence of moderate length, whitish;
long erect setae on mesopleuron unusually numerous.
Black. Head and thorax with a strong greenish blue iridescence;
legs and abdomen with a weak or faint dark bluish iridescence; stripe
on lateral 0.12+ of face, extending to lower part of frons, whitish;
tegula, palpi, and sometimes front femur and tibia sometimes brownish;
wings faintly infuscate.
Fremaue: Forewing 6.0 to 9.0 mm. long; clothing hair of frons
short, rather dark, arising from subadjacent punctures on a mat
background; apical margin of clypeus broadly angled to a rounded
median point; second flagellar segment about 4.7 as long as wide;
groove of pronotum without distinct cross wrinkles; venation as
noted in the key; pygidial area polished, without evident punctures.
Black, with a bright greenish blue iridescence, strong on the head
and thorax, weaker on the legs and abdomen. Wings hyaline to
weakly infuscate, according to the subspecies.
This is one of three Nearctic species of Auplopus with black legs
and body and a strong iridescence, the other two being caerulescens
and nigrellus. The three are easily separated in the male, but with
difficulty in the female (see the comparisons in the keys). There are
two subspecies of architectus—metallicus of the Pacific States and
British Columbia and architectus mostly east of the Rocky Mountains.
9a. Auplopus architectus metallicus (Banks)
Pseudagenia metallica Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 125,
Q. Type: 9, Claremont, Calif. (Cambridge).
This subspecies differs in averaging a Jittle smaller, with darker
iridescence, fewer long erect hairs, and the wings somewhat more
Figure 90.—Localities for Auplopus architectus metallicus.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 163
infuscate, especially in the female. See the keys for a more exact
comparison. Specimens from New Mexico, Arizona, and northern
México tend to be intermediate between this and the typical sub-
species.
SPECIMENS (43<7, 1339): From British Columbia (Kaslo, Midday
Valley at Merritt, Salmon Arm, Steelhead, Vernon, and Victoria);
California (Antioch, Berkeley, Brentwood, Carmel, Davis, E] Dorado
County, Fairfax, Forest Home in San Bernadino County, Lafayette
in Contra Costa County, Leavitt Meadows in Mono County, Mar-
tinez, Menlo Park, Mill Valley, Mokelumne Hill, Morgan Hill,
Murphys, Niles Canyon in Alameda County, Oakland, Patterson,
Quincy, San Francisco, Santa Anna, Santa Clara, Saticoy, southern
Sonoma County, Tomales Bay, Tracy, Ventura, Westley, and Weston
in San Joaquin County); Montana (Lake Roman in Lake County);
Nevada (Reno); New Mexico (Beulah and Cloudcroft); Oregon
(Baker, Brookings, Colestin, Corvallis, Eugene, Grave Creek in
Josephine County, Hillsboro, Hood River, Lake of the Woods, and
Siskiyou Pass in Jackson County); and Washington (Pialschie and
Wawawai).
Most dates of capture are from May to early in October. Unusu-
ally early and late dates are: Mar. 27 at Berkeley, Calif.; Apr. 23 at
Corvallis, Oreg.; Apr. 24 at Berkeley, Calif.; Oct. 9 at Corvallis, Oreg.;
Oct. 10 at Whittier, Calif.; Oct. 15 at Davis and Fairfax, Calif.;
Oct. 16 at Carmel and Ventura, Calif.; and Oct. 27 at Antioch, Calif.
Biological data associated with these specimens are: 2 with prey
(a salticid o), Lafayette, Contra Costa County, Calif., Sept. 9, 1948,
KE. G. Linsley; and 9, bred from Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Pialschie,
Wash., H. E. Burke.
This subspecies occurs west of the Rocky Mountains, intergrading
with the subspecies architectus in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico,
and northern México.
9b. Auplopus architectus architectus (Say)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 30
Pompilus architectus Say, 1836, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 302 (Leconte
edition, vol. 2, p. 744), 9. Type: 9, Ohio (destroyed).
Biology: Walsh and Riley, 1869, Amer. Ent., vol. 1, pp. 132, 163.—Wickham,
1898, Ent. News, vol. 9, p. 47.
This subspecies differs in averaging a little larger, with paler iri-
descence, more long erect hairs, and the wings nearly hyaline. (See
the keys for a more exact comparison.)
Say’s description of architectus includes a description of the nests
and the places these are found. These biological notes fit the present
species very closely and show that the name should be applied here
rather than to nigrellus or caerulescens.
164 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Specimens (150, 1469): From Alabama (Mobile and Mont-
gomery) ; Arizona (Mount Lemmon, Oak Creek Canyon, Parker Creek
in the Sierra Ancha, and on the road to Peterson Ranch in the Hua-
chucha Mts.); Colorado (Poudre Canyon in Larimer County and
Texas Creek); Connecticut (East Hartford); District of Columbia
(Washington); Georgia (Cornelia); Kansas (Douglas County, Man-
hattan, and St. George); Maryland (Mayo Beach and Takoma Park) ;
Massachusetts (Forest Hills); Minnesota (Rosebush Township in
Cook County and Washington County); New Brunswick (Frederic-
ton); New Mexico (Jemez Springs); New York (Farmingville, Ithaca,
and Taughanic Falls); North Carolina (Hamrick, Perquimans, Mount
} J
3 Vi
Figure 91.—Localities for Auplopus architectus architectus.
Pisgah, Raleigh, and Swannanoa); Ohio; Ontario (Ottawa); Pennsyl-
vania (Linglestown); Quebec (Knowlton); South Carolina (Green-
ville); Texas (Davis Mts., Eastland County, Hunt County, and
Liberty Hill); Virginia (Arlington, Dunn Loring, and Skyline Drive);
West Virginia (Bolivar); and México (Huanchinango in Puebla,
Nombre de Dios in Durango, Sombrerete in Zacatecas, and Teoti-
huacdn in “‘Pyr.’’).
Specimens have been caught mostly from midspring well into the
fall. The species seems particularly common during the first half of
October. Early and late records of interest are: Feb. 22 in Eastland
County, Tex.; Apr. 11 at Liberty Hill, Tex.; Apr. 2 at Greenville,
S.C.; Apr. 25 at Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz.; Apr. 27 at Cornelia,
Ga., and Raleigh, N. C.; May 15 at Washington, D. C.; June 1 at
Boston, Mass.; Oct. 9 at Mayo Beach, Md.; Oct. 21 at Raleigh, N. C.;
Oct. 29 at Manhattan, Kans.; and Dec. 18 at Mobile, Ala. Biological
notes with these specimens include one collection from nectaries of
Ricinus communis; one collection at Quercus honeydew; one collection
in woods; one collection ‘‘on forest floor’; one collection from sand
along a stream; three different rearings from mud cells found under
stones; two rearings from mud cells of unspecified origin; one with
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 165
prey (Misumenops oblongus 9, with legs cut off) taken by H. E. Evans
at Manhattan, Kans.; and another with prey (Phidippus audaz
immature) taken by H. E. Evans at Ithaca, N. Y. In my own col-
lecting experience this subspecies is common in pastures and aban-
doned fields, rather than in woods as is the case with A. nigrellus.
Its mud cells are somewhat more rotund and more perfectly made of
harder clay than with certain other species. Always they are under
a stone in the open, in an irregular group of usually three to five,
plastered to the stone and against one another, in a place the stone
happened to be raised above the soil enough to give the female space.
This subspecies occurs in the Transition to Austroriparian Zones
from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains and west of the Rocky
Mountains into Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. It intergrades
with the more western subspecies (A. architectus metallicus) in these
three States and in northern México. Adults occur throughout the
growing season, usually in overgrown fields. The nests are under
stones in the open.
10. Auplopus nigrellus (Banks), new combination
PuaTE 1, FIGURE 11
Pseudagenia nigrella Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 232,
9. Lectotype: 9, North Fork of Swannanoa River, Black Mt., N. C.,
May. (Cambridge).
Pseudagenia nanella Banks, 1912, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p. 198, [9]. Lecto-
type: 2, Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y., Sept. 5 to 10 (Cambridge).
Ficure 92.—Localities for Auplopus nigrellus.
Mats: Forewing 4.7 to 6.0 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus a
little concave, the apex thin and a little reflexed; mandible evenly
curved; second segment of flagellum about 3.2 as long as wide, the
penultimate segment about 1.65 as long as wide; mesopleuron mat,
166 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
with fine punctures, its pubescence moderately short, whitish, or
dusky.
Black. Head, thorax, and coxae with a dark greenish blue irides-
cence; legs beyond coxae and abdomen with a similar but fainter
iridescence; lateral 0.3-+ of clypeus and lateral 0.25+ of face whitish;
palpi and tegula dark brown; wings subhyaline.
Fema.e: Forewing 4.5 to 6.8 mm. long; clothing hairs on frons
short and rather dark, arising from fine distinctly separated punc-
tures on a mat background; apical margin of clypeus broadly angled
to a rounded median point; second flagellar segment about 3.8 as
long as wide; pronotal groove without distinct cross wrinkles; vena-
tion as noted in the key; pygidial area polished, without evident
punctures.
Black, with a dark greenish blue iridescence, rather strong on the
head and thorax, rather weak on the legs and abdomen; wings sub-
hyaline. The iridescence of this species is usually a little darker
than in architectus or caerulescens.
Two other Nearctic species of Auplopus superficially similar to the
present species are caerulescens and architectus. Males of the three
are easily separated, but females with difficulty; females of nigrellus
can usually be distinguished from those of architectus, but often not
from those of caerulescens (see the comparisons in the keys).
SPECIMENS (113 o', 779): from Arizona (Oak Creek Canyon);
California (Claremont and the Mojave Desert); Colorado (Colorado
Springs, Denver, and near Estes Park); Connecticut (Chester and
East Hartford); District of Columbia (Washington); Iowa (Sioux
City); Kansas (Lawrence and Manhattan); Kentucky (Mammoth
Cave); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John, Glen Echo, Mayo, Plummers
Island, and Takoma Park); Michigan (Mackinac Island, Mecosta
County, and Montmorency County); Minnesota (Aitkin County,
Alexandria, and Pope County); New Jersey (Riverton); New Mexico
(Cloudcroft and Highrolls); New York (Ithaca and Sea Cliff); North
Carolina (Hamrick and Raleigh); Oregon (Blooming); Pennsylvania
(Dupont); Tennessee (La Follette); Texas (Del Rio, Eastland County,
and Fort Davis); Vermont (Laurel Lake near Jacksonville); Virginia
(Arlington, Dunn Loring, Great Falls, and Skyline Drive); and
México (20 miles north of Comondt in Baja California).
Collecting dates are from late spring to early fall, or May 10 to
Sept. 15 in most of its range. Some dates of capture outside of this
span are: Mar. 20 at Washington, D. C.; Apr. 2 at Eastland, Tex.;
Apr. 12 at Claremont, Calif.; May 9 at Lawrence, Kans., and in the
Mojave Desert, Calif.; Sept. 22 at Cabin John, Md.; Sept. 24 at
Manhattan, Kans.; and Oct. 26 and 31 at Takoma Park, Md. Bio-
logical data associated with the specimens are: one collection from
pitch-pine honeydew; five collections in woods; two collections ‘‘on
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 167
forest floor’; and a male reared May 9, 1911, from a mud cell found
under a stone on golf links at Lawrence, Kans., by F. X. Williams.
My own collecting experience indicates the typical habitat to be on
or near the ground in rather open woods or along the edges of woods,
usually in sunny spots.
This species appears to occur in most of the United States, southern
Canada, and northern México. Definite records from many of the
southeastern states, and from the Northwest, except for a single
capture in Oregon, are lacking. Adults occur on or near the ground
in open woods or along the edges of woods. They are on the wing
from late spring to early fall.
Genus Ageniella Banks
Clypeus of moderate size, the apical margin truncate, somewhat
concave, or convex, often with a median blunt point; mentum of
female with a few long, slender, weakly curved hairs; front tibia with-
out one of the apical bristles specialized; dorsal edge of hind tibia
smooth in the male, smooth or serrate in the female; last tarsal seg-
ment with or without preapical bristles beneath; propodeum without,
or sometimes with a few long erect hairs; first tergite without a line
separating off the epipleuron; female without a pygidial area; sub-
genital plate of male rather narrow.
This genus is best developed in the Neotropics, with a considerable
body of species occurring in the southern portion of the Nearctic
Region. It seems not to occur in the Old World, unless the oriental
Meragenia should be included as a subgenus. Ageniella leucippe Banks
1941, described from the Solomon Islands, is a species of Auplopus
(new combination). The species have considerable structural diver-
sity and may be separated into natural groups, the more distinct of
which are treated here as subgenera.
Keys to the subgenera of Ageniella
MALES
1, Propodeum with long erect sparse hairs, in addition to the short pubescence;
third cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein near its basal 0.35.
Ameragenia (p. 215)
Propodeum without long erect hairs or with only a very few such hairs; third
cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein near or beyond its middle. . 2
2. Sixth sternite with a median apical rounded eminence; face and clypeus black,
the face on each side with a narrow longitudinal white or yellowish mark
(this mark sometimes obsolescent); spurs of fore and middle tibiae usually
stramineus or dusky stramineus (exception: A. reynoldst); spurs of hind
tibia fuscous; forewing 4.5 to 8.5 mm.long. .. . . Leucsphrus (p. 168)
Sixth sternite without a median apical rounded eminence; face and clypeus
usually black and without pale markings; tibial spurs variously colored;
fOrewlligie-o0 10:0) mums longeny Ges se" wip ae ies Wel eee ta
168 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Sixth sternite with a median longitudinal low polished ridge; pronotum elongate;
brush on inner side of hind tibia with a subapical interruption; a species
with black body and red abdomen. .... . . . .Nemagenia (p. 174)
Sixth sternite with a median, apical, weakly raised, rounded ridge, the sternite
impressed on each side of the ridge; brush on inner side of hind tibia without
a subapical interruption except in the accepta group of the subgenus Age-
niella; coloration various .. . ciby erie dno ae
4. Hind, middle, and front tibial eae Seniies or Wnatiisal Gn De arizonica the
spurs are ee infuscate but the whitish color still evident).
Priophanes (p. 176)
Hind tibial spurs fuscous; middle and front tibial spurs either white or
fuscous!!o Yi ay oe Raye RP ee nas ge cA rersioliin Gre! SG)
FEMALES
1. Propodeum with long sparse erect hairs in addition to the short pubescence;
third cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein near its basal 0.35;
bristles on hind tibia ee and stout, the tibia sometimes subserrate ex-
terpally 94. . . .. . Ameragenia (p. 215)
Propodeum without fone eae erect na or with only a few such hairs;
third cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein near or beyond its
middle (pl. 2, figs. 31, 32, 33, 34); bristles on hind tibia weaker. . . .. 2
2. Outer edge of hind fib Boot Sasa ees Big . . .Ageniella (p. 189)
Outer edge of hind tibia with one or two ion enainal rows of teeth. . . . . 3
3. Brush on inner side of hind tibia with a subapical interruption; pronotum
somewhat elongate. . .. . . . Nemagenia (p. 174)
Brush on inner side of hind tibia conta tel Apex! Soret es, ei glee Ltt
4. Teeth on outer edge of hind tibia weak, the tibia longitudinally concave be-
tween the dorsal and the very weak subdorsal rows cf teeth; lower edge of
mandible in its basal third somewhat rounded and without a distinct ridge;
apical hairless margin of clypeus narrow, mat to polished.
Leucophrus (p. 168)
Teeth on outer edge of hind tibia rather strong, the tibia not longitudinally
concave between the two rows of teeth; lower edge of mandible in its basal
third accentuated by a longitudinal ridge; apical hairless margin of clypeus
moderately wide, largely or entirely mat. . . . . . . Priophanes (p 176)
Subgenus Leucophrus Townes
Leucophrus Townes, 1951, U. 8S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, p. 917. Type:
Priocnemis semitincta Banks; original designation.
Clypeus rather short, its hairless apical margin narrow, mat to
polished, and not set off by a groove; lower edge of mandible in its
basal third somewhat rounded and without a distinct ridge (with a
more or less distinct ridge in all the other subgenera except Nema-
genia); mesopleuron without an oblique carina at the front end of its
transverse suture; propodeum with a few erect hairs of moderate
length; brush on inner side of hind tibia continuous to the apex; hind
tibia of female with a dorsal row of weak longitudinal teeth and a sub-
dorsal row of subobsolete tuberclelike teeth, between the two rows
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 169
the tibia longitudinally weakly grooved or concave; sixth sternite of
male with a short apical longitudinal ridge terminating in a rounded
eminence; subgenital plate of male with a median longitudinal ridge
which fades out before the apex.
Male with the face black but with a more or less distinct longitudinal
whitish or yellowish mark next the eye (not marked thus in the other
subgenera); spurs of fore and middle tibiae of male usually whitish to
dusky stramineous (blackish in A. reynoldsi); spurs of hind tibia of
male blackish.
This subgenus includes larger species. It seems well distinguished
from all the other subgenera, but is close to Nemagenia. Five species
are included, four from the southern portion of the Nearctic region
and an undetermined species from the State of Morelos in México
(Evans and Berkeley).
Keys to the species of the subgenus Leucophrus
MALES
12, Hirst three tergites ferruginous.or largely so") Ss SS ee se 2
Birstcnree tergites black or bIRctKIsh fo. Seo sul. ko hs eo)
2. Forewing slightly tinged with a the apex infuscate; veins of forewing
dark brown ... ... . . 1. semitincta (Banks)
Forewing tinged with sellaminte the apex Hines: veins of forewing brownish
stramineous, dark brown in the apical fuscous area. . 2. reynoldsi (Banks)
3. Upper part of head and of pronotum very densely punctate, the punctures so
close that these parts are dull and the ridges between neighboring punctures
on the frons are about 0.25 the diameter of the punctures . 3. incita (Banks)
Upper part of head and of pronotum rather densely punctate, but the punctures
separated enough that these parts are somewhat shining and the ridges be-
tween neighboring punctures on frons are about 0.35 the diameter of the
punctures! hy o0N 8 Ba S 1 2eoke aeiG. 2a5. e4efulgifrens: (Cresson)
FEMALES
eA bdontenderrucinousiwiay.cad 9a). Aiea enn spstok ay se ralenas.lenaneae
Abdomen black ... . bin ete
2. Wings weakly infuscate, the een ae of the ae Snes pabeeeence
of head and thorax silver gray; third cubital cell receiving the second recur-
rent vein at its middle. .. . .. . . . 1. semitincta (Banks)
Wings yellow, the apical margin of the forewne fuscous; pubescence of head
and thorax dark brown; third cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein
at its basalOlMary yl. ein. ‘ . . . 2, reynoldsi (Banks)
3. Clypeus, face, and frons ih Henne Paeen ibe scence that is not especially
long; top of head, of pronotum, and of mesothorax with dense pubescence;
wing veins fuscous. . . . . .. . . 8 incita (Banks)
Clypeus, face, and lower Teena poe of fone with dense, long, golden
pubescence; top of head, of pronotum, and of mesothorax with rather sparse
pubescence; wing veins yellowish brown. . . . . 4. fulgifrons (Cresson)
170 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 93.—Localities for Agentella semictincta.
1. Ageniella (Leucophrus) semitincta (Banks)
Priocnemis semitincta Banks, 1912, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p.197,[9]. Type: @,
Las Vegas, N. Mex. (Cambridge).
Ageniella festina Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 109, #@. Type:
o', Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Ageniella fraternella Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 109, ¢&.
Type: o, Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Priophanes holonis Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 174, [@].
Type: 9, Urbana, Ill. (Cambridge).
Matz: Forewing 4.7 to 7.8 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
dense, but these parts shining a little.
Blackish. Face with a longitudinal cream-colored mark next the
eye, this mark sometimes obsolescent; wings subhyaline, the apical
part of the forewing weakly infuscate; wing veins dark brown; spurs
of fore and middle tibiae stramineous or pale brown; first three ab-
dominal segments rufous; seventh tergite with a large white spot;
pubescence of head and thorax silver gray.
Frmaue: Forewing 5.7 to 8.5 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
dense; pubescence of face, clypeus, and lower lateral part of frons a
little longer than elsewhere; second recurrent vein received at the
middle of the third cubital cell.
Blackish. Wings tinged with brownish, the apical part of the fore-
wing darker; wing veins fuscous; abdomen rufous; pubescence of head
and thorax silver gray.
SPECIMENS (36 co’, 59 2): From Alabama (Tuscaloosa); California
(Blythe, Imperial County, and Westmorland); District of Columbia
(Washington); Florida (Cocoa); Georgia (MacCollum in Coweta
County and Sittons Gulch); Illinois (Urbana); Iowa (Sioux City);
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 171
Kansas (Baldwin, Cowley County, Doniphan County, Douglas
County, Lawrence, Manhattan, and Marshall County); Louisiana
(Opelousas); Maryland (Glen Echo); New Mexico (near Alamogordo
and Las Vegas); North Carolina (Raleigh); Ohio (Columbus); South
Carolina (Columbia); Texas (Brownsville); and Virginia (Falls
Church).
The species seems generally distributed in the Carolinian, Austro-
riparian, and Lower Sonoran faunal areas. Adults occur mostly in
June, July, and August. At Washington, D.C., they have been taken
from June 9 to Aug. 18; at Raleigh, N. C., from May 23 to Sept. 8,
and a female was taken at Blythe, Calif., on Oct. 3. There seems to
be no difference in the flight season of the sexes. A female from
Baldwin, Kans. and another from Raleigh, N. C., were taken while
transporting immature specimens of Agelenopsis sp. Both sexes have
been taken in numbers at the nectaries of Cassia nictitans, and at
Raleigh, N. C., both sexes were found frequenting a sunlit bare red-
clay bank, the females showing some interest in exploring the drying
cracks. One of the females caught there had the top of the head and
thorax plastered with dried red mud.
2. Ageniella (Leucophrus) reynoldsi (Banks)
Priocnemis reynoldst Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 12, 9. Type: 9, Fort
Reynolds, Colo. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 8.0 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous punctures
of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum very dense,
so that these parts are not at all shining.
Blackish. Face with an obsolescent longitudinal cream-colored
mark next the eye; wings yellowish, the apex of the forewing infuscate;
wing veins mostly brownish stramineous, but infuscate within the
Ficure 94.—Localities for Ageniella reynoldst.
172 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
fuscous apex of the forewing; spurs of fore and middle tibiae blackish
brown; first three abdominal segments ferruginous; seventh tergite
with a large white spot; pubescence of head and thorax silver gray.
Fremaue: Forewing 8.5 to 10.5 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
very dense; pubescence of clypeus, face, and lower lateral part of
frons a little longer than that elsewhere; third cubital cell receiving
the second recurrent vein at its basal 0.4.
Black. Wings yellow, the apical margin of the forewing fuscous;
wing veins yellowish brown; abdomen rufous; pubescence of head and
thorax dark brown.
SPECIMENS: @ (type), Fort Reynolds, Colo., ‘Mills’ (Cambridge).
9, Wallace County, Kans., July 10 (Washington). o, 3 9, on
Sphaeralcea angustifolia, 6 to 10 miles west of Fort Davis, Tex., at
5,000 ft., July 15 to 23, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Marfa,
Tex., July 15 to 23, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans).
3. Ageniella (Leucophrus) incita (Banks)
Cryptochetlus incitus Banks, 1911, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 234, @
Lectotype: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex., July 2, 1909, Birkman (Cambridge)
Mate: Forewing 6.7 to 7.5 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
Ficure 95.—Localities for Ageniella incita.
very dense, so that these parts are not at all shining. The punctures
on the frons are quite close, with their intervening ridges usually about
0.25 as wide as the diameter of the punctures.
Blackish. Face with a longitudinal cream-colored mark next to
the eye; wings weakly infuscate, the apical part of the forewing
darker; wing veins blackish brown; spurs of fore and middle tibiae
stramineous or pale brown; seventh tergite with a large white spot;
pubescence of head and thorax silver gray.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 173
FrMaA.e: Forewing 9.5 to 10.5 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
very dense; pubescence of clypeus, face, and lower lateral part of
frons a little longer than elsewhere; third cubital cell receiving the
second recurrent vein at its basal 0.45.
Black. Wings weakly infuscate, the apex of the forewing infuscate;
wing veins blackish brown; pubescence of head and thorax silver gray.
SpeciMENsS: 9, Manhattan, Kans., June 26, 1950, Tom Harvey
(Townes). 9, Onaga, Kans., June 26, 1922, Crevecoeur (Manhattan).
o', Brazos County, Tex., July 18, 1937, J. E. Gillaspy (College Sta-
tion, Tex.). 9, Brazos County, Tex., Oct. 1938, J. E. Gillaspy
(College Station, Tex.). 9, Fedor, Tex., October, Birkmann (Cam-
bridge). 9, Fedor, Tex. (Cambridge). 9, Giddings, Lee County,
Tex., July 6, 1946, H. E. Evans (Evans). 39, Port Isabel, Cameron
County, Tex., June 20 to 23, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Seago-
ville, Tex., Aug. 1944, Weyraud (Cambridge). <, Victoria, Tex.,
Apr. 26, 1904, W. E. Hinds (Washington). o, Victoria, Tex., Aug.
2, 1906, J. C. Crawford (Washington). 9, Victoria, Tex., Sept. 25,
1912, J. D. Mitchell (Washington).
This species is known only from Texas and Kansas.
4. Ageniella (Leucophrus) fulgifrons (Cresson)
Pompilus (Priocnemis) fulgifrons Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 114, 9. Type: 9, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Pompilus (Agenia) agilis Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 126, .
Lectotype: o, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Salius fulgidifrons Dalla Torre, 1897, Catalogus hymenopterorum, vol. 8, p. 225
(emendation).
Mate: Forewing 7.0 to 8.5 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
Ficure 96.—Localities for Ageniella fulgifrons.
347756—57——12
174 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
rather dense, but still sparse enough so that these parts are somewhat
shining. The punctures on the frons are not quite contiguous, with
their intervening ridges about 0.35 as wide as the diameter of the
punctures.
Blackish. Face with a longitudinal whitish or cream-colored mark
next to the eye, this mark sometimes obsolescent; wings tinged with
brown, the apex of the forewing somewhat infuscate; wing veins dark
brown; spurs of fore and middle tibiae stramineous; seventh tergite
with a large white spot; pubescence of head and thorax silver gray.
Frema.e: Forewing 7.5 to 9.0 mm. long; pubescence and setiferous
punctures of mesoscutum and of upper part of head and pronotum
sparse, so that these parts are quite shining; pubescence of clypeus,
face, and lower lateral part of frons very long and dense; third cubital
cell receiving the second recurrent vein at its basal 0.45.
Black. Wings tinged with yellowish brown, the apex of the fore-
wing somewhat infuscate; wing veins yellowish brown; pubescence
of head and thorax yellowish white, the long pubescence of the clypeus,
face, and lower lateral part of the frons quite yellow.
SPECIMENS: co’, Lyme, Conn., July 12, 1918, W.S. Fisher (Washing-
ton). 9, Chicago, Ill. (Cambridge). o, Wills County, IIll., Aug.
24, 1942, R. R. Dreisbach (Cambridge). 29, Sioux City, Iowa, 1922
and no date, C. N. Ainslie (Washington). 9, Iowa, Aug. 7, 1937,
H. E. Jaques (Ithaca). o, Lawrence, Kans., June 10, 1900 (Evans).
2c’, Opelousas, La., May and June 15, 1897, G. R. Pilate (Washing-
ton). o, Tallulah, La., June 25, 1948, R. C. Gaines (Washington).
9, Detroit, Mich., July 17, 1937 (Shappirio). 9, Raleigh, N. C.,
Aug. 3, 1934, C. 8S. Brimley (Raleigh). o, Columbus, Ohio, July 15,
1930, J. S. Hine (Cambridge). 9, Logan County, Ohio, July 12,
1930, J. Patton (St. Paul). 9, Linglestown, Pa., Aug. 2, 1911, W. S.
Fisher (Washington). 9, Tiverton, R. I. (Cambridge). o, Camp
Crook, S. Dak., Aug. 1, 1924 (Cambridge). 29, Dunn Loring (near
Vienna), Va., July 27, 1947, and Aug. 6, 1949, K. V. Krombein
(Krombein). 507, 59, at honeydew, Falls Church, Va., July 5, 11,
and 25, Aug. 22, and Sept. 6, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9, East Troy,
Wis., Aug. 10, 1935, Paul B. Lawson (Lawrence).
This species is on the wing mostly in July and August. It occurs
in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunal areas.
Subgenus Nemagenia Banks
Nemagenia Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p.179. Type: Pompilus
(Agenia) longulus Cresson; original designation.
Clypeus rather short, its apical hairless margin rather narrow,
polished, and not set off by a groove; lower edge of mandible in its
basal third somewhat rounded and without a distinct ridge (with a
more or less distinct ridge in all the other subgenera except Leucophrus),
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 175
pronotum rather elongate, especially in the male (not elongate in
any of the other subgenera); mesopleuron without an oblique carina
at the front end of its transverse suture; propodeum posteriorly with
a few inconspicuous suberect hairs; brush on inner side of hind tibia
with a wide subapical interruption; hind tibia of female with two
external rows of teeth, the dorsal row longer and comprised of stronger
teeth than the subdorsal row, the tibia not longitudinally concave
between the two rows; sixth sternite of male with the apical margin
weakly concave, the surface of the sternite with a median longitudinal
low polished ridge which is highest apically; subgenital plate rounded
to an apical point with a median longitudinal polished ridge and
sloping away to each side, the apical edge of the plate with a fringe
of short stout setae.
Face and tibial spurs of both sexes blackish.
Only one species is known, the Nearctic and Neotropic longula.
5. Ageniella (Nemagenia) longula (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) longulus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 129,
o'. Type: o&, Dakota (Philadelphia).
Agenia longa Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 205, “Q”=.
Type: o’, Texas (Philadelphia).
Priocnemis directa Banks, 1912, Canadian Ent., vol. 44, p. 197, [9]. Lectotype:
9, Lee County, Tex., August, Birkmann (Cambridge).
Priophanes otiosa Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 442, 9.
Type: ¢, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Cambridge).
Ficure 97.—Localities for Ageniella longula.
Matz: Forewing 4.5 to 6.3mm. long. Blackish. Wings subhyaline,
the apical part of the forewing brownish; abdomen rufous, sometimes
infuscate beyond the fourth segment.
Femate: Forewing 5.5 to 10.5 mm. long. Blackish. Wings rather
uniformly light brown; abdomen rufous.
176 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
SPECIMENS (2807, 459): From California (Calexico and Imperial
County); ‘“Dakota”; Kansas (Dickinson County, Douglas County,
and Manhattan); Louisiana (Tallulah); Missouri (St. Louis); Texas
(Brazoria County, College Station, Dallas, Fort Davis, Lee County,
Maxwell, McLennan County, Plano, Rio Grande River in Hidalgo
County, Riviera Beach in Kleburg County, Victoria, Waco, and Wil-
liamson County).
The type of Priophanes otiosa is from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and in
the Cambridge Collection are two females from Blairmont, British
Guiana, collected in Nov. 1928 by F. X. Williams; these indicate a
wide distribution in the Neotropics. Dates of the collections are
mostly from the middle of June to the middle of September. Early
and late dates are: Apr. 30 in Brazos County, Texas; April and May
in Imperial County, Calif.; May 30 in Lee County, Tex.; June 2 at
Maxwell, Tex.; Sept. 10 and Oct. 10 in Riley County, Kans.; and
Oct. 7 in Williamson County, Tex. There seems to be little difference
in the flight period of the sexes.
This species occurs in the warmer portions of the Central States, in
southern California, and south to British Guiana and Bolivia. It has
not yet been taken east of Louisiana or Missouri. Adults occur
through the warmer part of the season.
Subgenus Priophanes Banks
Priophanes Banks, 1944, Psyche, vol. 50, p. 82. Type: Priocnemis facetus
Cresson; original designation.
Clypeus with its hairless apical margin rather wide, partially or
entirely mat, and separated from the rest of the clypeus by a weak
groove; mesopleuron without an oblique carina at the front end of its
transverse suture; propodeum posteriorly with a few inconspicuous
erect hairs; brush on innner side of hind tibia continuous to the apex;
hind tibia of female with two external rows of teeth, a dorsal row of
chevron-shaped teeth and a subdorsal row of subtuberculate teeth, the
tibia not longitudinally concave between the two rows; sixth sternite
of male with a median, apical, weakly raised, rounded ridge, the
sternite impressed on each side of the ridge; subgenital plate of male
short spatulate, with a median longitudinal raised area which tapers
from a base of appreciable width to a narrow apex reaching or sur-
passing the midpoint of the plate.
All tibial spurs of male white, whitish, or stramineous, more or less
fuscous at the base.
This subgenus includes the eight Nearctic species treated below and
the Neotropic Priocnemis dowi Banks 1938 (=Priocnemis arioles
Banks 1944, new synonymy), Priocnemis parkeri Banks 1925, Prio-
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI L7Z
phanes comes Banks 1946, Priophanes pictipennis Banks 1946, and
Priophanes rufigaster Banks 1946. The Neotropic species have not
previously been referred to Ageniella and the first two listed have not
previously been placed in Priophanes. Ameragenia adele Banks 1946
probably belongs here, but the type lacks the abdomen and hind
tibiae and so is difficult to classify. Bradley (1944, Notulae Naturae,
No. 145, p. 6) places Pompilus (Priocnemis) sartorianus Cresson 1867
in Priophanes. I have studied the type of sartorianus and though it is
a member of the Macromerini with teeth on the outside of the hind
tibia, it disagrees in several characters with Priophanes as defined
here.
Keys to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Priophanes
MALES
(Males of fuscipennis, rufescens, arizonica arizonica and _ placita
sonorensis are unknown.)
1. Clypeus with its apical 0.25 to 0.5 white or stramineous.
1b. arizonica concolor, new subspecies
Ciypeus. entirely, binck or partly rufous) 2.163) 2) .c) 222 ee Sa, aS er eS
PPRCIOOLA TULOUs OLATPClY BOP iA fa. et ace Sate) AS hetae, ts gee
Femora blackish... . . : ay aD
3. Head and thorax rufous to biserish: pacers arte a faint Groenieh cloud
over the basal vein and another Pabapiesly (in the second and third cubital
and the second discoidal cells); nervulus beyond the basal vein by about
1.0 the width of the vein; frons more sparsely punctate. SUBSPECIES OF
KACHTA\. (4 dn teases ee
Head and thorax een fee naa a eee Glawd! over the basal
vein or subapically; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.7 the width
of the vein; frons more densely punctate. SUBSPECIES OF PLACITA . . 5
4. Habitat Gulf and South Atlantic States except Florida.
3a. faceta faceta (Cresson)
Habitat Florida and México . . .. . 3b. faceta ventralis, new subspecies
5. Habitat east of the 100th meridian . . .. . . 4a. placita placita (Banks)
Habitat west of the 100th meridan . 4b. placita sonorensis, new subspecies
6. First three tergites black or blackish. . . ... . . . 5. agenioides (Fox)
First three tergites rufous or largely so . . . . . . . . 6. areuata (Banks)
FEMALES
17 ead and thorax mostly.or entirely TufOUs.<- ="... 2%. ws ee ee
Head and thorax black or blackish. . .. . A aes 020
2. Forewing without a fuscous band over the basal vein; e seene ries on frons
separated by about 1.0 their diameter, those on neal part of mesoscutum
separated by about 0.5 their diameter. ... . Dated pees oem
Forewing with a fuscous band over the basal vein (pl. 2, ia 31); punctures on
frons and on central part of mesoscutum separated by about 2.5 their
ciameter, SUBBPECINS GF -FAGEPAD to Ge ifake eye oe et eee ee Oe
178 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3.
Apical margin of clypeus very weakly convex; sides of pronotum with fine
but rather strong punctures; forewing with a very faint postmedian infuscate
area; trochanters not infuscate above; teeth on dorsal edge of hind tibia a
little stronger. .. . . .. . . 2. rufescens (Banks)
Apical margin of clypeus wie an mopreee Pedi angle that projects like a
weak, blunt tooth; sides of pronotum with fine, very weak punctures;
forewing with a Geamte postmedian infuscate area, in addition to the apical
infuscation; trochanters infuscate above; teeth on outer edge of hind tibia
Veryuweak.( /BUBSPECIES, OF ARIZONICAs J, cnhotetacukemcl:s ~aemekeoeene ie
. Abdomen mostly blackish . . . . .. .. 1a. arizonica arizonica (Banks)
Abdomen rufous .... .. . .. 1b. arizonica concoler, new subspecies
Second and following abdominal tergites mostly or entirely rufous.
3a. faceta faceta (Cresson)
Second and following abdominal tergites entirely blackish, or blackish mar-
gined with fulvous. . . ... . . 8b. faceta ventralis, new subspecies
. Tibiae and at least the hind fe rufous; nervulus beyond basal vein by 0.25
to 0.4 the length of the nervulus; body oane & very dense, giving a
hoary appearance. SUBSPECIES OF PLACITA. . . 7
Tibiae and femora blackish; nervulus beyond basal vein he 0. 5 to 0. i ‘the leneth
of the nervulus; body eee not unusually dense. . . . een:
. Basal part of femora and usually the trochanters rufous.
4a. placita placita (Banks)
Basal part of femora and the trochanters infuscate.
4b. placita sonorensis, new subspecies
. Range: California; wings moderately infuscate; teeth on dorasl edge of hind
tibia unusually strong and erect. . . . . . . 7. fuscipennis, new species
Range: east of the Rocky Mountains; wings weakly infuscate; teeth on dorsal
edge of hind tibia not usually strong and erect. ........-...49
Abdomen laeks F370 Grose wens!) wk ones > Middasl spl ist or, Oo AReMIGides! (FOX)
Abdomen TULOUS\s ss Ge he oi tet 6s: ora 5n ee ncia® Sade euueey eo mancuata( banks)
1. Ageniella (Priophanes) arizonica (Banks)
Matz: Forewing 3.2 to 5.0 mm. long; nervulus beyond the basal
vein by about 0.3 itslength. (For coloration of the male, see under the
subspecies concolor.)
Figure 98,—Locality for Ageniella arizonica arizonica,
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 179
Frema.e: Forewing 4.2 to 6.0 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax moderately dense, the setiferous punctures a little weaker than
usual for the subgenus; apical hairless margin of clypeus mat, slightly
widened medially, its apical edge with a weak median rounded angula-
tion; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.7 its length; teeth on
outer edge of hind tibia rather weak.
Fulvo-ferruginous. Trochanters above somewhat infuscate; apex
of hind tibia and joints of hind tarsus infuscate; wings subhyaline, the
forewing with apical margin narrowly infuscate and with an infuscate
cloud centering over the juncture of the second intercubital and the
cubital veins, the hind wing with its apex faintly infuscate. Abdomen
either fulvous (subspecies concolor) or blackish (subspecies arizonica).
There are two subspecies, differing in the color of the abdomen, at
least in the female.
la. Ageniella (Priophanes) arizonica arizonica (Banks)
Priocnemis arizonica Banks, 1933, Psyche, vol. 40, p. 14, 9. Lectotype: 9,
Tempe, Ariz., Aug. 2, J. Bequaert (Cambridge).
Mate: Unknown.
Frmate: Abdomen blackish, the first tergite ferruginous anteriorly.
SPECIMENS: Redescribed from the type (9, Tempe, Ariz., Aug. 2,
J. Bequaert) and another female with thesamedata. Both specimens
are at Cambridge.
Ficure 99.—Locality for Ageniella arizonica concolor.
lb. Ageniella (Priophanes) arizonica concolor, new subspecies
Matus: Black. Apical 0.3 to 0.6 of clypeus and sometimes a longi-
tudinal mark next the eye on each side of face whitish; most of
mandible light brown; palpi and under side of scape stramineous;
tegula and hind margin of lateral lobes of pronotum brown; trochanters
180 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
sometimes partly brown; femora and tibiae varying from fuscous to
bright ferruginous, the tibiae of the middle and hind legs darker at the
base and apex; tibial spurs stramineus, infuscate basally; wings hyaline
the apex of the hind wing and the apical part of the forewing (beyond
the tip of the radial cell) somewhat infuscate; a small faint infuscate
cloud centering over the juncture of the second intercubital and the
cubital veins; first three tergites ferruginous, the base of the first
fuscous and the third sometimes more or less infuscate; fourth and
following tergites tinged with ferruginous; seventh tergite with a large
whitish spot.
Frmate: Abdomen entirely fulvous.
TYPE: 9, visiting cottonwood honeydew, Manhattan, Kans., July 8,
1950, H. E. Evans (Washington, USNM 61798).
PARATYPES: o’, on corn and sorghum infested with mealybug,
Manhattan, Kans., July 5, 1934, R. H. Painter (Manhattan). 207,
29, same data as the type (Townes). 3c”, Manhattan, Kans., July 16,
1950, H. E. Evans (Evans). o ?, Manhattan, Kans., July 27, 1950,
H. E. Evans (Evans).
2. Ageniella (Priophanes) rufescens (Banks), new combination
Priocnemis rufescens Banks, 1939, Canadian Ent., vol. 71, p. 229, [9]. Type:
9, Aden, N. Mex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Unknown.
FrMaue: Forewing about 4.7 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax moderately dense, the setiferous punctures strong; apical hair-
less margin of clypeus mat, not widened medially, its apical margin
very weakly convex; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.5
its length.
Ficure 100.—Localities for Ageniella rufescens.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 181
Ferruginous. Wings hyaline, their apices a little darkened; extreme
base of first tergite blackish.
SPECIMENS: 9, Dickinson County, Kans., August, J. C. Bridwell
(Washington). 9, Riley County, Kans., Sept. 3, J. B. Norton
(Manhattan). 9 (type), Aden, N. Mex., July 12, 1917 (Cambridge).
9, July 29, 1916 (Townes).
3. Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta (Cresson)
Mate: Forewing 4.0 to 4.5 mm. long; nervulus beyond the basal
vein by about 1.0 its width; wings hyaline, the forewing with an
abrupt apical infuscation, a weak discal fuscous cloud and a weak
fuscous fascia along the basal vein and nervulus; the hind wing with a
weak apical infuscation; all tibial spurs white; seventh tergite with a
large whitish spot. The coloration is described further under the
two subspecies.
Frmae: Forewing 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax sparse, these parts quite shiny; apical hairless margin of
clypeus mat, slightly widened medially, its apical edge with a weak
median rounded angulation; mesoscutum subpolished, with fine rather
sparse punctures; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.5 its
length.
Fulvo-ferruginous. Axillae and base of first abdominal segment
black; wings subhyaline, the hind wing with a weak apical infuscation
and the forewing with three transverse brownish fasciae—a narrow
fascia along the apical margin, a broad discal fascia, and a narrow
fascia along the basal vein and nervulus (pl. 2, fig. 31). The color
of the abdomen varies from entirely fulvo-ferruginous to mostly
blackish, as described under the subspecies.
3a. Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta faceta (Cresson)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 31
Priocnemis facetus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 205, 9. Type:
@, Texas (Philadelphia).
Cryptocheilus pallescens Banks, 1910, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 121, [9].
Type: 9, Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Mauer: Color varying from fulvo-ferruginous with the tarsi and
antennae somewhat infuscate to blackish with the following parts
fulvo-ferruginous: clypeus largely, mouth parts largely, scape largely,
coxae except above, trochanters except for weak infuscation above,
femora except for a strong fuscous stripe on the hind side of the hind
femur and a weak one on the hind side of the middle femur, fore
tibia, first two abdominal segments, and all but the apical part of
third abdominal segment. Fore tarsus, middle tibia and tarsus, and
hind tibia more or less infuscate and tinged with fulvous. Tibial
182 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
spurs white. The males with the most extensive fulvo-ferruginous
coloration (head, thorax, and legs entirely of this color) are from
the Lower Austral Zone of North Carolina and further material may
show them representative of a distinct race. Females collected with
them seem‘ typical of this subspecies.
Frema.te: Abdomen entirely fulvo-ferruginous or somewhat dark-
ened apically.
Ficure 101.—Localities for Ageniella faceta faceta.
SPecIMENS: 2, Washington, D. C., June 18, 1946, M. Vogel (Vogel)-
o', Washington, D. C., Sept. 5, 1946, M. Vogel (Vogel). 9, Wash-
ington, D. C., Sept. 16, 1945, D. Shappirio (Shappirio). 9, Washing-
ton, D. C., Sept. 16, 1944, M. Vogel (Vogel). 9, Washington, D. C.,
Sept. 28, 1945 (Vogel). 9, Thomasville, Ga., May 30, 1915, C. S.
Spooner (Ithaca). 59, Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 5 and 11, 1948,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). 5o, Kill Devil Hills, N. C., June 5,
1948, June 27, and July 1, 10, and 16, 1950, K. V. Krombein (Krom-
bein). 39, Kill Devil Hills, N. C., June 30, and July 5 and 14, 1950,
K. V. Krombein (Krombein). o, Wake County, N. C., July 28, 1951,
G. F. Townes (Townes). 39, Raleigh, N. C., June 2, and Oct. 3 and
15, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Wake County, N. C.,
July 28, 1951, G. F. Townes (Townes). 29, Fedor, Tex., May 29,
1901, and June 24, 1898, Birkmann (Cambridge). 9, Giddings, Lee
County, Tex., July 6, 1946, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Gillett, Karnes
County, Tex., June 25, 1917 (Ithaca). 49, on Guadalupe River at
Victoria, Tex., June 16, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Lee County,
Tex., Oct. 1910 (Cambridge). 9, San Gabriel River, Tex., June 28,
1936, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 9, Falls Church, Va.,
Sept. 4, 1915, C. T. Greene (Washington). 9, Falls Church, Va.,
Sept. 14, 1915, G. M. Greene (Washington). 3.67, 69, taken mostly
at tulip tree honeydew, Falls Church, Va., July 5 and 25, Aug. 22,
and Sept. 3, 8, and 16, N. Banks (Cambridge).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 183
This is a subspecies of the Gulf and South Atlantic States, except
Florida, where it is replaced by the subspecies ventralis. Seasonal
data suggest an early summer and a late summer brood. The females
from Takoma Park, Md., were taken in a damp meadow of grass
and Solidago, at honeydew; those from Raleigh in September and
October were taken at the nectaries of Cassia nictitans. All these
looked and acted like large red ants crawling over the vegetation,
and were rather slow to take flight, trusting more to their legs.
3b. Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta ventralis, new subspecies
Mats: Fulvo-ferruginous. Tibial spurs white, the middle and hind
ones ferruginous basally; wings subhyaline, with a cloud over the basal
vein, a broader cloud just beyond the stigma, and its apex infuscate;
first abdominal segment and basal part of second abdominal segment
fulvous, the rest of the abdomen blackish with a fulvous tinge at the
apex.
Ficure 102.—Localities for Ageniella faceta ventralis.
Frema.e: First abdominal segment fulvous, the rest blackish with
the sclerites more or less distinctly margined with fulvous; fuscous
markings on wings a little darker and more extensive than in the
subspecies faceta. In the paratype from México the basal third of
the second abdominal segment is fulvescent.
Type: 9, Orlando, Fla., June 19, 1931 (Washington, USNM 61702).
ParatyPss: o, Arcadia, Fla., Mar. 31, 1954, K. V. Krombein
(Krombein). 29, Larkins, Fla., April and May (Cambridge). Q,
Osceola County, Fla., Aug. 6, 1929, J. J. Kirkland (Washington).
9, Pasco County, Fla., Sept. 10, 1929, J. W. Chapman (Washington).
9, Seminole County, Fla., Aug. 16, 1929, C. Nelson (Washington).
9, Vallecillo, Nuevo Léon, México, June 2 to 5, 1951, H. E. Evans
(Evans).
184 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2¢9
4. Ageniella (Priophanes) placita (Banks)
Maus: Forewing about 4.2 mm. long; punctation of frons and
mesoscutum a little denser than in the male of faceta; nervulus beyond
the basal vein by about 0.6 to 1.2 its width. (For coloration, see
under the subspecies placita placita.)
Frema.e: Forewing 4.3 to 5.3 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax very dense, giving a hoary appearance; apical hairless margin
of clypeus entirely mat, slightly widened medially, the central half
of its apical edge evenly convex; mesoscutum mat, with very dense
fine punctures; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about 0.33 its
length.
Black, but of hoary appearance from the dense silver-gray pubes-
cence. Apical half of clypeus, mouth parts mostly, more or less of
antenna beneath and basally, tibiae, and at least the hind femur,
fulvous; tarsi light brown; wings subhyaline, the apex of the forewing
weakly infuscate; abdomen rufous.
This species is represented by two subspecies, distinguishable on
the coloration of the coxae, trochanters, and femora of the female.
Ficure 103.—Localities for Agentella placita placita.
4a. Ageniella (Priophanes) placita placita (Banks)
Cryptocheilus placitus Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 122,
9. Type: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Pseudagenia apicipennis Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18. p. 123,
o&. Type: co (abdomen lacking), Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mats: Blackish, the scape, legs, and basal half of abdomen fulvo-
ferruginous; mouth parts dusky fulvous; clypeus except basally and
underside of pedicel and flagellum stained with fulvous; apex of fore-
wing somewhat infuscate; fore and hind coxae sometimes darkened
above; tibial spurs white; tarsi brown; seventh tergite with a large
whitish spot.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 185
Frmaue: Femora, trochanters, and coxae entirely fulvous, or
the coxae more or less infuscate and the trochanters sometimes
weakly infuscate.
SPECIMENS: 9, Burkville, Ala., June 10, 1917 (Ithaca). 9, Tus-
caloosa, Ala., May 22, 1948, R. L. Chermock (Evans). 39, Tallulah,
La., June 25, July 1, and Aug. 8, 1948, R. C. Gaines (Washington).
9, Austin, Tex. (Cambridge). o, Brazos County, Tex., July 24,
1937, J. E. Gillaspy (Townes). o (type of apicipennis), Lee County,
Tex., Aug. 1906, Birkmann (Cambridge). 92 (type of placitus),
Lee County, Tex., June 29, 1906, Birkmann (Cambridge). 9,
McLennan County, Tex., Aug. 17, 1939, J. E. Gillaspy (College
Station, Tex.) 9, New Boston, Tex., Aug. 30, 1905, F. C. Bishopp
(Washington). , Williamson County, Tex., June 17, 1934, J. E.
Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 9, Texas (Washington).
The range is from Alabama to Texas. The flight season is from
late in May to late in August.
4b. Ageniella (Priophanes) placita sonorensis, new subspecies
Mauer: Unknown.
FremMaAue: Coxae and trochanters infuscate; front and middle femora
infuscate, more or less fulvous apically; hind femur fulvous, infuscate
basally.
Tyrer: 9, Lindsay, Calif., June 23, 1909, collected on Asclepias
by W. A. Davidson (Washington, USNM 61703).
ParatTyPsEs: 9, Claremont, Calif., C. F. Baker (Cambridge). 9,
Imperial County, Calif., May 1911, J. C. Bridwell (Washington).
59, Lemon Cove, Tulare County, 500 ft., July 9 to 11, 1907, J.C.
Bradley (Ithaca and Cambridge). 9, Los Angeles County, Calif.,
Ficure 104.—Localities for Ageniella placita sonorentsis.
186 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
D. W. Coquillett (Washington). 9, Nogales, México, Mar. 29,
1946 (Washington).
The range is restricted to the Lower Sonoran faunal area.
5. Ageniella (Priophanes) agenioides (Fox)
Priocnemis agenioides Fox, 1893, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 54, 9.
Type: 9, southern Illinois (Philadelphia).
Pseudagenia virginica Banks, 1910, Psyche, vol. 17, p. 251, o&. Type: ¢,
Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Ageniella subra Brimley, 1934, Ent. News, vol. 45, p. 42, 7. Type: o, Raleigh,
N. C. (Raleigh).
Figure 105.—Localities for Agentella agenioides.
Mate: Forewing 4.0 to 4.5 mm. long. Black. Wings hyaline,
the apex of the forewing weakly infuscate; all tibial spurs white;
seventh tergite with a large whitish spot.
Fremaue: Forewing 4.5 to 6.0 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax moderately dense; apical hairless margin of clypeus mat,
slightly widened medially, the central half of its apical edge evenly
convex; mesoscutum with rather close fine punctures and weakly
mat; nervulus beyond the basal vein by 0.7 its length.
Black. Frons, mesoscutum, and abdomen with a faint bluish
iridescence; wings subhyaline, the apex of the forewing weakly
infuscate.
Specimens (2007, 499): From Connecticut (Kast Hartford);
District of Columbia (Washington); Georgia (Atlanta and Unadilla) ;
Illinois (southern Illinois); Kansas (Baldwin, Manhattan, and Potta-
watomie County); Louisiana (Opelousas and Tallulah); Maryland
(Cabin John, Cabin John Bridge, Great Falls, and Glen Echo);
Minnesota (Norman County); Mississippi (Natchez); New Jersey
(Milburn); New York (Farmingville and Ithaca); North Carolina
(Raleigh, Wallace, and Whiteville); Ohio (Put-in-Bay) ; Pennsylvania
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 187
(Rockville); South Carolina (Spartanburg); Texas (Meridian Creek
in Bosque County, New Braunfels, Rassor, Victor, and Williamson
County); and Virginia (Dunn Loring, Falls Church, and Pohick
Run).
Early and late collection dates are: May 27 at Natchez, Miss.;
May 29 at Victoria, Tex., and at Washington, D. C.; May 30 at
Whiteville, N. C.; Sept. 6 at East Hartford, Conn.; Sept. 23 at
Falls Church, Va., and at Raleigh, N. C.; and Oct. 3 at Manhattan,
Kans. A female from Riley County, Kans., was taken by H. E.
Evans with prey, a very immature salticid with five of its legs cut off.
The species ranges over the eastern half of the United States, being
common in the south. Adults are on the wing from early summer
to early fall.
6. Ageniella (Priophanes) arcuata (Banks)
Cryptocheilus arcuatus Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 120,
Q. Lectotype: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex., May 24, 1906, Birkmann
(Cambridge).
Pseudagenia birkmanni Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 124,
oc. Type: o, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Ficure 106.—Localities for Ageniella arcuata.
Matz: Forewing 3.5 to 7.5 mm. long. Black. Wings hyaline,
the apex of the forewing weakly infuscate; all tibial spurs whitish;
first two abdominal segments and much of the third rufous; seventh
tergite with a large white spot.
Frma.e: Forewing 5.0 to 5.8 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax moderately dense; apical hairless margin of clypeus mat
basally and polished apically, faintly widened medially, the central
half of its apical edge almost evenly convex; mesoscutum mat and
with dense fine punctures; nervulus beyond the basal vein by about
0.6 its length.
188 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Black. Frons and mesoscutum with a faint bluish iridescence;
wings subhyaline, the apex of the forewing weakly infuscate; abdomen
rufous.
SPECIMENS (320, 769): From Alberta (Medicine Hat); Arizona
(Douglas); Colorado (Boulder and Logan County); District of Co-
lumbia (Washington); Florida (Hernando County, Jacksonville,
Orange County, and Pasco County); Georgia (Nashville and Tifton);
Kansas (Manhattan, Reno County, and Riley County); Louisiana
(Crowley and Opelousas); North Carolina (Clinton, Wake County,
Wallace, and Wendell); South Carolina (Columbia and Yemassee);
Texas (Balmorhea Lake in Reeves County, Brazos County, Browns-
ville, College Station, Davis Mts. in Jeff Davis County, Fedor, Fort
Davis, and Williamson County); Virginia (Clifton); and México
(Ahuacatlin and Chapalilla in Nayarit, Canutillo and Nombre de
Dios in Durango, Sombrerete in Zacatecas, Teotihuacén, Vera Cruz
(city), and Villa Guadalupe in Jalisco).
Collection dates for males are mostly in early to midsummer,
though there are July and August records, and one for Sept. 14 at
Nashville, Ga. Females come on the wing somewhat later and are
much more numerous than males after July. Extreme dates for
males are: May 6 at Opelousas, La.; May 24 at Clinton, N. C.;
June 4 at Columbia, S. C.; July 13 at Raleigh, N. C.; July 21 in
Williamson County, Tex.; August in Riley County, Kans.; and Sept.
14 at Nashville, Ga. Extreme dates for females are May 6 at Ope-
lousas, La.; June 7 at Raleigh, N. C., and at Washington, D. C.;
Sept. 30 at Yemassee, S. C.; Oct. 1 at Manhattan, Kans.; Nov. 13
in Pasco County and Hernando County, Fla. These data indicate
more than one brood per season.
This species occurs in the Transitional, Upper Austral, and Lower
Austral Zones east of the Rocky Mountains. Adults are on the
wing throughout the warm season.
7. Ageniella (Priophanes) fuscipennis, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fema“: Forewing 5.5 to 6.5 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax rather dense; apical hairless margin of clypeus mat, not
widened medially, the central half of its apical edge evenly convex;
mesoscutum mat, with very close fine punctures; nervulus beyond
the basal vein by about 0.75 its length; teeth on outer side of hind
tibia more erect and tuberclelike than in other members of the sub-
genus.
Black. Wings infuscate, a little paler basally, and the apex of the
forewing a little darker; abdomen varying from dark red to black.
The abdomen of the type is dark red.
Typr: 9, Tracy, San Joaquin County, Calif., May 31, 1949,
J. W. MacSwain (Berkeley).
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 189
ParatyPeEs: 9, Oakley, Contra Costa County, Calif., Aug. 9, 1936,
E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco). 2 9, same data as the type (Berke-
ley and Townes). 9, Tracy, Calif.. May 20, 1949, R. F. Smith
(Townes). 9, Tracy, Calif., June 3, 1949, J. W. MacSwain (Berke-
ley). 9, Tracy, Calif., June 7, 1949, J. W. MacSwain (Townes).
9, Tracy, Calif., Aug. 1, 1949, P. D. Hurd (Berkeley).
Figure 107.—Localities for Agentella fuscipennts.
This species has been taken only in California. Though super-
ficially similar to A. arcuata or A. agenioides, according to whether
the abdomen is red or black, respectively, it is distinct from both in
several minor characters and has a different range.
Subgenus Ageniella Banks
Ageniella Banks, 1912, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 222. Type:
Pompilus (Agenia) acceptus Cresson; original designation.
Hairless apical margin of clypeus usually polished and nearly
always set off from the rest of the clypeus by a groove; mesopleuron
with or without an oblique carina at the front end of its transverse
groove; propodeum usually without any erect hairs, only with pubes-
cence; brush on inner side of hind tibia with or without a subapical
interruption; upper side of hind tibia without teeth; sixth sternite of
male with a median apical, weakly raised, rounded ridge, on each
side of which the sternite is impressed; subgenital plate of male
usually tectate.
Fore and middle tibial spurs whitish or blackish; hind tibial spurs
blackish, or if the insect’s body is rufous the tibial spurs may all be
ferruginous.
This subgenus is well developed in the southern half of North
America and in the West Indies. A few species reach southern
Canada. Several are known from Panamé, but only one (the Chilean
argenteosignatus) from farther south. The known species may be
347756—57——18
190 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
divided into four species groups as noted in the keys and as described
at the beginning of each of the groups.
Keys to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Ageniella
MALES
(Males of grisea, pallida, evansi, and submetallica are unknown; the
first two should run to couplet 2, and the last two to couplet 8.)
1. Tibial spurs of the front and middle legs whitish, those of the hind legs
blackish. PAR TITACGROUP sic) feria. ds ys | See Mee, os caters Caw cum ean
Tibial spurs of all legs blackish . . .. . PE ok Ce
2. Middle and hind femora and first three fereiees Parone! or ier eely so; longest
spur of hind tibia about 0.6 as long as its basitarsus . . 1. partita Banks
Middle and hind femora and first three tergites blackish . . ...... 3
3. Exposed portion of subgenital plate about 1.3 as long as wide; longer spur of
hind tibia about 0.65 as wide as the hind basitarsus; seventh tergite light
brown; apical hairless margin of clypeus rather wide.
4. seminole, new species
Exposed portion of subgenital plate about 2.0 as long as wide; longer spur of
hind tibia about 0.7 as wide as the hind basitarsus; seventh tergite brown
with a large white spot; apical hairless margin of clypeus not wider than
RIS Uae merece . .. . . 5. mintaka Brimley
4. Brush on inner stile ‘of hind abe aah a pebapieal interruption; frons nearly
always with an obscure ferruginous spot next to the upper part of eye.
ACCEPTA GROUP... . His Anarjezese)
Brush on inner side of hind tibia panhinnene 0 the apex chowen usually nar-
rowed subapically; frons without a ferruginous spot next to the upper part
of the eye.
5. Hind femurrufous. . ... ss 5.6. «os » > « © ve -2 dif Becepta (Cresson)
Hind femur blackish. . ... . Se ae) ee oO
6. Flagellum beneath blackish fae 5 bristles lene enonen to Be conspicuous
among the fine erect sense hairs. . . . ... . . 15. conflicta Banks
Flagellum beneath fulvous or strongly fared with fulvous, its bristles rather
short and weak, not conspicuous among the fine erect sense hairs.
16. blaisdelli (Fox)
7. Body, head, and legs ferruginous; wings dark brown; external longitudinal
basal carina on fore coxa strongly curved and ending at about its basal 0.3;
last tarsal segment with bristles beneath. CORONATA GROUP.
14. coronata Banks
Body, head, and legs blackish; wings subhyaline, the forewing infuscate
apically, or sometimes entirely blackish; external longitudinal basal carina
on fore coxa weakly curved and ending near or beyond the midlength of the
coxa; last tarsal segment without bristles beneath. cuUPIDA GRouP. .. 8
8. Subgenital plate with erect hairs that are at least as long as the width of the
plates an: AME Uae ued route tet Meme arene Rats ree Eevee IO
Subgenital plate raeHoua save foie pistes ch ce PNR “10
9. Erect hairs on subgenital plate scattered over its cen SEnIene with their
apical 0.25 bent. . . . i Poial Paes dagen de. eonetbie eee 12. norata Banks
Erect hairs on subgenital pinto in a row ed its edge, evenly and strongly
curved inward, plus a median row or band of shorter ascending hairs.
13. neglecta Banks
10.
11.
12.
13.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 191
Clypeus with a small blunt median apical tooth, or sometimes the tooth
absent; apical hairless margin of clypeus very narrow and indistinct or
subebsolete; mesopleuron without a trace of an oblique carina extending
downward from the front end of its transverse suture. SUBSPECIES OF
OBSCURA. . . A935 tha 5 LE
Clypeus without a enerietes: apical’ tooth; Baral ele margin of clypeus
distinct, of appreciable width and set off from the rest of the clypeus by a
small groove; mesopleuron often with a short oblique carina extending
downward from the front end of its transverse suture. . ...... 12
Legs entirely black. . . ... . .. . . 6a. cbscura obscura Banks
Legs and basal part of Apaeeed more or less marked or tinged with light
FUuLous) 2) . .. . . 6b. cbscura delicata Banks
Third cubital cell pean 1. 45 as pulane as high, receiving the second recurrent
vein a little beyond its middle; mesopleuron with or without a very short
oblique carina at the front end of its transverse suture.
7. euphorbiae Viereck
Third cubital cell about 1.8 as long as high, receiving the second recurrent
vein at or a little before its middle; mesopleuron with a short or relatively
long oblique carina at the front end of its transverse suture. . . . . .13
Temple with about 8 suberect long white hairs; clypeus about 0.52 as long on
the midline as it is wide, its apical margin usually with a broad, weak,
median notch; abdomen without a bluish tinge. . 8. vogeli, new species
Temple with about 30 suberect long white hairs; clypeus about 0.56 as long
on the midline as it is wide, its apical margin without a median notch;
abdomen with a tinge of bluish iridescence ... . 9. cupida (Cresson)
FEMALES
(Females of mintaka and neglecta are unknown; it is expected that the
1.
2.
3.
former will run to couplet 6 and the latter to couplet 9.)
Brush on inner side of hind tibia usually with a complete subapical interrup-
tion; mesopleuron with a short oblique carina extending downward from
the front end of its transverse suture; coloration of head and body en-
tirely fulvo-ferruginous. ACCEPTA GROUP... . mm ire 2
Brush on inner side of hind tibia usually continuous to the oe though otter
very much narrowed or even interrupted subapically, in the latter case the
mesopleuron without an oblique carina extending downward from the
front end of its transverse suture; coloration of head and body various. 4
Forewing rather uniformly brown, though usually with three weakly distin-
guished darker cross-bands (pl. 2, fig. 34). ... . . 16. blaisdelli (Fox)
Forewing subhyaline, with distinct brown cross-bands (pl. 2, figs. 32, 33) . 3
Apical hairless margin of clypeus abruptly widened at the middle so that it
has a blunt median tooth; clypeus only weakly impressed sublaterally so
that the central half of its apical margin is not distinctly set off from the
lateral portions. ... ... . . 15. conflicta Banks
Apical hairless margin of ener ae madened at the middle, without a
median tooth and often its apical edge weakly concave medially; clypeus
rather strongly impressed sublaterally so that the central half of its apical
margin is distinctly set off from its lateral portions. 17. accepta (Cresson)
192 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
4.
10.
AGL
12.
13.
14.
Last tarsal segment with several bristles beneath; basal external longitudinal
carina on front coxa strongly curved and ending at about the basal 0.3 of
the coxa; a ferruginous species with the wings dark brown, the forewing 9
to 15 mm. long. cORONATA GROUP ...... . 14. coronata Banks
Last tarsal segment without bristles beneath; basal external longitudinal
carina on front coxa weakly curved and ending near or beyond the mid-
length of the coxa; species with at least the thorax blackish; or if ferrugi-
nous the forewing 4 to5mm.long ... alegre «3.5
. Abdomen rufous or ferruginous; aes ea an ntealie@ue carina at
the front end of its transverse suture; forewing 4.0 to 5.5 mm. long; brush
on inner side of hind tibia subapically very narrow. PARTITA GROUP . 6
Abdomen black or blue-black; mesopleuron often with a short oblique carina
extending downward from the front end of its transverse suture; forewing
5 to 10 mm. long; brush on inner side of hind tibia geeinsr relatively
broad to quite narrow. CUPIDA GROUP. ... Hikiio (58S
. Head and thorax fulvo- ed de. ee caasnetie narrow (0.25 as wide
aslong)... ‘ .. . . . & pallida Banks
Head and thorax plackish or ioetly sO; Siosenine of normal width. . .. 7
. Apical hairless margin of clypeus mat, = off from the rest of the clypeus by
an indistinct groove. . . . : . . 4, seminole, new species
Apical hairless margin of eipeus polished) ee off from the rest of the clypeus
by a distinct groove. ... sii oii rer ig
Hind femur black or brown; body pubeSesnes mat iaiswAlly dense
1. partita Banks
Hind femur rufous, its apex a little infuscate; body pubescence very dense,
giving a hoary appearance. .. . ... . . 2, grisea, new species
. Pronotum and abdomen dull black, aehout bluish iridescense. . . . . 10
Pronotum and abdomen with a distinc? bluish iridescense. . . . ... 12
Clypeus with a pair of blunt median apical teeth that are often subobsolete;
mesopleuron with a short carina extending obliquely downward from the
front end of its transverse groove. . ... . . . 8. vogeli, new species
Clypeus with a small sharp median apical tooth; mesopleuron without a
carina extending obliquely downward from the front end of its transverse
groove. SUBSPECIES OF OBSCURA... . Ph eo. ALL
All femora black . . . : eae Y ‘6a. abseiea eats Banks
Middle and hind femora due PutGuS . . . . 6b. obscura delicata Banks
Forewing subhyaline in its basal 0.6, its apical 0.4 weakly infuscate, the wing
5 to 6.5 mm. long; bluish iridescence of head and body weak; clypeus with
a median apical pair of blunt teeth. . .... . . . 12. norata Banks
Forewing uniformly fuscous or the base a little paler, the wing 5.5 to 10 mm.
long; bluish iridescence of head and body strong . . SA Pe LS
Mesopleuron with a conspicuous carina extending obteinely dom nward from
the front end of its transverse groove; propodeum with indistinct trans-
verse wrinkles; pubescense of clypeus very dense. . . 9. cupida (Cresson)
Mesopleuron without a carina extending obliquely downward from the front
end of its transverse groove; pele ml without wrinkles; pubescence of
clypeus not unusually dense. . . OTE 14
Lower half of head with a few (10-4 on Ren Mabey erect whitish to dark
brown hairs behind; forewing 5.5 to 7.5 mm. long.
7. euphorbiae (Viereck)
Lower half of head with numerous (40+ on each side) erect whitish hairs
behind -“forewing’8.0 to 10*mm:. long 2) Sees Se ee ees OLS
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 193
15. Clypeus faintly produced medially as a simple rudimentary tooth.
10. submetallica (Banks)
Clypeus distinctly produced medially as a weak apical truncate or weakly
bilobed projection. ............ .. 11. evansi, new species
PARTITA GROUP
Hairless apical margin of clypeus rather narrow; mesopleuron
without an oblique carina at the front end of its transverse groove;
propodeum without erect long hairs, with only pubescence; brush on
inner side of hind tibia very narrow subapically but usually not in-
terrupted there; subgenital plate of male broadly spatulate or nar-
rowly tectate with a median longitudinal raised area which tapers
from a base of appreciable width to a narrow apex which reaches or
surpasses the midpoint of the plate.
Fore and middle tibial spurs of male white or whitish, often infus-
cate basally; hind tibial spurs of male blackish.
This species group includes the Nearctic partita, grisea, pallida,
seminole, and mintaka.
Ficure 108.—Localities for Ageniella partita.
1. Ageniella (Ageniella) partita Banks
Ageniella partita Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 244, @.
Type: o, Brawley, Imperial County, Calif. (Ithaca).
Alasagenia rubineus Dreisbach, 1950, Ent. News, vol. 61, p. 68, 2? (new synonymy).
Type: 2, Washington, D. C. (Cambridge).
Maur: Forewing 3.4 to 4.9 mm. long; apical hairless margin of clyp-
eus very narrow, polished, separated from the rest of the clypeus by
a fine groove; longer spur of hind tibia about 0.6 as long and about
0.5 as wide as the hind basitarsus; subgenital plate broadly tectate,
the apex rounded.
194 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Blackish. Wings hyaline, the apex of the forewing faintly infuscate;
fore femur blackish brown, paler apically; middle and hind femora
rufous, more or less infuscate basally; tibiae and tarsi dusky rufous to
dark brown; spurs of front and middle tibiae white, those of the hind
tibia fuscous; first three abdominal segments rufous; seventh tergite
with a large whitish spot.
Frmaue: Forewing 3.2 to 6.0 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax of normal density; apical hairless margin of clypeus narrow,
polished, separated from the rest of the clypeus by a small sharp
groove.
Black. Clypeus often stained with rufous apically; wings subhya-
line, the apical 0.35-+ of forewing somewhat infuscate; legs dark brown
to blackish; abdomen rufous.
The type of Alasagenia rubineus does not have teeth on the hind
tibia, in spite of the indication in its description that these are present.
SPECIMENS (2807, 689): From Arizona (Nogales); California (Berke-
ley, Brawley, Lake Britton in Shasta County, Lindsay, Los Angeles
County, Menlo Park, Mount Hermon in the Santa Cruz Mts., San
Rafael, Sugar Pine in Madera County at 4,300 to 5,000 ft., and
Tahoe); Colorado (Poudre Canyon in Larimer County at 5,200 ft.);
District of Columbia (Washington); Florida; Georgia (Tifton);
Louisiana (Opelousas and Tallulah); Nevada (Reno); North Carolina
(Southern Pines); Texas (Brownsville, Gaudalupe River at Victoria,
Port Isabel in Cameron County, and Valentine); Virginia (Dunn
Loring); and México (Acapulco, El Salto, and Nombre de Dios in
Durango, Huauchimango in Puebla, San Blase in Nayarit, Sombrerete
in Zacatecas, and Zimapdn in Hidalgo).
Collection dates are mostly in July and August, with the following
records unusually early and late: May 23 at Valentine, Tex.; June 1
at Washington, D. C.; Sept. 9 at Washington, D. C.; and Sept. 11
at Reno, Nev. A male and a female have been collected on flowers
of Asclepias, and the following four females were taken with prey:
9, with immature Zelotus sp., Menlo Park, Calif., July 13, 1937,
F. X. Williams; 29, both with females of Gnaphosa sericata, Washing-
ton, D. C., June 1945, M. Vogel; 9, with an immature of Arctosa
littoralis, Fort Collins, Colo., Aug. 21, 1948, H. E. Evans. A female
was taken at Dunn Loring, Va., Aug. 13, 1950, by K. V. Krombein
while it was being closely pursued (within 2 to 5 cm.) and somewhat
annoyed by two females of Ceropales hatoda as it ran along the ground.
It had no prey.
This species is transcontinental in the Upper and Lower Austral
Zones. Adults are on the wing throughout the summer, being most
common in July and August.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 195
2. Ageniella (Ageniella) grisea, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fremae: Forewing 3.3 to 4.0 mm. long; pubescence of head and
thorax very dense and rather long, giving a hoary appearance; apical
hairless margin of clypeus narrow, polished, separated from the rest
of the clypeus by a small sharp groove.
Blackish, but quite hoary from the dense pubescence. Apical part
of clypeus fulvo-ferruginous; wings hyaline, the apical third of the
Figure 109.—Localities for Ageniella grisea.
forewing weakly infuscate; femora and tibiae fulvo-ferruginous; tarsi
dark brown; abdomen rufous.
Tyrer: 9, Hollister, Idaho, July 11, 1931, David E. Fox (Washing-
ton, USNM 61704).
ParaTyPE: 9, Wendell, Idaho, Aug. 30, 1928 (Washington).
3. Ageniella (Ageniella) pallida Banks
Ageniella pallida Banks, 1945, Psyche, vol. 52, p. 106, 9. Type: 9, Austin,
Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Unknown.
Frema.e: Forewing 4.0 to 4.5 mm. long, the wings unusually narrow
and short; pubescence of head and thorax a little thinner than usual;
apical hairless margin of clypeus moderately wide, weakly mat, not
separated from the rest of the clypeus by a distinct groove.
Fulvo-ferruginous. Wings tinted with fulvous, the apical part of
forewing somewhat brownish; third tergite with a broad transverse,
poorly defined brown band, the second and fourth tergites usually
with a similar but narrower band.
SPECIMENS: 9, Sioux City, Iowa, July 15, 1922, C. N. Ainslie
(Washington). 9, Clay County, Kans., August, J. C. Bridwell
196 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 110.—Localities for Ageniella pallida.
Washington). 4 9, on banks of Kaw River, Manhattan, Kans.,
Sept. 4 to 18, 1949, H. E. Evans (Evans and Townes). 9°, Man-
hattan, Kans., Sept. 19, 1930, D. A. Wilbur (Manhattan) 9, Man-
hattan, Kans., W. P. Hayes (Washington). 9°, Randolph, Kans.,
Aug. 18, 1949, H. E. Evans (Townes). 9, Plattsmouth, Nebr.,
Sept. 3, 1923, C. B. Philip (St. Paul). 9 (type), Austin, Tex. (Cam-
bridge).
This is a Great Plains species collected to date in Nebraska, Kansas,
and Texas.
4. Ageniella (Ageniella) seminole, new species
Mats: Forewing 3.7 mm. long; apical hairless margin of clypeus
mat, rather broad, not separated from the rest of the clypeus by a
groove; longer spur of hind tibia 0.77 as long and 0.65 as wide as the
hind basitarsus; subgenital plate broad, with a round apex.
Figure 111.—Localities for Ageniella seminole.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 197
Blackish. Wings hyaline, the apical part of the forewing a little
infuscate; legs beyond coxae dark brown, the spurs of the front and
middle tibiae whitish; first three segments of abdomen dark brown,
the rest a little darker; seventh tergite mostly light brown.
FEMALE: Forewing 4.2 to 4.6 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus of moderate width, mat but subpolished apically, separated
from the rest of the clypeus by a broad weak groove.
Blackish. Clypeus fulvous apically; wings subhyaline, the apical
third of the forewing weakly infuscate; legs blackish brown; abdomen
rufous, the last two segments brownish.
Typr: 2, Marion County, Fla., Feb. 15, 1929, A. M. Towles
(Washington, USNM 61705).
ParatyPeEs: oc’, Seminole County, Fla., June 4, 1929, B. D. Hiers,
Jr. (Washington). 2 9, Seminole County, Fla., July 19 and Aug.
2, 1929, H. Clark (Washington).
5. Ageniella (Ageniella) mintaka Brimley
Ageniella mintaka Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol 43, p. 202,
co. Type o, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Mates: Forewing about 4.0 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus very narrow, polished, separated from the rest of the clypeus
very narrow, polished, separated from the rest of the clypeus by a
Ficure 112.—Localities for Agentella mintaka.
fine groove; longer spur of hind tibia about 0.75 as long and 0.7 as
wide as the hind basitarsus; subgenital plate narrowly tectate, tapered
to a rather pointed apex.
Blackish. Wings hyaline, the apical part of the forewing a little
infuscate; legs beyond coxae blackish brown, the spurs of the front
and middle tibiae whitish; seventh abdominal tergite with a large
whitish spot.
198 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Frmaue: Unknown.
SpEcIMENS: 6", Lake Placid, Highland County, Fla., Apr. 1, 1954,
H. E. Evans (Evans). o (type), Raleigh, N. C., June 9, 1927, C.S.
Brimley (Raleigh). o, Lost River State Park, Hardy County,
W. Va., June 30, 1953, K. V. Krombein (Krombein).
CUPIDA GROUP
Hairless apical margin of clypeus usually moderately wide; meso-
pleuron with or without a short carina extending obliquely down-
ward and backward from the front end of its transverse groove;
propodeum without erect hair, only with pubescence; brush on inner
side of hind tibia continuous to the apex; subgenital plate of male
ligulate or narrowly tectate, the apex rounded.
Tibial spurs and face of both sexes blackish.
The species included are the Nearctic obscura, euphorbiae, vogeli,
cupida, submetallica, evansi, norata, and neglecta; and the Neotropic
Agenia argenteosignata Spinola 1851, Pompilus violaceipes Cresson
1867, Priocnemis (Priocnemella) wheeleri Banks 1925, Priocnemis
(Calicurgus) molinot Banks 1925, Pseudagenia bruesi Banks 1928,
Ageniella purpuripes Banks 1938, and Priocnemella domingensis Banks
1944. Except for purpuripes, the Neotropic species have not before
been referred to Ageniella. ‘The species obscura occurs in both the
Nearctic and Neotropic regions.
6. Ageniella (Ageniella) obscura Banks
Mate: Forewing 4.0 to 4.5 mm. long; clypeus with a small blunt
median apical tooth, or sometimes the tooth absent; apical hairless
margin of clypeus very narrow and indistinct, or subobsolete (in the
other species of the cupida group, this margin is of appreciable width
and set off from the rest of the clypeus by a small groove); temple
without long hairs; mesopleuron without an oblique carina at the front
end of its transverse suture; third cubital cell about 1.45 as long as
high, receiving the second recurrent vein at its center; seventh sternite
narrowly tectate, without erect hairs.
FEMALE: Forewing 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long; clypeus with a small,
usually acute, median apical tooth; apical hairless margin of clypeus
narrower than in other species of the cupida group and separated by
only a weak impression; temple without long erect hairs; mesopleuron
without an oblique carina at the front end of its transverse groove;
propodeum without wrinkles.
This species is represented by the two subspecies below, dis-
tinguished by the color of the abdomen of the male and of the legs in
both sexes.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 199
6a. Ageniella (Ageniella) obscura obscura Banks
Ageniella obscura Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 67, p. 331, 9.
Type: 9, Bella Vista, Panam4é (Cambridge).
Matus: Black. Wings subhyaline, the apical part of the forewing
weakly infuscate; seventh tergite with a large whitish spot.
Fremaue: Black. Wings weakly infuscate, the apical 0.35 of the
forewing a little darker.
SPECIMENS: 9, Opelousas, La., May 1897, G. R. Pilate (Washing-
ton). o, Opelousas, La., June 15, 1897, G. R. Pilate (Washington).
9, Austin, Tex., Aug. 5, 1946, H. E. Evans (Evans). 92, Brownsville,
Tex., July 2, 1945 (Washington). 9, Brownsville, Tex., July 14,
1947, B. Valentine (Evans). o, Brownsville, Tex., July 21, 1945
(Washington). 26, Brownsville, Tex., 1921, J. C. Bridwell (Wash-
ington). 9, Dallas, Tex., Sept. 28, 1906, R. A. Cushman (Washing-
Figure 113.—Localities for Agentella obscura obscura.
ton). 9, Fedor, Tex., May 26, 1901 (Cambridge). 9, Liberty Hill,
Tex., July 5, 1937, Mrs. R. W. Strandtmann (Strandtmann). <,
Montgomery County, Tex., May 4, 1941, R. W. Strandtmann
(Strandtmann). 9°, New Braunfels, Tex., June 27, 1917 (Cambridge).
9, Port Isabel, Cameron County, Tex., June 20 to 23, 1948, H. E.
Evans (Evans). 9, on Rio Grande River at Hidalgo, Tex., June 23
to 25, 1948, H. KE. Evans (Evans). 9, Richmond, Tex., June 22, 1917
(Cambridge). 9, San Antonio, Tex., May 14, 1906, W. E. Hinds
(Washington). 9°, San Antonio, Tex., June 11, 1936, B. Struck
(College Station, Tex.). 9, Victoria, Tex., July 12 to 15, 1946, H. E.
Evans (Evans). 20, 59, on Guadalupe River at Victoria, Tex.,
June 16, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 20, Williamson County,
Tex., Oct. 7 and 22, 1933, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex., and
200 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Townes). 9, ‘Limon Chagres River Plantation”, Panam4, July 14,
1948, H. F. Dietz (Washington). @ (type), Bella Vista, Panama,
July 6, 1924 (Cambridge).
This subspecies occurs from Panama to southern Texas and Loui-
siana.
6b. Ageniella (Ageniella) obscura delicata Banks
Ageniella delicata Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 174, @. Type:
o', Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Ageniella restricta Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 175, @. Type:
o', Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Mause: Blackish. Legs and basal part of abdomen more or less
marked or tinged with light ferruginous; seventh tergite with a large
whitish spot above. The type of delicata is marked with paler as
follows: scape beneath, middle and hind femora, and first three
Figure 114.—Localities for Ageniella obscura delicata.
abdominal segments fulvo-ferruginous, the base of the first segment
and the apical third of the third fuscous;trochanters fulvo-ferruginous,
brownish above; fore leg beyond trochanter brownish fulvous; middle
and hind tibiae and tarsi brownish. The type of restricta is marked
with pale as follows: legs beyond coxae brownish; first and second
tergites ferruginous except that the first tergite above and basally
and the second tergite on its apical 0.3 are fuscous. These two types
suggest the color variation to be expected in males of the sub-
species.
Fremaue: Blackish. Wings weakly infuscate, the apical 0.35 of the
forewing a little darker; femora and tibiae, or at least the femora,
rufous or dusky rufous.
SPECIMENS: 9, Washington, D. C., Aug. 18, 1943, M. Vogel
(Vogel). 2c (types of delicata and restricta), Falls Church, Va.,
Aug. 22, N. Banks (Cambridge). 367, on tulip tree honeydew, Falls
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 201
Church, Va., Aug. 22 and 28 and Sept. 6, N. Banks (Cambridge and
Raleigh). 29, Falls Church, Va., June 25 and July 12, N. Banks
(Cambridge). 29, Columbia, S. C., July 30 and Aug. 18, 1951,
G. and L. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies has been collected from the District of Columbia to
South Carolina.
7. Ageniella (Agenieila) euphorbiae (Viereck)
Agenia euphorbiae Viereck, 1902, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 54,
p. 734, o&. Type: oc’, San Pedro, Calif. (Philadelphia).
Ageniclla subaequalis Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 248, @.
Type: co’, mountains near Claremont, Calif. (Ithaca).
Mate: Forewing 3.3 to 6.5 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus
entire, not toothed or notched medially; temple with about eight
long suberect hairs; mesopleuron without an oblique carina at the
front end of its transverse groove; third cubital cell about 1.45 as
long as high, receiving the second recurrent vein at about its basal
0.43; seventh sternite narrowly tectate, without erect hairs.
Black. Wings subhyaline, the apical part of the forewing weakly
infuscate; seventh tergite with a large whitish spot.
Frema.e: Forewing 5.5 to 7.5 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus broadened medially, sometimes to make an indistinct median
Ficure 115.—Localities for Ageniella euphorbiae.
tooth; temple with about ten long suberect hairs; mesopleuron with-
out an oblique carina at the front end of its transverse groove or
sometimes with a short indistinct one; propodeum without wrinkles.
Biack. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and abdomen with a dark
blue irridescence; forewing fuscous; hind wing subhyaline.
SPECIMENS (150’, 189): From Arizona (Carr Canyon in the Hua-
chuca Mts.); British Columbia (Vernon); California (Benicia, Berke-
ley, mountains near Claremont, Huntington Lake in Fresno County
902 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
at 7,000 ft., Lindsay, Los Banos, Marin County, Meadow Valley in
Plumas County at 3,500 to 4,000 ft., Napa, Pinecrest in Tuolumne
County, Priest Valley in Monterey County at 2,300 ft., north end of
San Bruno Mts., San Francisco, San Pedro, Santa Cruz County,
Tracy in San Joaquin County, and Whitney Portal in Inyo County);
Colorado (Poudre Canyon in Larimer County at 5,200 ft.); New
Mexico (Jemez Springs at 6,400 ft. and La Cueva in the Organ Mts.
at about 5,300 ft.); and Oregon (Hood River). Collection dates range
from May 22 at Los Banos, Calif., to “October” in Santa Cruz County,
Calif. Most are in July and August.
This species is common in California and has been taken sparingly
in British Columbia, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Colo-
rado. It seems most abundant in the last half of the summer.
8. Ageniella (Ageniella) vogeli, new species
Matz: Forewing 4.0 to 5.5 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus
usually with a broad weak median notch; temple with about eight
long suberect hairs; mesopleuron with a weak carina extending ob-
liquely downward from the front end of its transverse groove, the
Figure 116.—Localities for Ageniella vogeli.
carina about 0.8 as long as the width of the front femur; third cubital
cell about 1.7 as long as high, receiving the second recurrent vein at
or just basad of the middle; seventh sternite narrowly tectate, without
erect hairs.
Black. Wings subhyaline, margined apically with light fuscous;
seventh tergite with a large whitish spot.
Frmate: Forewing 5.8 to 6.8 mm. long; clypeus with a broad weak
median apical notch; temple without long suberect hairs; mesopleuron
with a carina extending obliquely downward from the front end of its
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 203
transverse groove, the carina about as long as the width of the front
femur; propodeum without wrinkles.
Black. Wings subhyaline, the apical 0.35 of the forewing some-
what infuscate and the apex of the hind wing faintly infuscate.
Typr: 9, transporting an immature Lycosa avara, Washington,
D. C., Sept. 5, 1946, M. Vogel (Washington, USNM 61706).
ParatyPsEs: 9, Washington, D. C., Aug. 23, 1948, D. Shappirio
(Shappirio). 29, Atlanta, Ga., June 30, 1934, and July 23, 1947,
P. W. Fattig (Washington and Townes). 9, Manhattan, Kans.,
Sept. 4, 1949, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, Takoma Park, Md., Sept.
5, 1942, H. and M. Townes (Townes). <, Crabtree Meadows at
3,600 ft. in Yancey County, N. C., Aug. 25, 1950, Townes family
(Townes). 29, Kill Devil Hills, N. C., July 1 and 18, 1950, K. V.
Krombein (Krombein). 9°, Raleigh, N. C., Oct. 1, 1949, H. Townes
(Townes). 9, Wake County, N. C., July 28, 1951, H. and M. Townes
(Townes). 467, 49, at Liriodendron honeydew, Wallace, N. C.,
June 17, 1949, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Pennsylvania, Melsheimer
(Cambridge). 7.6, Columbia, S. C., June 10, July 6 and 7, and Aug.
3, 6, and 16, 1951, G. F. Townes (Townes). 39, Columbia, S. C.,
July 4 and Aug. 6 and 24, 1951, G. F. Townes (Townes). 29, Flor-
ence, S. C., July 26, 1950, H. Townes (Townes). <, Arlington, Va.,
July 25, 1948, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). 2, Dunn Loring (near
Vienna), Va., Aug. 6, 1949, and Aug. 22, 1948, K. V. Krombein
(Krombein). 26, Falls Church, Va., Aug. 10 and Aug. 23, N. Banks
(Cambridge).
This species occurs in the Carolinian faunal area. Females have
been taken in mesophytic open woods, crawling among the twigs of
bushes and looking much like Camponotus hereuleanus. Adults are on
the wing from the middle of June through September.
9. Ageniella (Ageniella) cupida (Cresson)
Pompilus (Agenia) cupidus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1 p. 122,
9. Type: 9, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Mate: Forewing 6.0 to 7.0 mm. long; clypeus about 0.56 as long as
wide (in most other species of the cupida group, the clypeus is
proportionally a little shorter) ; clypeus without a median apical tooth
or with a very weak one; temple with about 30 long suberect hairs;
mesopleuron with a carina extending obliquely downward from the
front end of its transverse groove, the carina about as long as the width
of the front femur; third cubital cell about 1.8 as long as high, receiving
the second recurrent vein at the middle; subgenital plate narrowly
tectate, without erect hairs.
Black. Wings hyaline, margined apically with light fuscous;
abdomen with a weak bluish iridescence; seventh tergite with a large
white spot.
204 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Fremaue: Forewing 7.0 to 8.5 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus with a broad weak median tooth, the rest of the clypeus
very densely pubescent; temple with about 5 long suberect hairs
below, near the occipital carina; propodeum with weak, irregular,
transverse wrinkles.
Black. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, legs, and abdomen with a
strong, dark blue iridescence; forewing fuscous; hind wing subhyaline,
its apical part weakly infuscate.
Specimens: 9, Poudre Canyon at 5,200 ft., Larimer County,
Colo., Aug. 19 to 22, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). o, Atlanta, Ga.,
June 23, 1938, P. W. Fattig (Washington). 9, Sioux City, Iowa,
Figure 117.—Localities for Ageniella cupida.
Aug. 26, 1920, C. N. Ainslie (Washington), 9, on flowers of Huphorbia
marginata, Manhattan, Kans., H. E. Evans (Townes). 9, Chaffee,
N. Y., Aug. 6, 1934, J. G. Franclemont (Krombein). 9°, Ithaca,
N. Y., July 25, 1890 (Cambridge). 9, Grand Canyon, Pa., Aug. 2,
1946, S. W. Frost (Evans). 9, Highspire, Pa., Aug. 21, 1909, W. S.
Fisher (Cambridge). o, Dunn Loring (near Vienna), Va., July 13,
1947, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). 267, Dunn Loring, Va., July
22, 1951, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes). 9%, Guatemala
City, Guatemala, June 12, 1923, E.G. Smyth (Washington). 29, Teoti-
huacdn, ‘‘Pyr.,”’ México, July 7, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans and
Townes).
This is a widely distributed but uncommon species. Jt has been
taken from New York to Guatemala, and as far west as the Rocky
_ Mountains.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 205
Ficure 118.—Locality for Agentella submetallica.
10. Ageniella (Ageniella) submetallica (Banks)
Pseudagenia submetallica Banks, 1917, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 61, p. 108, ?.
Type: ?, Austin, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Unknown.
FrmMa.e: Forewing 8.0 mm. long. Similar in structure and color to
A. euphoribae except that it is slightly larger, the temple has about 40
long hairs, and the clypeus is as in A. cupida.
SPECIMEN: 9 (type), Austin, Tex. (Cambridge).
Figure 119.—Localities for Ageniella evanst.
ll. Ageniella (Ageniella) evansi, new species
Mate: Unknown.
FreMa.e: Forewing 7.5 to 10.0 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus broadened medially into a weak truncate or slightly bilobed
projection; temple with about 40 long suberect hairs; mesopleuron
347756—57——14
206 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
without an oblique carina at the front end of its transverse groove;
propodeum without transverse wrinkles.
Black. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, femora, tibiae, and abdomen
with a dark blue iridescence; forewing infuscate, a little paler basally;
hind wing subhyaline, its apex a little infuscate.
Type: 9, Mount Lemmon at 9,000 ft., Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz.,
Aug. 2 to 4, 1948, H. E. Evans (Ithaca).
Paratyrpes: 29, Madera Canyon at 6,500 ft., Santa Rita Mts.,
Ariz., July 30, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans and Washington). 9,
Rustlers Park at 9,000 ft., Chiricahua Mts., Ariz., July 7 to 8, 1948,
H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, with prey (immature Lycosa sp.), Cloud-
croft, N. Mex., 9,000 ft., July 26, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9
(lacking abdomen), South Fork of Eagle Creek at about 8,000 ft.,
White Mts., N. Mex., Aug. 16, C. H. T. Townsend (Washington).
29, Teotihuacan, ‘‘Pyr.,’’ México, July 7, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans
and Townes).
This species is known only from México end the mountains of Arizona
and New Mexico at 6,500 to 9,000 ft. altitude.
Ficure 120.—Localities for Ageniella norata.
12. Ageniella (Ageniella) norata Banks
Ageniella norata Banks, 1914, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 22, p. 305, o.
Lectotype: co’, Niagara Falls, N. Y., July 31, 1910, M. C. Van Duzee (Cam-
bridge).
Ageniella cupidella Banks, 1915, Canadian Ent., vol. 47, p. 400, 9. Type: 9,
Ridgeway, Ont. (Cambridge).
Matz: Forewing 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long; clypeus without a median
apical tooth or a notch; temple with about 15 long suberect hairs;
mesopleuron without an oblique carina at the front end of its trans-
verse groove, or sometimes with a short weak one; third cubital cell
about 1.7 as long as high, receiving the second recurrent vein at the
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 207
middle; subgenital plate rather broadly ligulate, slightly decurved,
and with scattered erect hairs that are a little longer than the width
of the plate, straight, and with their apical 0.25 bent over.
Black. Wings hyaline, margined apically with light fuscous;
seventh tergite with a large dirty white spot.
Frmaue: Forewing 5.0 to 6.5 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus a little widened medially to make an indistinct median tooth;
temple with about ten long suberect hairs; mesopleuron without an
oblique carina at the front end of its transverse groove; propodeum
without wrinkles.
Black. Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and abdomen with a rather
weak, dark, greenish blue iridescence; wings subhyaline, the apical
0.35 of the forewing somewhat infuscate and the apical part of the
hind wing weakly infuscate.
SPECIMENS (30 o’, 31 2): From Connecticut (Kast Hartford) ; Dis-
trict of Columbia (Washington); Indiana (Mineral Springs); Kansas
(Onaga); Maryland (Cabin John and Glen Echo); Massachusetts
(Sherborn, South Natick, and Wellesley) ; New Jersey (Chatsworth in
Burlington County); New York (Enfield Glen in Tompkins County,
Gardiners Island, Ithaca, and Niagara Falls); North Carolina (Crab-
tree Meadow at 3,600 ft. in Yancey County, Hamrick, and Hot
Springs); Ontario (Ridgeway); Pennsylvania (Mount Holly Springs) ;
Quebec (Aylmer) ; and Virginia (Arlington, Falls Church, and Rosslyn).
Dates of collection fall mostly between July 10 and Sept. 8.
The earlier and later dates on record are July 8 at Falls Church, Va.;
July 21 at Niagara Falls, N. Y.; July 23 at Ithaca, N. Y.; July 24 at
Onaga, Kans., in Burlington County, N. J., and at Washington, D. C.;
Sept. 6 at Falls Church, Va., Sept. 7 at Ridgeway, Ont., Sept. 8 at
Aylmer, Que., and Sept. 23 at Cabin John (near Washington, D. C.),
Md. Seven of the collected lots are definitely recorded from woods.
Included in these is a collection of 11 &, 6 9 from ‘‘dense woods,”
and a collection of 2 9 taken ‘“‘on bushes in open woods.”
This is a woodland species of the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas.
There seems to be a single generation a year; it emerges late in July
and is on the wing into early September.
13. Ageniella (Ageniella) neglecta Banks
Ageniella neglecta Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 176, #@. Type:
o', Boulder, Colo. (Cambridge).
Matz: Forewing 3.3 to 4.5 mm. long; apical margin of clypeus
without a median apical tooth or a notch; temple with about four long
suberect hairs; mesopleuron without an oblique carina at the front
end of its transverse groove; third cubital cell about 1.6 as long as high,
receiving the second recurrent vein at the apical 0.4; subgenital plate
narrowly ligulate, somewhat decurved, with a marginal row of erect
208 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 121.—Localities for Ageniella neglecta.
hairs that are longer than the width of the sternite and incurved, and
with a median row or band of ascending hairs about 0.6 as long as the
marginal ones.
Black. Wings subhyaline, the apical part of the forewing weakly
infuscate; seventh tergite with a large white spot.
Fremaue: Unknown.
SPECIMENS: o', Patagonia, Ariz., June 24, 1933, R. H. Beamer
(Lawrence). o (type), Boulder, Colo. Aug.? 26, 1908, S. A. Rohwer
(Cambridge). o, Fort Collins, Colo., June 15, 1896, C. F. Baker
(Washington). 3 co, visiting honeydew on Salix, Poudre Canyon
at 5,200 ft., Larimer County, Colo., Aug. 19 to 22, 1948, H. HE.
Evans (Evans and Washington). <, Monzano, N. Mex., June 26,
1941, R. H. Beamer (Evans). 9 o, 14 miles west of Huauchinango,
Puebla, México, June 17, 1951, P. D. Hurd (Berkeley, Evans, and
Townes). 9 o, 15 kilometers east of Sombrerete, Zacatecas, México,
July 28 to 31, 1951, P. D. Hurd (Berkeley). 3 &, Teotihuacdén, ‘“Pyr.,”
México, June 15 and July 7, 1951, P. D. Hurd and H. E. Evans
(Berkeley, Evans, and Townes).
CORONATA GROUP
Clypeus with its apical hairless margin moderately wide, polished,
and separated from the rest of the clypeus by a groove; mesopleuron
with a carina extending obliquely downward and backward from the
front end of its transverse groove; propodeum without erect hairs,
only with pubescence; basal external carina of front coxa strongly
curved and ending at about the basal 0.3 of the coxa (weakly curved
and ending near the midlength of the coxa in the rest of the genus);
brush on inner side of hind tibia continuous to the apex; last tarsal
segment of all legs with several stout bristles beneath (these bristles
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 209
absent in other groups except in most females of the accepta group) ;
subgenital plate of male tectate, the apex rounded.
Insect ferruginous with a few very restricted black markings, the
wings dark brown.
This species group includes only the Nearctic coronata, which ranges
from California to British Columbia, and eastward to Utah.
Figure 122.—Localities for Agentella coronata.
14. Ageniella (Ageniella) coronata Banks
Agenitella coronata Banks, 1919, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, p. 242, 9. Type:
9, Santa Paula, California (Ithaca).
Maus: Forewing 8.0 to 10.0mm.long. Ferruginous. Thorax with
variable black sutural markings; wings dark brown; base of first
abdominal segment black.
Frema.e: Forewing 9.0 to 14.0 mm. long. Ferruginous. Wings
dark brown; base of first abdominal segment black.
SPECIMENS (1507, 272): From British Columbia (Lytton, Oliver,
Okanagan, and Peachland); California (Berkeley, Camino, Carmel,
Chile Bar in El] Dorado County, mountains near Claremont, Laguna
Beach, Long Canyon at 4,000 ft. in the San Gabriel Mts., Miami
Ranger Station in Mariposa County, Mount Hermon in Santa
Cruz County, hills back of Oakland, Sonoma County, Redwood City,
Penryn, ‘‘S. Buenaventura,’’ San Francisco, San Rafael, Santa Cruz
Mts., Saticoy, and Telsa in Alameda County); Utah (Logan); and
Washington (Grand Coulee).
Dates of collection fall in July and August except for two: June 16
at Redwood City, Calif. and Sept. 15 at Telsa in Alameda County,
Calif.
This species occurs in the Transition Zone from British Columbia to
central California and eastward to Utah.
210 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
ACCEPTA GROUP
Hairless apical margin of clypeus moderately wide; mesopleuron
with a short weak carina extending obliquely downward and backward
from the front end of its transverse groove; propodeum without or
posteriorly with a few erect hairs; brush on inside of hind tibia usually
with a subapical interruption; last tarsal segment in the female
usually with two or several bristles beneath (these bristles absent in
all the other species groups except the coronata group); subgenital plate
of male narrowly tectate, the apex rounded.
Male with frons usually with an obscure rufous spot near the upper
end of the eye (this spot absent in the other species groups); tibial
spurs of male blackish or dusky in the Nearctic species. Female with
head, body, and appendages ferruginous.
This species group includes conflicta, blaisdelli, accepta, and Ageniella
persimilts Banks 1931 and an undetermined species, both from
Mexico. Ageniella maya Banks 1931 is possibly the male of persimilis.
15. Ageniella (Ageniella) conflicta Banks
PLATE 2, FIGURE 32
Pompilus (Agenia) petiolatus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1,
p. 127, &. Type: o&, Illinois (Philadelphia); preoccupied by Pompilus
petiolatus Say, 1836.
Ageniella accepta var. conflicta Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 176,
9. Type: ¢@, Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Mats: Forewing 4.0 to 4.5 mm. long; bristles on flagellum large
enough to be conspicuous among the fine erect sense hairs.
Black. Frons with an ill-defined rufous spot near the top of the eye,
sometimes subobsolete; flagellum dark brown beneath; wings sub-
hyaline, the apex weakly infuscate; fore tibia fulvous in front; seventh
tergite with a large whitish spot.
Frmaue: Forewing 4.0 to 8.5 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus widened medially into a weak tooth; clypeus weakly im-
pressed sublaterally so that the central half of its apical margin is not
distinctly set off from its lateral quarters; frons subshining, with fine
rather close punctures.
Ferruginous. Wings pale stramineous, the hind wing sometimes a
little darker apically, the forewing with a brown band over the basal
vein and nervulus, and its apical 0.35 brown, this brown area including
a large subapical crescent-shaped hyaline area.
SPECIMENS (9 co’, 902): From Alabama (Mobile and Thomasville) ;
Alberta (Medicine Hat); Arizona (Douglas and Tucson); California
(Coachella, Los Angeles County, and Santa Clara); Colorado (Boulder
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 211
and Rifle); District of Columbia (Washington); Florida (Marco in
Collier County and St. Johns County); Georgia (Head River and
Spring Creek); Iowa (Mountain Home and Sioux City); Kansas (Clay
County, Dickinson County, Grant County, Manhattan, Morton
County, and Riley County); Massachusetts (Woods Hole); Nebraska
(Halsey); New Jersey (Weymouth); New Mexico (4.3 miles south of
Gladstone); New York (Riverhead and Farmingville); North Carolina
(Southern Pines) Pennsylvania (Philadelphia); Tennessee (Fentress
Figure 123.—Localities for Ageniella conflicta.
County); Texas (Austin, El Paso, Fedor, near Fort Davis, and Limpia
Canyon in the Davis Mts. at 5,000 ft.); Utah (Orderville in Kane
County at 5,500 ft.); Virginia (Arlington, Dunn Loring, Falls Church,
and Vienna); and Guatemala (Agutla).
Extensive seasonal data for Washington, D. C., record males on the
wing from June 15 to Aug. 6 and females from June 18 to Oct. 5, with
most of the females taken in July, August, and September. In
warmer climates females have been taken a little earlier and later, as
on May 38 at Fedor, Tex., May 18 to 21 at Spring Creek, Ga., May 21
at Coachella, Calif., and Nov. 18 in St. Johns County, Fla. Three
of the specimens have with them the prey they were carrying when
captured: @, Washington, D. C., Sept. 6, 1946, M. Vogel, with an
immature of Lycosa avara; 2, Washington, D. C., July 1945, M.
Vogel, with an immature of Lycosa sp; and 9, Riverhead, N. Y.,
Aug. 1, 1917, Wm. T. Davis, with an immature of Lycosa sp. Vogel
reports that he has taken this species a number of times with prey.
In each case the legs had been taken off, but palpi were still present.
This species is transcontinental, mostly in the Upper Austral Zone.
Adults are commonest in July, August, and September. Immature
specimens of Lycosa constitute the prey.
212 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
16. Ageniella (Ageniella) blaisdelli (Fox)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 34
Pseudagenia blaisdelli Fox, 1892, Ent. News, vol. 3, p. 171, 9. Type: 9, San
Diego, Calif. (Washington).
Ageniella praestans Banks, 1914, Journ. New York Ent. Soe. vol. 22, p. 305, [@].
Lectotype: o, San Diego, Calif., June, E. P. Van Duzee (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 4.0 to 6.8 mm. long; bristles on flagellum not large
enough to be conspicuous among the fine erect sense hairs.
Blackish. Frons with a poorly defined rufous spot near the top of
the eye, sometimes almost or quite obsolete; flagellum fulvous or
strongly tinged with fulvous beneath; wings subhyaline, the apex of
the forewing weakly infuscate; legs beyond trochanters dark brown
to blackish; seventh tergite with a large whitish spot.
Figure 124.—Localities for Agentella blaisdellt.
Frma.e: Forewing 5.0 to 8.5 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus widened medially into a weak tooth; clypeus weakly impressed
sublaterally so that the central half of its apical margin is not dis-
tinctly set off from its lateral quarters; frons almost mat with fine,
very close punctures.
Ferruginous. Hind wing faintly tinged with brown, a little darker
apically; forewing brown, a little paler basally and a little darker
over the basal vein and nervulus and with a crescent-shaped faintly
paler subapical area. The forewing thus has a suggestion of the
banded color pattern characteristic of A. conflicta and A. accepta,
but its general appearance is rather uniformly brown.
SpEcIMENS (45 o, 1129): From British Columbia (Okanagan and
Vernon); California (Adelanto, Benicia, Berkeley, Big Basin in Santa
Cruz County, Camino, Chile Bar in El Dorado County, Claremont,
Davis, Mount Frazier in Kern County, Glenwood, Hallelujah Junction
in Lassen County, Hemet in Riverside County, La Crescenta, La
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 213
Jolla, Lake Almanor in Plumas County, Lemon Cove in Tulare
County at 500 ft., Lindsay, Lompoc, Los Angeles County, Modoc
County, Monterey, Muir Woods, Mount Diablo in Contra Costa
County, Napa, Plenty in Butte County, Quincey, Russian River at
Mesa Grande, San Diego, San Druno, San Jacinto Mts., San Juan
Capistrano, San Rafael, Santa Barbara, Shafter, Sisson, Stanford
University, Stockton, Sugar Pine in Madera County at 4,300 to 5,000
ft., Tahoe, Tamales Bay near Marshalls, Tehachapi, Telsa in Alameda
County, and Tracy in San Joaquin County) ; Idaho (Jerome, Lewiston,
and at 4,000 ft. on Moscow Mt. near Moscow); Oregon (Antelope Mt.
in Harney County at 6,500 ft., Ashland, Blooming, Brookings,
Corvallis, Grizzly Butte, Hood River, Klamath Lake, La Grande,
and Summerville); Utah (Payson and Salt Lake); and Washington
(Connell, Grand Coulee, Pullman, Ritzville, 20 miles south of Tap-
penish, and Wawawai).
Collection dates for males are mostly from July 9 to Sept. 25; outside
these dates is a record for May 22 at Plenty in Butte County, Calif.,
one for June at San Diego, Calif.; and one for June 4 at Klamath Lake,
Oreg. Female collections are mostly from July 7 to Oct 3, with out-
side records as follows: May 27 at Glenwood, Calif.; June 18 at Berk-
eley, Calif.; June 25 at Shafter, Calif.; July 2 at Vernon, British
Columbia; Oct 4 at Stanford University, Calif.; Oct 15 at Telsa, Calif. ;
and Noy. 5 at Monterey, Calif.
This is a common species of the Transition and Upper Austral
Zones from southern British Columbia to southern California. There
are a few records from Idaho and Utah. Adults are on the wing
mostly in July, August, and September.
17. Ageniella (Ageniella) accepta (Cresson)
PLATE 2, FIGURE 33
Pompilus (Agenia) acceptus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 130,
2. Type: 9, Georgia (Philadelphia).
Pseudagenia texana Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 125,
o. Lectotype: @, Fedor, Lee County, Tex., June 18, 1909, Birkmann
(Cambridge).
Ageniella adara Brimley, 1934, Ent. News, vol. 45, p. 41, @. Type: o, Raleigh,
N. C. (Raleigh).
Mate: Forewing 4.0 to 5.0 mm. long; bristles on flagellum large
enough to be conspicuous among the fine erect sense hairs.
Blackish. Frons with a poorly defined rufous spot near the top
of the eye, sometimes almost or quite obsolete; flagellum fulvous
beneath; wings hyaline, the apex of the forewing weakly infuscate;
femora, or at least the hind femur, fulvous, more or less brownish
basally; tibiae fulvous to medium brown; seventh tergite with a
large whitish spot.
214 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 125.—Localities for Ageniella accepta.
FreMa.e: Forewing 5.0 to 8.0 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus not widened at the middle, without a median tooth and often
its apical edge concave medially; clypeus rather strongly impressed
sublaterally, so that the central half of its apical margin is distinctly
set off from its lateral quarters; frons almost mat, with fine, very
close punctures.
Ferruginous. Wings pale stramineous, the hind wing sometimes
a little darker apically, the forewing with a brown band over the
basal vein and nervulus, and its apical 0.35 brown, this brown area
including a large subapical crescent-shaped hyaline area. The wing
markings average a little heavier than in the similarly colored A.
conflicta.
SPECIMENS (52 o’, 71 9): From Alabama (Auburn, Florala, Selma,
and Tuscaloosa); Arizona (Mariposa Mts., Quijotoa in Pima County,
and Tempe); California (Imperial County, Lemon Cove in Tulare
County at 500 ft., National City, and Wood Lake in Tulare County);
Colorado (Boulder and Grand Junction); Georgia (Bainbridge, Grif-
fin, Milner, and Silver Lake in Fulton County); Idaho (Boise);
Kansas (Riley County); Mississippi (Oxford); Missouri (St. Louis) ;
New Mexico (Mesilla); North Carolina (Raleigh) ; Oklahoma (Durant
and ‘Wichita N.F.’’); Texas (Bexar County, Brazos County, Browns-
ville, College Station, Dallas, Dimmit County, El Paso, Fedor, Frio
State Park in Frio County, Groesbeck, Limpia Canyon in the Davis
Mts. at 5,000 ft., McDade, Port Isabel in Cameron County, Richmond,
Rio Grande in Brewster County, Rock Island, Victoria, and Waco) ;
Utah (Bountiful); Virginia (Cape Charles); and México (Las Ruscias
at Muzquiz in Coahuila).
Adults seem to be on the wing throughout the warmer months.
The earliest collection date is Apr. 10 at Brownsville, Tex., and the
latest Oct. 24 at Victoria, Tex. Many specimens of both sexes taken
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 2N5
at Raleigh, N. C., indicate that the period of greatest abundance
there is July, August, and September. Both sexes have been taken
commonly at nectaries of Cassia nictitans, and the species has been
collected also on Euphorbia marginata, Baccharis glutinosa, and Bifora
americana. The females seem to hunt primarily on ground with
sparse, short vegetation such as on run-down lawns or abandoned
eroded fields. They run over the ground with the abdomen tucked
forward in a way that gives an appearance like that of Pogonomyrmez.
There is also a resemblance to some female mutillids. When at
nectaries among vegetation they crawl about with the abdomen in a
normal position and look much like a large Formica pallide-fulva.
Females are slow to take flight, which increases their antlike appear-
ance.
This species is transcontinental in the Lower Austral Zone. Adults
are on the wing in the warmer months.
Subgenus Ameragenia Banks
Ameragenia Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 125. Type: Ameragenia
trene Banks; monobasic.
Hairless apical margin of clypeus not separated from the rest of
the face by a groove, or sometimes separated by a groove; meso-
pleuron without an oblique carina at the front end of its transverse
groove; propodeum with many long erect hairs; brush on inner side
of hind tibia continuous to the apex; spines on tibiae, especially in
the female, numerous, stout, and divergent, in the female the hind
tibia often somewhat tuberculate at the bases of the spines; forewing
with the second cubital cell usually rather short and the third long,
the third cubital cell receiving the second recurrent vein at about
its basal 0.35 (in the other subgenera receiving the second recurrent
vein near or beyond its middle); sixth sternite of male with a median
apical, weakly raised, rounded ridge, on each side of which the sternite
is impressed; subgenital plate narrowly tectate, variable.
Coloration of tibial spurs of male variable.
This subgenus includes salti, fasciata, and striga, which are Neo-
tropic elements reaching the southern borders of the United States,
and the strictly Neotropic Pompilus novellus Cresson 1869, Pseuda-
genia anconis Banks 1925, Priocnemis (Priocnemis) zeteki Banks 1925,
Priocnemis ursula Banks 1944, Priophanes eudora Banks 1945,
Priophanes insolens Banks 1946, Priophanes marcida Banks 1946,
Priophanes plagosa Banks 1946, Ameragenia cleora Banks 1946,
Ameragenia dolorosa Banks 1946, Ameragenia fabricit Banks 1946,
Ameragenia festina Banks 1946, Ameragenia incrota Banks 1946,
Ameragenia irene Banks 1945, Ameragenia notabilis Banks 1946,
Ameragenia partida Banks 1946, Ameragenia pretiosa Banks 1946,
Ameragenia similaris Banks 1946, Ameragenia thione Banks 1946, and
216 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ageniella alternata Banks 1946. None of the above have been placed
previously in both the genus Ageniella and subgenus Ameragenia.
This subgenus is the dominant one of the genus in South America
and is well represented also in Central America.
Keys to the Nearctic species of subgenus Ameragenia
MALES
(The male of only one Nearctic species (saltz) is known; probably the
habitat of this species (Florida) and many features in its coloration
will easily distinguish it from other Nearctic males.)
FEMALES
1. Face and clypeus fulvous; forewing uniformly hyaline; habitat: Florida.
3. salti (Banks)
Face and clypeus black; forewing hyaline, banded with fuscous; habitat:
México: and southerh* Pexagt RP tat See BE US citys Lepod te Boas Gl ente
2. hemora and Scape blacks oo. en ain chicas oe eee Stee. mew. ISDeCles
Femora rufous; scape fulvous. . ...... . 2. fasciata, new species
Figure 126.—Locality for Ageniella striga.
1. Ageniella (Ameragenia) striga, new species
Mate: Unknown.
Fremaue: Forewing 4.7 mm. long; apical hairless margin of clypeus
narrow, separated from the rest of the clypeus by a distinct furrow;
tibial bristles a little sparser and shorter than usual for the subgenus;
long erect hair on propodeum a little sparser than usual for the sub-
genus.
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 217
Black. Flagellum brown, paler beneath; wings hyaline, the fore-
wing with a fuscous band beneath the outer end of the stigma, and its
apex faintly infuscate.
Types: 9, Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 1945, collected by Shiller and
Moreland in connection with a DDT experiment (Washington,
USNM 61707).
Ficure 127.—Locality for Agentella fasctata.
2. Ageniella (Ameragenia) fasciata, new species
Mate: Unknown.
FEMALE: Forewing 6.5 to 8.0 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus rather narrow, mat, separated from the rest of the clypeus by a
distinct furrow; long erect hairs on propodeum numerous; tibial
bristles numerous and long.
Black. Antenna dark brown; front tibia in front and its femur
apically stained with rufous; middle and hind femora and tibiae rufous,
the femora basally and the tibiae apically infuscate; tarsi dark brown;
wings hyaline, the forewing with a small faint fuscous mark over the
nervulus and lower part of the basal vein, the apex infuscate, and a
fuscous transverse band below the outer end of the stigma.
This species is close to Pompilus novellus Cresson 1869, from México;
however, the type of novellus lacks an apical dark mark on the fore-
wing and has a larger darker mark on the basal vein than in fasciata.
TypsE: 9, Brownsville, Tex., Aug. 1945, collected by Shiller and
Moreland in connection with a DDT experiment (Washington,
USNM 61708).
PARATYPE: 2, Cérdoba, México, Jan. 1, 1941, G. E. Bohart (Berke-
ley).
218 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Ageniella (Ameragenia) salti (Banks)
Priocnemella salti Banks, 1928, Studies on Cuban insects (Harvard Univ. Press),
vol. 1 p. 6,2. Lectotype:?, Soledad, Cuba, Feb. 16, 1925, G. Salt (Cam-
bridge).
Priocnemis osceola Banks, 1939, Canadian Ent., vol. 71 p. 230,9. Lectotype: 9,
Orlando, Fla., April 18, Paige (Cambridge).
Maus: Forewing 4.5 mm. long; propodeum with long erect hairs;
seventh sternite short spatulate, a little convex, with a weak median
longitudinal carina.
Blackish. Face and clypeus with a median fulvous stripe extending
from between the antennae nearly to the apex of the clypeus, other-
wise white with the white extending to the lower lateral corner of the
frons; legs fulvous, the upper side of the hind coxa infuscate and the
spurs of the middle and hind tibiae white; abdomen beneath tinged
with fulvous, the underside of the first segment definitely fulvous.
Frmate: Forewing 6.0 to 8.5 mm. long; apical hairless margin of
clypeus polished, separated from the rest of the clypeus by an indis-
tinct groove; propodeum with numerous long erect hairs; tibial bristles
numerous and long.
Blackish. Face, clypeus, mouth parts, scape, and pedicel fulvo-
ferruginous; flagellum brown above, fulvous beneath; frons and
mesonotum with a greenish iridescence; wings hyaline; underside of
Figure 128.—Localities for Agentella salti.
coxae, more or less of underside of trochanters, and femora except
above, dusky fulvous; tibiae and tarsi dark brown; abdomen laterally,
apically, and ventrally dusky fulvous, the central part of its underside
partly fuscous.
SPECIMENS: 9, Gainesville, Fla., Feb. 17, 1923, T. H. Hubbell (Ann
Arbor). 9, Miami, Fla., “3-31,” J. N. Knull (Washington). 9 (type
of osceola), Orlando, Fla., Apr. 18, Paige (Cambridge). 9, Miami,
Fla. (Washington). 9, Orange County, Fla., Apr. 18, 1930, W. M. Loe
PEPSINAE: TRIBE MACROMERINI 219
(Washington). 9, Orange County, Fla., June 14, 1929, E. T. Bates
(Washington). 9, Paradise Key, Fla., Feb. 20, 1919, T. E. Snyder
(Washington). 32 (one with Clubiona sp., 2 as prey), taken on trees
and bushes in dense hammock woods, Paradise Key, Fla., Apr. 6, 7,
and 12, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Paradise Key, Fla.,
Mar. 22, 1954, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). 29, Seminole County.,
Fla., Aug. 14 and 15, 1929, H. Clark (Washington). 9, South Miami,
June 5 (Cambridge). 9, Winter Park, Fla., June 14, 1938, (Washing-
ton). o, Jarahueca, Oriente, Cuba, July 14 to 18, 1921, S. C. Bruner,
(Cambridge). The types of saltz are from Soledad and near Havana,
Cuba.
This species occurs in Florida and Cuba.
Genus Priocnemella Banks
Priocnemella Banks, 1925, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 67, p. 337. Type:
Priocnemis (Priocnemella) fairchildi Banks; designated by Pate, 1946.
Eragenia Banks, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 96, p. 421 (new synonymy).
Type: Hragenia infelix Banks; original designation.
Clypeus broad, short, with a troughlike impression paralleling its
lateroapical margin, the apical margin broadly truncate in the female,
in the male emarginate, truncate, or specialized; mentum of female
with a sparse brush of long slender hairs with curved tips; apex of
front tibia on the hind side with a spinelike bristle that is stronger
than its neighbors and distinctly recurved (best developed in the
female); dorsal edge of hind tibia almost or quite smooth; under side
of last tarsal segment without distinct preapical bristles; propodeum
without long erect hairs; first tergite without a line separating the
epipleuron; female without a pygidial area.
This is a compact genus of Neotropic species, one of which reaches
southern Texas. Besides this one, the species of which I have seen
the types are Ageniella isolata Banks, 1925, A. rufothoraz Banks 1925,
A. bequaerti Banks 1945, A. caloptera Banks 1945, A. delila Banks
1944, A. amoena Banks 1946, Priocnemis fairchildi Banks 1925,
Eragenia infelix Banks 1946, and Lissagenia insignis Banks 1946.
Except for fairchildi, these are all new combinations in Priocnemella.
Priocnemella tabascoensis (Cameron), new combination
Pseudagenia tabascoensis Cameron, 1891, in Biologia Centrali Americana, Hymen-
optera, vol. 3, p. 172,07. Type: &, Teapa, Tabasco, México (London).
Ageniella rufula Banks, 1945, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 4, p. 117, 9 (new syn-
onymy). Type:?, Minca to Cincinnati, San Lorenzo Mt., Colombia
(Cambridge).
Mats: Forewing 5.8 mm. long; propodeum mat, without wrinkles.
Frmaze: Forewing 6.7 to 8.2 mm. long; propodeum finely, weakly
wrinkled, the pattern of wrinkling varying in the specimens at hand
as follows: wrinkling transverse and somewhat irregularly reticulate
220 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 129.—Locality for Priocnemella tabascoensis.
in the type of rufula and in the specimen from Ecuador; wrinkling as
transverse parallel ridges in the specimen from Panam4é; and wrinkling
as a faint, fine, irregular reticulation in the specimen from Texas.
These three types of wrinkling suggest that there are three species
involved, but more specimens are needed to solve this question.
Fulvous. Prosternum and median areas on mesosternum and
metasternum fuscous; wings lightly suffused with yellowish brown,
the forewing with narrow transverse brown bands along the basal
vein and nervulus, just beyond the stigma, and at the apex. These
bands are a little narrower in the male and in the female from Panama
than in the other specimens.
The name tabascoensis is applied according to Cameron’s original
description and figure and notes on the type supplied by Mr. I.
Yarrow. More specimens may show that more than one species is
included here.
SPECIMENS: 9, Hidalgo County, Tex., 1935 (Krombein). of, Santa
Emilia, Pochuta, 1,000 m., Guatemala, Feb. to Mar., 1931, J. Bequaert
(Cambridge). 9, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panamé, Jan.
to Mar., 1944, J. Zetek (Washington). @ (type of rufula), Minca to
Cincinnati, San Lorenzo Mt., Colombia, Dec. 29, J. Bequaert (Cam-
bridge). 9, Bucay, 1,000 ft., Ecuador, Oct. 4, 1922, F. X. Williams
(Cambridge.)
This species ranges from southern Texas to Ecuador.
Subfamily CEROPALINAE
Probably the sharply compressed subgenital plate of the female is
the most distinctive recognition mark of the subfamily Ceropalinae,
the characters of which are summarized in the key. Most of these
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE NOTOCYPHINI 221
characters indicate it a derivative of the same stock as the Psammo-
charinae and it may well be a polyphyletic offshoot of that group.
Probably many years will elapse before it can be shown with satis-
faction whether the present limits of the subfamily Ceropalinae is a
natural one. The genera included in it here agree in certain mor-
phological characters and have a biological similarity in that they do
not store spiders in nests. The Notocyphini and Minageniini, as far
as known, oviposit on spiders which continue to be free and active
until the growing wasp larva finally kills it. A few Psammocharinae
(e. g., Homonotus) have somewhat similar habits. The Ceropalini
oviposit on the spider prey of other psammocharids and thus live as
social parasites. Grouping these three tribes together as a single
subfamily emphasizes these similarities and avoids the maintenance
of a large number of small subfamilies. It is hoped that this arrange-
ment may prove a useful one.
Key to the tribes of Ceropalinae
1. Nervellus ending at or distad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella;
stigma about 2.5 as long as wide (pl. 1, fig. 12); sting decurved.
Notocyphini (p. 221)
Nervellus ending far basad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella; stigma
about 3.5 to 4.5 as long as wide (pl. 1, figs. 18, 14); sting straight. . . . 2
2. Inner margins of eyes subparallel, not distinctly emarginate; labrum small,
SHCOUSDICUOUSIY Exposed... 9... 2 ss sets 6 ee Minageniini (p. 225)
Inner margins of eyes strongly divergent above, emarginate above the middle;
labrum large, conspicuously exposed. ........ Ceropalini (p. 237)
Tribe Notocyphini
Labrum large and exposed; eyes subparallel within; flagellum flex-
ible and not unusually thickened; thorax long; propodeum long, at
least in the female with a long dorsal face and a well differentiated
posterior face; stigma small, about 2.5 as long as wide; nervellus ending
at or distad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella; middle and
hind femora often with spinelike bristles set in pits; spinelike bristles
on outer apical margin of hind tibia short, regular, closely spaced,
and usually forming an uninterrupted row; last segment of tarsi often
with a median ventral row of bristles; female subgenital plate com-
pressed, with a median, ventral longitudinal ridge, at least apically;
sting decurved.
There are two genera known, the Oriental Minotocyphus(=Sinoto-
cyphus, new synonymy), and the predominately Neotropic Notocyphus.
They differ most conspicuously in the shape of the apical margin of
the labrum, convexly rounded in Minotocyphus and concavely emar-
ginate in Notocyphus.
347756—57——_15
222 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Genus Notocyphus Smith
Notocyphus Smith, 1855. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the...
British Museum, pt. 3, p. 172. Type: Notocyphus saevissimus Smith;
designated by Smith, 1873.
This is a genus of the Neotropics, with a single polytypic species
invading the southwestern portion of the United States. In 1951
(U.S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, p. 920) I considered this species
identical with the Mexican Notocyphus plagiatus Smith, but notes on
the type of plagiatus sent to me from the British Museum by
Mr. I. Yarrow indicate that it is probably distinct.
Notocyphus dorsalis Cresson
This species is divisible into three subspecies on color characters,
as indicated in the key below.
Keys to the subspecies of Notocyphus dorsalis
MALES
1. Forewing entirely fuscous; range: Texas and northeastern and north-central
IMIGXI COS se ai fier tower teeta ae. See ean ele eRe 1c. dorsalis dorsalis Cresson
ae fuscous on ee erica third, its basal two-thirds more hyaline (pl. 1,
FT ALD) eS iss es paca tei ora seu aves pata fet Rove sins Pe tale iacoui nace dey Pe cea On te Rone 2
2. Range: Arizona and southern California
1b. dorsalis arizonicus, new subspecies
Range: central México to Guatemala . 1a. dorsalis restrictus, new subspecies
FEMALES
1. Side of pronotum black; frons orange in the middle, black next to the eyes;
range: central México to Guatemala. 1a. dorsalis restrictus, new subspecies
Side of pronotum partly orange-red; frons orange. . .......4e4e-. 2
2. Usually less than the lower 0.4 of the side of the pronotum black; range:
Arizona and southern California . 1b. dorsalis arizonicus, new subspecies
Usually more than the lower 0.4 of the side of the pronotum black; range:
Texas and northeastern and north-central México.
lc. dorsalis dorsalis Cresson
la. Notocyphus dorsalis restrictus, new subspecies
Mate: Similar to the male of the subspecies arizonicus, but the
wings are a little more suffused with blackish.
Frema.e: Forewing 9.5 to 16 mm. long. Black. Mouth parts and
antenna more or less tinged with red-brown; head and thorax marked
with orange-red as follows: frons except laterally, upper half of
posterior orbit narrowly, and a broad median stripe on the top of the
thorax extending from the neck either on to the postnotum or to
the articulation of the abdomen.
Type: 9, L. Thiel, Guatemala, 1925, S. Sebastian Retalhulen
(Washington).
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE NOTOCYPHINI 223
PARATYPES: 307, 29, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, July 23 and
24,1951, P. D. Hurd and H. E. Evans (Berkeley, Evans, and Townes).
9, México (Washington). 9, locality illegible, October (Washington).
The series from Guadalajara is somewhat intermediate to the sub-
species dorsalis.
This subspecies occurs in México and Guatemala.
Ficure 130.—Localities for Notocyphus dorsalis arizonicus.
lb. Notocyphus dorsalis arizonicus, new subspecies
PuaTE 1, FIGURE 12
Matusz: Forewing 8 to 12 mm. long. Black, marked with white as
follows: clypeus laterally, front orbits broadly, posterior orbits nar-
rowly, hind margin of pronotum (reaching the lateral lobes), usually an
elongate oval median mark on mesoscutum, dise of scutellum, disc of
postscutellum, a pair of transverse oval areas at base of third tergite
(usually confluent), and seventh tergite. Palpi more or less whitish;
apical third of forewing infuscate, the rest hyaline to more or less
infuscate but always paler than on the apical third, the basal vein and
nervulus often margined with deeper infuscation; hind wing hyaline or
subhyaline, somewhat infuscate apically.
Frema.e: Forewing 11 to 16 mm. long. Black. Mouth parts and
antennae more or less tinged with reddish brown; head and thorax
marked with orange-red as follows: frons, top of head, posterior orbit,
pronotum except its lower 0.3, mesonotum, metanotum, and pro-
podeum except laterally. Wings uniformly blackish.
TypE: o’, 6 miles west of Douglas on U. S. route 80, Ariz., July 28,
1948, H. E. Evans (Washington, USNM 61799).
PaRratyPEs: 29, Baboquivari Mts., July 7, 1924, O. C. Poling (San
Francisco). 9, Douglas, Ariz., June 16, 1942, E. C. Van Dyke (San
Francisco). o, 22, 30 miles and 35 miles northeast of Douglas at
224 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
4,650 ft. and at 4,600 ft., Ariz., Aug. 1, 1946, H. A. Scullen (Berkeley
and Townes). o', Douglas, Ariz., Aug. 20, 1932, W. W. Jones
(Washington). co, 25 miles northeast of Globe, Ariz., Aug. 9, 1948,
H. E. Evans (Evans). o, on flowers of Baccharis glutinosa, Apache,
Ariz., July 27, 1948, H. E. Evans (Evans). 1407, 39, on flowers of
Asclepias and Melilotus alba, same locality, date, and collector as the
type (Evans and Townes). 9, 4 miles north of Drake, Ariz., July 17,
F. M. Carpenter (Cambridge). 9, Oracle Junction, Pinal County,
Ariz., July 26, 1948, F. Werner (Cambridge). 29, Rio Aravaipa,
2.500 ft., Ariz. (Washington). o’, Santa Catalina Mts., 5,500 ft.,
Ariz., July 25, 1917, J. Bequaert (Cambridge). 9, Tucson, Ariz.,
Aug. 27, 1938, D. J. and J. N. Knull (Cambridge). 29, southern
Ariz. (Cambridge). 9, Arroyo Mocho, 12 miles south of Livermore,
Calif., July 18, 1948, Ray F. Smith (Berkeley). 9, Arroyo Seco,
Monterey County, Calif., Aug. 23, 1949, C. D. MacNeill (Berkeley).
9, Morongo, Calif., Sept. 18, Cockerell (Cambridge). 29, Mount
Diablo, Calif., July to August, 1941 (Berkeley). 9, Palm Springs,
Riverside County, Calif., J. D. Gunder (Townes). 92, Temecula,
Riverside County, Calif., July 4, 1950, J. W. MacSwain (Berkeley).
This subspecies occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna of Arizona and
California. Most adults have been collected in July and August.
le. Notocyphus dorsalis dorsalis Cresson
Notocyphus dorsalis Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 207, 9
Lectotype: 9, Texas (Philadelphia).
Notocyphus teranus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 207, o&.
Lectotype: o, Texas (Philadelphia).
Mates: Forewing 9 to 17 mm. long. Black, marked with white as
follows: sometimes a lateral pair of oval blotches on the clypeus,
front orbits, posterior orbits more narrowly, hind margin of pronotum
(not reaching the lateral lobes), often a small spot on scutellum, a
pair of transverse oval areas at base of third tergite (often more or less
confluent), and seventh tergite. Palpi light brown; both pairs of
wings uniformly blackish.
Frema.e: Forewing 12 to 18 mm. long. Black. Mouth parts and
antenna more or less tinged with red-brown; head and thorax marked
with orange-red as follows: frons, top of head, posterior orbit, pro-
notum except on its lower 0.5+, mesonotum, metanotum, and pro-
podeum except laterally. Wings uniformly blackish.
Specimens: 9, Alpine, Tex., June 4, 1927 (Washington). 49,
Bexar County, Tex., Sept. 10 and 19, 1931, and Oct. 27, 1935, H. B.
Parks (College Station, Tex. and Townes). oo’, Fedor, Tex., May 16
(Cambridge). 9, Pleasanton, Tex., Oct. 12, 1936 (Krombein). 9,
Valentine, Tex., July 18, 1917 (Cambridge). 9, Valentine, Tex.,
July 13, 1927, L. A. Anderson (Lawrence). 9, Williamson County,
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE MINAGENIINI 225
Tex., Sept. 8, 1934, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 4%, 29,
on Baccharis salicina, Williamson County, Tex., Oct. 5, 1935, J. E.
Gilaspy (Strandtmann, Townes, and College Station, Tex.). o&
(type of texanus), 2 (type of dorsalis), Texas (Philadelphia). 2¢
(paratypes of texanus), 22 (paratypes of dorsalis), Texas (Washington).
9, no data (Cambridge). <, on Asclepias, 8 miles south of Camargo,
Chihuahua, México, Aug. 10, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans). , 69, on
Baccharis, vicinity of Chihuahua (city), Chihuahua, México, Aug. 11
and 12, 1951, H. E. Evans and P. D. Hurd (Evans, Berkeley, and
Townes). 367, 39, on flowers of Guardiola tulocarpa, 8 miles south of
Canutillo, Durango, México, Aug. 9, 1951, P. D. Hurd and H. E.
Ficure 131.—Localities for Notocyphus dorsalis dorsalts.
Evans (Berkeley and Evans). 407, 29, Nombre de Dios, Durango,
México, Aug. 1 and 6, 1951, P. D. Hurd (Berkeley and Townes).
Cresson states that the types of both teranus and dorsalis were taken
on Solidago in September and October.
Some of the specimens here reported from various localities in
México tend in the direction of the other two subspecies, but are
closer to typical dorsalis than to the norm of the subspecies arizonicus.
or restrictus.
This subspecies is known from Texas and the adjacent parts of
México. Adults occur from June to October.
Tribe Minageniini
Labrum short, briefly exposed; eyes subparallel within; thorax rather
short; flagellum flexible and not unusually thickened; propodeum
rather short, weakly convex in profile; stigma moderate in size, about
3.5 as long as wide; nervellus ending distinctly basad of the juncture
of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 13); middle and hind femora
without spinelike bristles set in pits; spinelike bristles on outer
apical margin of hind tibia rather weak, forming an irregular or
226 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
interrupted row; last segment of tarsi without distinct preapical
spinelike bristles; female subgenital plate strongly compressed, at the
apex with a brief, ventral, longitudinal ridge; sting straight, strong.
There is a single, widely distributed genus.
Eng - oF
Genus, Minagenia Banks
Minagenia Banks, 1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., vol. 69, pp. 40, 64. Type:
Pseudagenia (Minagenia) brevicornis Banks; original designation.
Nannochilus Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 94, p. 171. Type: Pseuda-
genia externa Banks; original designation.
Minagenia probably has a wide distribution, but seems to be rare
outside of the Western Hemisphere. Besides the genotype from the
Philippines, I have seen a paratype of the Madagascan Micragenia
minima Banks 1941, which is referable to*Minagenia (new combi-
nation). The Neotropic species of which I have seen the types are
Pompilus levipes Cresson 1869, Nannochilus obscurus Banks 1946,
N. peruanus Banks 1946, N. laevis Banks 1946, and Minagenia minor
Dreisbach 1953 (all but MZ. minor are new combinations in Minagenia).
The Neartic species have a close structural similarity and a variable
coloration. They are best distinguished by the male genitalia. These
structures, however, are variable within a species, so that a series is
needed for understanding the basic specific patterns. ‘The females
belonging with the males have been identified with certainty in some
cases, in other cases with doubt or not at all. In the treatment
below females are included only in those cases where correlations
with the males are certain or probable.
What little is known about the biology of Minagenia indicates
that the larva lives as an external parasite on the abdomen of an
active spider, somewhat like the polysphinctine ichneumonids. The
cocoon apparently is spun under bark or in similar places, probably
wherever the spider succumbs.
Keys to the Nearctic Species of Minagenia
MALES
(The male of externa is unknown.)
1, Subgenital plate with a sharp median longitudinal ridge, the plate sharply
folded longitudinally; clypeus, abdomen, and femora black; genitalia as in
plate 4, figure 48... . . : ae oO: viontisdetes Dreisbach
Subsenital plate without a eeedian longitudinal ridge, flat or having the sides
uncurved (pl. 4, figs. 45, 46, 47); elypeus, abdomen, or femora often pale. . . 2
2. Second to fifth sternites with numerous Baneeed: long hairs; apical part of
paramere very slender but without unusually long bristles (pl. 3, fig. 38).
6. osoria (Banks)
Second to fifth sternites with a few oblique long hairs or without unusually
long hairs; apical part of paramere not unusually slender, or, if unusually
slender, then with unusually long bristles ... ): . «/s jo. « a-ans ive 8
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE MINAGENIINI D274
3. Clypeus blackish except in occasional specimens of julia. ........ 4
Clypeus partly or entirely stramineous. . . . < eal sy alte pe
4, Hind femur black; forewing 5.7 to 7.8 mm. lone soaeniniens with numerous
oblique bristles on both sides (pl. 3, fig. 35) . . . . 1. comgrua (Cresson)
Hind femur partly or entirely rufous; forewing 4.2 to 6.0 mm. long; paramere
with sparse divergent bristles on the outer side and now or almost none on
the inner side (pl. 4, figs. 41, 42, 43). ...... . .. 7. julia (Brimley)
5. Abdomen and middle and hind femora black or blackish; genitalia as in plate 3,
figure 37... ‘ ce es 4 ClY penta aa
Abdomen and middie ma hind Enon partly or entirely rufous. . . . 6
6. Subgenital plate pointed apically; hind coxa blackish; forewing 78 mm.
Uo 2 ee . .. . . 2. major, new species
Subgenital pinto fmenie a oeatee hind: coxa mostly rufous; forewing 5.2 to
GOR ONG. airs ie se are ee AE aia chi ete cea Oe [aeeeieneoies
8. perfecta (Provancher)
FEMALES
(Females of lata, osoria and perfecta are unknown; those of clypeata
and major are not known with certainty.)
1. Abdomen rufous. . . LEA ah sah me SCOR) FL a ware cuter ney gael
Abdomen black or mosis pinbini ee Shee 4
2. Hind femur black; forewing 7.0 to 7.7 mm. ions Bristle on eaebeomeal mints
moderately stout. .... ‘ . . . 1. congrua (Cresson)
Hind femur rufous or mostly patos eooaine 4. Si toroOnmm: longs 4 — 1S
3. Front and middle femora black; ee 8.0 mm. long; bristles on subgenital
plate stout andstubby. . .. . . . . ? 2. major, new species
Front and middle femora rufous; foneaine a 8 to 6.8 mm. long; bristles on
subgenital plate slender and Perel See en ae eee (en liay (brimiey)
4. Hind femur rufous; abdomen partly rufous. . . . . . 5. externa (Banks)
Hind femur black; abdomen entirely black or pinekiant TEED APSO SII TIAC 5S
5. Forewing weakly infuscate, with a subapical darker area; bristles on subgenital
plate mostly along the ventral edge... ... . . ? 4. clypeata (Banks)
Forewing uniformly, moderately infuscate; bristles on subgenital plate rather
BORDEOPOOS ce pel cmies ish da aps ft Sten as es oe IOMtsdorsa Dreisbach
1. Minagenia congrua (Cresson)
PLATES 3, FIGURE 35; and 4, FIGURE 46
Pompilus (Agenia) congruus Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 129,
9. Type: 9, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Agenia rufigastra Provancher, 1889, Additions et corrections au volume II de la
faune entomologique du Faune Canada traitent des Hyménoptéres, p. 264, 2.
Type: ¢?, Hull, Quebec (Quebec).
Minagenia semirufa Dresibach, 1953, Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 49, p. 841, @ (new
synonymy). Type: 92. Petersham, Mass. (Cambridge).
? Minagenia michiganensis Dreisbach, 1953, Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 49, p. 842, &
(new synonymy). Type: o’, Roscommon County, Mich. (Cambridge).
Mate: Forewing 5.7 to 7.8 mm. long; sternites 2 to 5 with a few
inconspicuous oblique hairs that are about 3 times as long as the
ordinary clothing hairs; subgenital plate oblanceolate with a rounded
apical point, the edges curled upward so that it looks quite narrow;
298 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
squama elongate lanceolate, with a dense fringe of long oblique
bristles on both margins.
Black. Labrum and mandible except basally reddish brown;
under edge of scape, palpi and front tibia brown; tibial spurs pale
brown; front tarsus brown; wings faintly tinged with brown; abdom-
inal segments 1 and 2 and sometimes the basal part of 3 rufous, the
other tergites and sternites often margined with a rufous tinge.
FremMALe: Forewing 7.0 to 7.7 mm. long; sensillae beginning at basal
0.35 of second flagellar segment; subgenital plate ventrally with a
| /
/ i
er eonae ‘
Hes
So ae
i
/
i
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el |
Sa,
f
i {
sl
ii
ui
I
!
Ficure 132.—Localities for Minagenia congrua.
longitudinal band of suberect stout hairs of rather uniform length
and about 0.5 as long as and much stouter than some scattered long
hairs.
Black. Labrum and apical part of mandible reddish brown;
palpi, front tibia, and tibial spurs brown; front tarsus dark brown;
wings tinged with brown; abdomen rufous, blackish at the base of
the first segment.
The type of michiganensis agrees externally with congrua as de-
cribed here but the squama is less elongate and attenuate apically,
and the subgenital plate broader. It may be an aberrant specimen
of the present species, but any decision as to its disposition is tentative
until better series are available for study.
SPECIMENS: 6! (type of semirufa), Petersham, Mass., July 1940,
C. T. Brues (Cambridge). 9, Alcona County, Mich., July 19 to 24,
1937, H. S. Telford (St. Paul). @ (type of michiganensis), Roscom-
mon County, Mich., July 14, 1948, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
o, East Aurora, N. Y., July 18, 1909, M. C. VanDuzee (Cambridge).
o, Charter Oak, Pa., June 19, 1918, H. B. Kirk (Cambridge). 9,
Gracefield, Quebec, June 24, 1937, O. Peck (Ottawa). 9 (type of
rufigastra), Hull, Quebec (Quebec). , Plainfield, Vt., July 20 to
24, 1941, R. H. McCauley (Townes). 9, in woods, Dunn Loring
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE MINAGENIINI 229
(near Vienna), Va., Aug. 22, 1948, K. V. Krombein (Krombein).
9, Skyline Drive, Va., Aug. 4, 1945, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
2 (type of congrua), West Virginia (Philadelphia).
This species belongs to the Alleghenian fauna and is the most
northern in distribution of the Nearctic species.
2. Minagenia major, new species
Matz: Forewing 7.8 mm. long; second to fifth sternite with a few
suberect longer hairs that are about 2.5 as long as the ordinary cloth-
ing hairs; subgenital plate oblanceolate with a rounded apical point,
the edges somewhat curled upward; squama sublinear, with a pointed
apex and with a fringe of long oblique bristles which is more copious
on the outer side than on the inner.
Black. Clypeus, labrum, mandible except at the base and apex,
palpi except basally, underside of scape, collar of pronotum, front
coxa except above, front trochanter except basally, front tibia, basal
four segments of front tarsus, all tibial spurs, and underside of middle
coxa, stramineous; tegula brown; middle and hind femora and lateral
Ficure 133.—Locality for Minagenia major.
blotches on first two abdominal segments rufous, the femora some-
what infuscate basally; middle tibia fulvous, infuscate behind; wings
subhyaline.
Frmate: Forewing 8.0 mm. long; sensillae beginning at apical 0.2
of second flagellar segment; subgenital plate ventrally with a longi-
tudinal band of suberect, stout, abruptly pointed hairs of uniform
length and about 0.4 as long as and much stouter than some scat-
tered long hairs.
Black. Labrum and apical part of mandible reddish brown;
palpi and front tibia and tarsus dark brown; apices of front and
middle femora tinged with rufous; hind femur rufous, its basal 0.3
230 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
somewhat infuscate; tibial spurs stramineous; wings somewhat in-
fuscate; abdomen rufous, blackish at the base of the first segment.
The association of the above female with the male seems plausible,
but not certain.
Type: o', Washington, D. C., Sept. 9, 1947, D. Shappirio (Wash-
ington, USNM 61709).
PaRATYPE: 9, Sitton’s Gulch, Ga., July 16, 1936, P. W. Fattig
(Townes).
Figure 134.—Localities for Minagenia lata.
3. Minagenia lata, new species
PLATES 3, FIGURE 36; AND 4, FIGURE 44
Mate: Forewing 5.2 to 6.0 mm. long; second to fifth sternites with
a few, inconspicuous, oblique, longer hairs that are about 1.7 as long
as the ordinary clothing hairs; subgenital plate obovate, without an
apical point, rather flat; squama long spatulate with a fringe of long,
dense, oblique bristles on both margins.
Black. Clypeus, labrum, mandible except at the base and apex,
palpi except basally, a tinge on ventral edge of scape, collar and
lower corner of pronotum, front coxa except basally, underside of
middle coxa, and tibial spurs, stramineous; tegula, most of legs,
and basal two abdominal segments rufous, the rest of the abdomen
with some rufous tinges and the legs marked with fuscous as follows:
front coxa basally, middle and hind coxae basally above, bases of
trochanters, middle tibia except below, hind tibia except for a central
rufous tinge, and middle and hind tarsi; wings subhyaline.
Frmaue: Unknown.
Type: o', McClellanville, S. C., May 20, 1944, H. K. Townes
(Townes).
PaRATYPE: co’, Columbia, S. C., July 22, 1951, G. F. Townes
(Townes).
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE MINAGENIINI 231
4. Minagenia clypeata (Banks)
PLATES 1, FIGURE 13; and 3, FIGURE 37
Ageniella clypeata Banks, 1914, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 22, p. 306, o.
Type: o’, Chain Bridge, Va. (Cambridge).
Minagenia shappiriot Dreisbach, 1953, Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 49, p. 839, #
(new synonymy). Type: co, Osceola County, Mich. (Cambridge).
Mats: Forewing 6.0 to 7.2 mm. long; sternites 2 to 5 with some
long oblique or sometimes suberect hairs that are about 2.5 as long
as the ordinary clothing hairs, the longer of these hairs more nearly
erect and bent at the apex; subgenital plate broadly oblanceolate with
a blunt point, but the sides curved upward so that it appears rather
narrowly lanceolate; squama long spatulate, with a fringe of dense,
long, oblique bristles on both margins.
Black. Clypeus partly or entirely, labrum, mandible except at the
base and apex, palpi except basally, ridge on underside of scape,
underside of fore and middle coxae, tibial spurs, and pronotal collar,
Ficure 135.—Localities for Minagenta clypeata.
stramineous; fore legs dark brown basally, grading to pale brown on
the tarsi, the apical tarsal segment darker; tegula and sometimes
lateral tinges on abdomen dusky rufous; wings subhyaline, faintly
infuscate apically.
Fremaue: The presumed female of this species has the forewing
5.7 to 7.5 mm. long; sensillae beginning as a few scattered ones on the
apical 0.5 of the second fiagellar segment, more closely spaced on the
third and following segments; and subgenital plate ventrally with a
longitudinal band of suberect stout hairs of rather irregular length
and diameter but stouter and shorter than some scattered long hairs.
Black. Tibial spurs and front of front tibia brown; wings weakly
infuscate, the forewing with a darker subapical area starting at the
level of the stigma, its apical edge also a little darker than the rest.
232 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This female was collected in several localities with the male clypeata,
but also in some areas with the male osoria._ It seems more likely that
it belongs with clypeata, but there is a possibility that the association
is mistaken or that the females of both species are confused in the
series.
SpeciMENS: 2, Washington, D. C., Sept. 5, 1947, M. Vogel (Vogel).
9 and gynandromorph, Cabin John, Md., July 15 and Sept. 29, 1917,
R. M. Fouts (Washington). 9, Glen Echo, Md., Aug. 12, 1917,
R. M. Fouts (Washington). 9, Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 9, 1945,
H. and M. Townes (Townes). < (type of shappiri0z), Osceola County,
Mich., Aug. 3, 1940, R. R. Dreisbach (Cambridge). 5 9, taken on
oak foliage in small clearing in woods, Hamrick, N. C., Aug. 17, 19,
and 29, 1950, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes). & (type of clypeata),
Chain Bridge (near Washington, D. C.), Va. (Cambridge). o’, 2 9,
Dunn Loring (near Vienna), Va., Aug. 21, 1949, Aug. 22, 1948, and
Sept. 11, 1948, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). 2.7, 19, Falls Church,
Va., June 27, Aug. 9, and Sept. 18, N. Banks (Cambridge). 307,
Great Falls, Va., July 8 and Aug. 13, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species has been taken only in the vicinity of Washington,
D.C., in the mountains of western North Carolina, and in Michigan.
The flight period is from June 27 to Sept. 29.
Figure 136.—Locality for Minagenia externa.
5. Minagenia externa (Banks)
Pseudagenia externa Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18, p. 124, 9.
Type: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Mate: Unknown.
Femate: Structurally similar to M. montisdorsa but differing in
color as follows: under side of flagellum tinged with fulvous; tegula
dusky fulvous; legs fulvous except that the upper side of the coxae is
infuscate,“fore trochanter basally and middle and hind trochanters
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE MINAGENIINI 233
above weakly infuscate, underside of front femur, outer side of all
tibiae, and hind tarsus fuscous, and hind tibia with a board, ill-defined,
fuscous subbasal band; tergites tinged with fulvous apically; first and
second tergites each with a lateral fulvous blotch.
SPECIMEN: @ (type), Fedor, Lee County, Tex. (Cambridge).
Figure 137.—Localities for Minagenta osorta.
6. Minagenia osoria (Banks)
PLATES 3, FIGURE 38; AND 4, FIGURE 45
Nannochilus osoria (as Ageniella osoria, p. 178) Banks, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. 94, pp. 172, 178, #@. Type: o, Falls Church, Va. (Cambridge).
Mats: Forewing 5.5 to 6.2 mm. long; sternites 2 to 5 with numer-
ous long suberect hairs that are about 3.0 as long as the ordinary
clothing hairs, the tips of the long hairs bent; subgenital plate oblance-
olate with a rounded apical point, the edges curled up so that it looks
quite narrow; squama apically very slender, with sparse, oblique,
rather short bristles near its apex and along its outer edge.
Color variable but usually as described here. Black. Apical part
of mandible reddish brown; labrum, tibial spurs, and front tarsus
stramineous, the apical tarsal segment dark brown; palpi brown,
darker basally; knees and apex of front tibia brownish; wings subhya-
line. Variant colorations include a pale stramineous brown clypeus,
palpi, most of scape, and hind margin of side part of pronotum;
light rufous legs, tegula, and basal 0.6 of abdomen; and brown hind
tibia and middle and hind tarsi. Intermediates between the dark
and light types of coloration are at hand.
Frmate: Unknown, though possibly confused with females of
clypeata or julia.
SPECIMENS: co’, Washington, D. C., May 16, 1949 (Shappirio).
&, Takoma Park, Md., July 12, 1947, D. Shappirio (Shappirio).
934 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
&, Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 5, 1942, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
o, emerged May 12, 1939, from dense, oval cocoon found under bark
on Apr. 22, 1939, Hunt County, Tex., R. W. Strandtmann (Strandt-
mann). o', reared from larva on the body of a young lycosid spider,
found May 14, 1945, at Gainesville, Ga., spun a cocoon May 16, 1945,
pupated May 18, 1945, and emerged as an adult June 9, 1945, B. J.
Kaston (Kaston). Another larva, possibly of this species, was found
on the body of a young lycosid spider by B. J. Kaston at Gainesville,
Ga., Sept. 19, 1940; the larva moulted Dec. 19, 1940, and Dee. 31,
1940; spun a cocoon Jan. 2, 1941; but failed to emerge as an adult
(Kaston). o (type), Falls Church, Va., July 12, N. Banks (Cam-
bridge).
This species appears to belong to the Carolinian and Austro-
riparian faunas.
Ficure 138.—Localities for Minagenia julia.
7. Minagenia julia (Brimley)
PLATE 4, FIGURES 41, 42, 43, 47
Ageniella julia Brimley, 1934, Ent. News, vol. 45, p. 42, @. Type: 0, Raleigh,
N. C. (Raleigh).
Matz: Forewing 4.2 to 6.0 mm. long; sternites 2 to 5 with very
short clothing hairs, and a few oblique hairs a little longer than the
rest; subgenital plate rather narrowly oblanceolate, its apical point
rounded and its sides upcurved; squama linear, elongate or short,
with a fringe of very long suberect bristles on the outer side.
Color variable, usually as described here. Black. Under edge of
scape, labrum, and apical part of mandible light brown; palpi and
tegula brown; legs rufous, the fore coxa basally behind, a longitudinal
stripe on middle and hind coxae, front tarsus apically, middle and
hind tarsi, middle tibia apically, and most of hind tibia, infuscate;
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE MINAGENIINI Day
tibial spurs infuscate; wings subhyaline; abdomen rufous basally,
blackish apically. Although most specimens are of the foregoing
coloration, occasional ones have the legs and abdomen almost entirely
blackish with the front tarsus and tibial spurs pale brown, the front
tibia largely brown, and tinges of rufous on the sides of the abdomen.
Specimens of intermediate coloration are common.
Ferma Le: Forewing 4.8 to 6.3 mm. long; sensillae beginning as a few
scattered ones on apical 0.3 of second flagellar segment; subgenital
plate with a median longitudinal broad area of long, fine, suberect
hairs that are weaker than in the other Nearctic species.
Black. Scape and apical part of mandible tinged with reddish
brown; palpi brown; tegula reddish brown; legs rufous, the coxae at
the extreme base and the hind tarsus fuscous; apices of middle and
hind tibiae and of front and middle tarsi infuscate; wings suffused
with light brown, the forewing with a faintly darker cloud centering
just beyond the stigma; abdomen rufous, blackish at the base of
the first segment.
Seven females at hand have the coxae and trochanters mostly or
entirely blackish and often some basal infuscations on the femora.
They may be variants of julia or represent a distinct species.
SPECIMENS: o’, Washington, D. C., July 7, 1947, R. Boettcher
(Vogel). of, 49, Washington, D. C., Sept. 4, 1947, M. Vogel (Vogel
and Townes). 9, Washington, D. C., Sept. 9, 1947, D. Shap-
pirio (Shappirio). o, Washington, D. C., Sept. 11, 1947, M. Vogel
(Shappirio). o, Lake Placid, Fla., Apr. 1, 1954, K. V. Krombein
(Krombein). 29, Tarpon Springs, Fla., Mar. 20 and 21, 1950, H.
Townes (Townes). o, Louisiana (Washington). o, Opelousas,
La., G. R. Pilate (Washington). 2, Plummers Island, Md., July 3,
1921 (Cambridge). 9, Garland, N. C., Sept. 30, 1951, H. and M.
Townes (Townes). o (type), Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh). 9, Wake
County, N. C., June 2, 1949, H. Townes (Townes). 367, McClellan-
ville, S. C., May 10 and 17, 1944, H. Townes (Townes). o, Brazos
County, Tex., Apr. 30, 1939, J. E. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.).
o', 9, Roanoke in Denton County, Tex., May 31, 1951, H. E. Evans
(Evans). o, Dunn Loring (near Vienna), Va., July 13, 1947, K. V.
Krombein (Krombein). 2, Falls Church, Va., July 4, N. Banks
(Cambridge). co, Great Falls, Va., July 15, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
Adults occur from midspring to early fall.
8. Minagenia perfecta (Provancher), new combination
Agenia perfecta Provancher, 1882, Naturaliste Canadien, vol. 18, p. 44, ¢.
Type: co’, Cap Rouge, Quebec (Quebec).
The type has recently been examined by K. V. Krombein who
reports that it represents a species of Minagenia which will key to
236 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 139.—Locality for Minagenta perfecta.
M. lata in the key published herein. His further notes on the type
state that the sixth sternite has a median, polished, slightly raised
oval area and the hooks invisible; subgenital plate flat, truncate at
the apex, the surface with moderately dense, decumbent setae; hind
margin of pronotum V-shaped; hind coxae reddish beneath, the
trochanters and femora entirely reddish.
I am unable to recognize this species among those at hand.
Figure 140.—Localities for Minagenia montisdorsa.
9. Minagenia montisdorsa Dreishach
PLATES 3, FIGURES 39, 40; AND 4, FIGURE 48
Minagenia montisdorsa Dreisbach, 1953, Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 49, p. 840, o.
Type: o, Ross County, Ohio (Columbus).
Mate: Forewing 5.2 to 6.7 mm. long; punctures on frons and thorax
a little coarser than in the other Nearctic species of the genus; sternites
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 237
2 to 5 with very short clothing hairs, and a few oblique hairs a little
longer than the rest; subgenital plate broadly lanceolate and with a
pointed apex, but sharply folded along the midline so as to appear
narrow from below and lanceolate from the side; squama usually
linear spatulate but sometimes short spatulate, with its apical part
a little broadened, covered with long oblique hairs, and its end rounded.
Black. Front tibia and tarsus more or less brownish; tibial spurs
stramineous, infuscate basally; wings subhyaline, the forewing with
a weak infuscation along its apical margin.
Fremaue: Forewing 6.7 mm. long; punctures on frons and thorax
a little coarser than in other Nearctic species of the genus; sensillae
beginning near the middle of the second flagellar segment; subgenital
plate with the long suberect hairs rather scattered, but somewhat
concentrated medially. These longer hairs arise from more definite
punctures than in other Nearctic species of the genus. The median
hairs are mostly rather stout but tapered to a slender tip.
Black. Apical part of mandible reddish brown; tibial spurs brown;
wings somewhat infuscate, paler basally.
Specimens: co’, Atlanta, Ga., July 27, 1942, P. W. Fattig (Cam-
bridge). o, Tallulah, La., Aug. 1940, J. E. Gillaspy (Townes).
o (type), Ross County, Ohio, July 9, 1942, D. J. Borror (Columbus).
o’, 10 miles west of Fort Davis, Tex., July 23, 1947, E. D. Valentine
(Evans). <o’, 9, Laredo, Tex., Sept. 24, 1947, J. E. Gillaspy
(Evans and Townes). co, San Domingo, Baja California, México,
July 19, 1948, Michelbacher and Ross (San Francisco). 40, 19,
15 km. east of Sombrerete, Zacatecas, México, July 28 to 31, 1951,
H. E. Evans (Evans, Berkley, and Townes).
This species may prove to be transcontinental in the Lower Austral
Zone.
Tribe Ceropalini
Labrum large, conspicuously exposed; eyes divergent dorsally,
their inner margins concave above; flagellum rather inflexible and
thickened; thorax rather short, the propodeum short and rather flat
in profile; stigma about 4.0 as long as wide; nervellus ending dis-
tinctly basad of the juncture of cubitella with discoidella (pl. 1, fig. 14) ;
middle and hind femora often with a few spinelike bristles set in pits;
spinelike bristles on outer apical margin of hind tibia moderately
weak, somewhat irregular in length, forming an irregular or inter-
rupted row; last segment of tarsi often with preapical spinelike
bristles that are arranged in two irregular, ventral, sublateral rows;
female subgenital plate strongly compressed, in side view somewhat
produced apically, with a brief median ventral longitudinal ridge at
the apex; sting straight, strong.
Three genera are known: the Oriental Xanthampulex, the Neo-
347756—57——16
238 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
tropic Irenangelus, and the worldwide Ceropales. A number of
features distinguish Ceropales from the other Holarctic Psammo-
charidae, and for this reason there has been a tendency to differentiate
this genus sharply from the rest of the family, sometimes even to con-
sider it as a separate family. However, it seems certain that Xan-
thampulex and Irenangelus are very close to Ceropales, and if the
characters of this natural group of genera is considered, rather than of
Ceropales alone, there seems less justification for the traditional
separation. The widespread opinion that the male genitalia of
Ceropales are distinctive enough to justify family rank shows lack of
familiarity with the range of variation of these structures within
Ceropales and of the conditions in Xanthampulex and Irenangelus.
The members of the Ceropalini are social parasites on other psam-
mocharids. The female parasite oviposits into a book lung of the
spider prey of the host, while it is left unguarded for a moment some
time after capture. After the spider is placed in a nest by the host,
the ceropaline egg hatches, and the resulting larva consumes the host
egg and then the spider. The female parasites have sometimes been
seen trailing females of prospective hosts, to be on hand when a spider
is captured.
Genus Ceropales Latreille
Ceropales Latreille, 1796, Précis des caractéres génériques des insectes disposés
dans un ordre naturel, p. 123. Type: Evania maculata Fabricius; designated
by Curtis, 1839.
Ceratopales Schulz, 1906, Spolia hymenopterologica, p. 174 (emendation).
Agenioxenus Ashmead, 1902, Canadian Ent., vol. 34, p. 187. Type: (Ceropales
rufiventris Walsh) = robinsonii Cresson; original designation.
Hypsiceraeus Morice and Durant, 1915, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 403, 405.
Type: Evania maculata Fabricius; original designation.
This is the only genus of the Ceropalini occurring in the Nearctic
region. It may be distinguished from nearly all other psammo-
charid genera by the fact that the hind tarsal claws are bent at the
middle in a sharp right angle.
The Western Hemisphere species of Ceropales divide easily into
four species groups as indicated in the keys and descriptions below.
Very few Eastern Hemisphere species have been available for study
but it seems that most of them belong in groups different from those
defined for our fauna.
Key to the Nearctic species of Ceropales
1. Both claws of middle tarsus and hind claw of fore tarsus with a short erect
acute subapical tooth, or, in males of the fulvipes group, these claws
specialized and unlike one another and the second segment of the middle
tarsus not distinctly longer than wide . ... . sw .0c s+ » » « «> 2
Both claws of middle tarsus and hind claw of fore tarsus with a long, ap-
pressed, obliquely truncate tooth; second segment of middle tarsus dis-
tinctly longer ‘than-wide <i 3) fiir, cok eee ls ORT Ree ca eh ee eee cali 9
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 239
. Frons opaque, with dense small punctures and without noticeable larger
punctures; male with second to fourth segments of fore and middle tarsi
not unusually short (second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 as long
as wide); claws of middle tarsus of male symmetric, not specialized; hind
femur dark or fulvous, usually with the apex yellow. MACULATA GROUP
(SUBSPECIES OF MACULATA). . . onde stogshanss a Jigs
Frons subshining, with minute caress soni nee an need larger
punctures; male with second to fourth segments of fore and middle tarsi
very short and broad (second segment of middle tarsus about 1.0 as long
as wide); claws of middle tarsus of male asymmetric, specialized; hind
SSMS OUS ss MI EPES GROUP “sic. <.. s)). Sy togh'el pneuleenporis ap pont ll
. Third tergite entirely blackish .. . SOR ate ch Seelam oe
Third tergite with an apical yellow or yaa pane Dior Ukecte culticege 2a LO
. Femora fulvous, often infuscate at the base and apex; range: Europe.
la. maculata maculata (Fabricius)
Femora blackish, in the male with the apex yellow; range: Sierra Nevada of
California. ; .... . . . . .lb. maculata caenosa, new subspecies
. Apical yellow mark on Sead femur occupying more than the apical third, at
least as disconnected spots; face of female entirely yellow; yellow apical
bands of tergites broad; range: much of the Pacific States.
le. maculata stretchii Fox
Apical yellow mark on hind femur occupying less than the apical third, or
absent; face of female with a median black area; yellow apical bands of
tergites relatively marrow... . wnt A aee. 0
. Front face of hind femur clear Pitan faniente Spanally a usually with
a yellow apical spot; range: Minnesota and Manitoba to Alberta, sporadi-
cally east to Massachusetts . . le. maculata rhodomerus, new subspecies
Front face of hind femur mostly brownish or blackish; range: most of the
Nearetic, Region. . .. .... . Id. maculata fraterna Smith
. Larger punctures on frons peel and weak, separated from one another by
an average of about 4.0 their diameter; larger punctures on mesoscutum
separated from one another by an average of about 1.5 their diameter;
male hind coxa with a basal ventral strongly projecting flange that sub-
tends a strongly excavated portion of the coxa; male subgenital plate pro-
duced and in profile swollen apically. . . . . . . 14. fulvipes Cresson
Larger punctures on frons of moderate size, separated from one another by
an average of about 2.0 their diameter; larger punctures on mesoscutum
separated from one another by an average of about 0.7 their diameter;
male hind coxa unspecialized or with an internal overhanging ridge on its
basal half; male subgenital plate triangular in profile, not so swollen
freniety cae Sj sden eae
. Front and middle femcted meee an Sea Ganiauen: are hind coxa not
specialized; male subgenital plate in profile not swollen apically; labrum
of female entirely or mostly yellow. . . . . . . 12. brevicornis Patton
Front and middle femora blackish or dark brown, with yellow markings;
male hind coxa with an internal overhanging ridge on its basal half; male
subgenital plate triangular, in profile somewhat swollen apically; labrum
of female black. ... . . .. . . 13. neomexicana Rohwer
. Mesoscutum and top of eae ae short inconspicuous hairs; second
flagellar segment 1.8 to 2.2 as long as wide; female subgenital plate in
profile with a projecting apical part, apex of which is evenly rounded;
forewing 5.5 to 16 mm. long. ROBINSONII GROUP. ........- 10
Mesoscutum and top of pronotum with long, conspicuous, reclined hairs;
second flagellar segment 1.2 to 1.6 as long as wide; female subgenital plate
240 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
10.
ii
12.
13.
14,
15.
16.
Le
18.
19:
20.
21.
in profile rather triangular, with a pointed apex; forewing 2.5 to 5.7 mm.
long. FEMORALIS GROUP... . BALSOIRT 220
Mesopleuron impunctate; abdomen mateus, poreeaaies ae ellow markings;
head and thorax mostly black; wings dark brown, or in some males sub-
hyaline.’ SUBSPECIES!OF ROBINSONID® 2 Ge" 8 4) lS nU) Wee Set
Mesopleuron with numerous coarse punctures . . . ABE Bos 1D
Flagellum blackish, often tinged with rufous; aaeistnen pate little or no
yellow marking; range: New Hampshire and Illinois to Florida.
4a. robinsonii robinsonii Cresson
Flagellum rufous, blackish apically; abdomen with yellow marking; range:
Kansas and Texas. ..... . . . 4b. robinsonii stigmatica Banks
Flagellum rufous, blackish at the apex; wings pale to dark brown; abdomen
usually mostly rufous. SUBSPECIES OF ELEGANS... . Sa tott ott etek Me
Flagellum blackish; wings black or subhyaline; abdomen panoneie colored .15
Wings dark brown; range: Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
5c. elegans quaintancei Viereck
Wings pale brown to medium brown . . . 14
Second to fifth tergites black with a broad poieal Fellow bande meee Minne
sota and Alberta. . . .. . . . 5a. elegans aquilonia new subspecies
Second to fifth tergites rufous, with or without apical yellow bands; range:
Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas. . . . 5b. elegans elegans Cresson
Wings black; size large, the forewing 9 to 16 mm.long ........ 16
Wings hyaline or subhyaline; size smaller, the forewing 5 to 8 mm. long. 18
Hind femur black; first tergite of male black with a pair of white spots.
6. nigripes Cresson
Hind femur rufous, usually black at each end; first Ca of male entirely
black, or sometimes with rufous stains .. . B22 TAG: Le
Front and middle femora and all tibiae reas range: feoutharsters North
Carolina to Florida. . ..... .. . 7a. bipunetata tibialis Banks
Front and middle femora and all tibiae black; range: most of the eastern half
of the United States. . . ... . . . 7b. bipunctata bipunctata Say
Mesopleuron with a yellow spot next to its coxa; mesoscutum with a small
median yellow spot; median es colina ere of propodeum with small
granular wrinkling... . . .. . . 38. longipes Smith
Mesopleuron without a spot ni to re coxa; mesoscutum usually without a
median yellow spot; median posterior aaa of propodeum with fine close
punctures. /SUBSPECIES OF CUBENSIS... . . 7). © 54°. 7S 2 7 EE AAD
Smaller punctures on frons and mesoscutum rather weak; abdomen of female
mostly red, with pale yellow markings; range: Panama to southern Texas
2a. cubensis albopicta Cresson
Smaller punctures on frons and mesoscutum sharp; abdomen of female black
with pale yellow markings; range: West Indies.
2b. cubensis cubensis Cresson
Frons with very small punctures and scattered, rather conspicuous, larger
punctures whose diameters are about 2.0 to 3.0 as great as those of the
smaller punctures; scutellum usually entirely black. . .. . el
Frons with dense, moderately small punctures and scattered, essence
larger punctures whose diameters are about 1.2 to 1.5 as great as those of
the smaller punctures; scutellum usually with a white spot. . . . . . 22
Punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 2.5 their diameter, longer hairs
on top of head dark brown, shorter than in C. rugata; second flagellar
segment about 1.6 as long as wide; male subgenital plate broadly lanceolate,
without longitudinal wrinkles beneath; female subgenital plate longer.
8. pacifica, new species
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 241
Punctures on mesopleuron separated by about 1.2 their diameter; longer
hairs on top of head light brown, longer than in C. pacifica; second flagellar
segment about 1.3 as long as wide; male subgenital plate with a rounded tip
and when dry with a pair of subparallel longitudinal wrinkles beneath that
may continue separately to the apex or unite into a single longitudinal
wrinkle which continues to the apex; female subgenital plate shorter.
9. rugata, new species
22. Hind femur rufous; female subgenital plate a little longer; smaller punctures
of thorax sharp. .. . . .. . . 10. femoralis Cresson
Hind femur blackish; femifle pie corte oe a little shorter; smaller punctures
of thorax rather weak. . ........... .. I1. hatoda Brimley
MACULATA GROUP
Forewing 4 to 9.5 mm. long; body rather slender; antenna a little
longer and more slender than in the other species groups; longer hairs
of frons suberect, rather short and sparse; longer hairs on mesoscutum
short, inconspicuous; second to fourth segments of fore and middle
tarsi of male not unusually short, the second segment of middle tarsus
about 2.0 as long as wide; last segment of fore tarsus of male with a
median thumblike lobe on the front side; claws on fore and middle
tarsi of male with an acute upright tooth, the tooth small and subapical
on the claws of the middle tarsus, and on the hind claw of the front
tarsus, larger, subbasal, and somewhat appressed on the front claw of
the front tarsus; claws on fore and middle tarsi of female with a short,
acute, upright, subapical tooth; male subgenital plate semicircular,
the margin thin and curled down; female subgenital plate in profile
with a projecting apical part whose apex is evenly rounded; male
cerci in the form of subcircular flaps that usually protrude beyond the
seventh tergite.
The only species of this group known to me is the Holarctic polytypic
C. maculata.
1. Ceropales maculata Fabricius
Forewing 4 to 9.5 mm. long; head and thorax opaque, with small
sharp adjacent punctures; mesoscutum with the larger punctures
sharp, separated by about their diameter; mesopleuron with the larger
punctures somewhat weaker, separated by about twice their diameter.
Wings subhyaline.
This is a Holarctic species with a number of subspecies. The typical
subspecies, which is Huropean and included for comparison, and the
three Nearctic subspecies are described below.
la. Ceropales maculata maculata (Fabricius)
Evania maculata Fabricius, 1775. Systema entomologiae, p. 345, [9]. Type:
9, England (“Mus. Bankianum’’).
Black. Clypeus, labrum, and face laterally (males and females)
or entirely (some males), tubercle between antennal sockets in the
male, lower lateral part of frons, spot on scape and on pedicel, narrow
242 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
line on hind orbit above, spot on front callus of pronotum, hind margin
of pronotum, postscutellum, callus on hind corner of thorax, outer
apical corner of middle and hind coxae, large lateral spot on first
tergite, wide hind margin of second tergite, sometimes broken spots
on apex of fourth tergite, and large median apical areas on fifth and
sixth tergites yellowish white; legs beyond trochanters rufous, the
hind tibia apically, often much of the hind tarsus, and often all femora
basally and apically infuscate.
This subspecies is common over a large part of Europe.
Ficure 141.—Localities for Ceropales maculata caenosa.
lb. Ceropales maculata caenosa, new subspecies
Mate: Black. Face, clypeus, labrum, tubercle between antennal
sockets, lower lateral part of frons, spot on scape, spot on front callus
of pronotum, hind margin of pronotum, postscutellum, small apical
lateral spot on propodeum, adjacent small spot at hind corner of
metapleuron, underside of fore coxa, outer apex and outer part of
under side of middle coxa, apical outer stripe and outer apex of hind
coxa, elongate apical spot on back of front femur and on front of middle
and hind femora, upper half of front and middle tibiae, spot at base
of hind tibia, front and middle basitarsi, large lateral spot on first
tergite, apical band on second tergite, narrow rudimentary apical
band on fourth tergite, median apical part of fifth and sixth tergites,
and apicolateral spot on seventh tergite, clear yellow; femora with
limited rufous areas apically; front and middle tibiae and tarsi rufous
where not yellow; hind tibia and tarsus dusky rufous, the tibia above
and the tarsus apically infuscate.
FrmMate: Black. Side of face, side of frons except above, side of
clypeus, narrow margin of labrum, small spot on front callus of pro-
notum, narrow hind margin of pronotum, often the postscutellum,
apical corner of metapleuron, sometimes an adjacent small spot on
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 243
propodeum, stripe on outer edge of hind coxa, usually a small lateral
spot on first tergite, a large dorsal spot on sixth tergite, and often
broken apical marks on the second, fourth, and fifth tergites, pale
yellow; tibiae and tarsi more or less tinged with dusky rufous.
Type: 9, taken on flowers in an alpine meadow at 8,500 ft., near
Glacier Point, Yosemite Park, Calif., July 20, 1948, Townes family
(Townes).
PaRATYPES: o’, taken in an alpine meadow at 6,200 ft., Crane Flat,
Yosemite Park, Calif., July 25, 1948, Townes family (Townes). 29,
Devils Post Pile, Calif., Aug. 28, 1937, E. G. Anderson (St. Paul and
Townes). 29, Huntington Lake at 7,000 ft., Fresno County, Calif.,
July 16, 1919, E. P. Van Duzee (San Francisco). 9, Lone Pine,
Calif., July 28, 1940, L. J. Lipovsky (Lawrence).
This subspecies seems to occur only in mountain meadows of the
Canadian Zone of the Sierra Nevada.
Ficure 142.—Localities for Ceropales maculata rhodomerus.
le. Ceropales maculata rhodomerus, new subspecies
Colored like the subspecies fraterna, except that the legs beyond
the trochanters are mostly rufous, the femora being rather clear
rufous with the base fuscous and the apex usually with a yellow spot.
The hind femur on the front side is mostly clear rufous, while in
the subspecies fraterna it is mostly brown to blackish. Intergrades
between the two forms are common, but are assigned to one subspecies
or the other according to the clearness and extent of the rufous color
on the front side of the hind femur. A distinct fuscous or brownish
tinge or extensive infuscation places the specimen in the subspecies
fraterna.
Tyre: 2, on Solidago, Bottineau, N. Dak., Aug. 25, 1919, C. N.
Ainslie (Washington, USNM 61710).
244 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
PaRATYPES (136, 209): From Alberta (Brooks, Calgary, Coal-
dale, Gleichen, Medicine Hat, and Waterton Lakes); Manitoba
(Winnipeg); Massachusetts (Forest Hills); Michigan (Norvell);
Minnesota (Rush City, Fridley Sand Dunes in Anoka County, Hal-
lock, Hendricks, St. Paul, and Traverse County); Montana (St.
Marys); New York (Niagara Falls); North Dakota (Beach, Bismark,
Bottineau, and Fargo); Saskatchewan (Boucher); and South Dakota
(Brookings and Wasta).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from May 29 to Sept. 3.
This subspecies or regional variety is the dominant form of Ceropales
maculata from southern Alberta to the Dakotas, and is found as
occasional individuals in an otherwise typical population of Ceropales
macula fraterna in the Great Lakes region and as far east as Boston,
Mass.
Id. Ceropales maculata fraterna Smith
PLATE 1, FIGURE 14
Ceropales fraterna Smith, 1855. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the
. . . British Museum, vol. 3, p. 180, 9. Type: 9, North America (Oxford).
Ceropales minima Provancher, 1889, Additions et corrections au volume II de la
faune entomologique du Canada traitent des Hyménoptéres, p. 265, o.
Type: o, Hull, Quebec (Quebec).
Ceropales fraternus occidentalis Cockerell, 1898, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7,
vol. 2, p. 455, o’. Type: oc’, Ruidoso, White Mts., at about 6500 ft., N.
Mex. (Washington).
Biology: Peckham, 1898, Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 2, pp. 154-155,
239.
Black. Face, clypeus, labrum, tubercle between antennal sockets,
lower lateral part of frons, short and very narrow postorbital line,
spot on scape, small spot on pedicel, spot on front callus of pronotum,
hind margin of pronotum, postscutellum, sometimes a spot on the
scutellum, large spot above base of hind coxa, sometimes a small
spot above base of middle coxa, underside of front coxa, outer apex of
middle coxa, apical outer stripe and outer apex of hind coxa, apical
spot or area on back of front femur and front of middle and hind
femora, upper part of front tibia, spot on base and apex of middle
tibia, spot at base of hind tibia, front and middle basitarsi, large
lateral spot (in o&) or wide subapical band (in 9) on first tergite,
apical band on second to third tergites, large medioapical areas on
fifth and sixth tergites, and (in <) an apicolateral spot on seventh
tergite, yellow or creamy white (most frequently creamy white in
specimens from the Northeast). In the female a median stripe on
the face, clypeus, and often on the labrum is black. Ground color
of legs grading from black basally to fulvous apically, the hind femur
blackish to light brown with the apex usually paler than the base
(also with a yellowish spot on the apex).
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 245
This subspecies is the most widespread one in North America. It
differs from the subspecies caenosa in having a yellow apical band
on the third tergite, from rhodomerus in having the hind femur blackish
or brown rather than rufous, and from stretchi2 in the less extensive
yellow markings, having less than the apical third of the hind femur
marked with yellow, usually a median black stripe on the face and
clypeus of the female, and narrower yellow bands on the abdomen.
Intergrades and mixed populations with the other subspecies are
common.
Specimens (316.7, 2429): From Alberta (Gleichen, Lethbridge,
Manyberries, and Taber); Arizona (near Alpine, Flagstaff, Graham
Mts., Mount Lemmon in the Santa Catalina Mts., and Oak Creek
Canyon); British Columbia (Agassiz, Buccaneer Bay, Fernie, Kaslo,
Keremens, Lower Post, Royal Oak, Shawnigan, and Vernon); Cali-
fornia (Alameda, Antioch, Bear Valley in the Santa Cruz Mts.,
Figure 143.—Localities for Ceropales maculata fraterna.
Berkeley, Big Pine Creek in Inyo County, near Canby, Echo Lake at
7,400 ft., Huntington Lake in Fresno County at 7,000 ft., Kings Mt.
in San Mateo County, Ingleside, Lake City, Modoc County, Pacific
Grove, San Francisco, Sonoma County, Tahoe, Topaz, and Ulkiah) ;
Colorado (Bayfield, Boulder, Cameron Pass, and Long’s Peak Inn);
Connecticut (Colebrook, East Hartford, Green Falls, Hillstown,
Lebanon, Ledyard, and Salisbury); District of Columbia (Washing-
ton); Idaho (Moscow); Illinois (Chicago); Indiana; Iowa (Sioux
City); Kansas (Baldwin and Douglas County); Maine (Bangor, Bar
Harbor, Brooksville, Casco, Hancock, Lincoln County, Mount
Desert, Orono, Saco, Southport, Stacyville, and Stratton); Manitoba
(Aweme, Medicine Hat, and Winnipeg); Maryland (Deep Creek Lake
and Glen Echo); Massachusetts (Forest Hills, Holden, Holliston
Melrose Highlands, Wellesley, Winchendon, and Woods Hole);
Michigan (Ann Arbor, Carp Lake in Emmet County, Detroit, High
246 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Island in Charlevoix County, Isle Royal, La Salle, Port Austin, and
Sand Point in Huron County); Minnesota (Beaver Dam in Cook
County, Beltrami, Breckenridge, Cass County, Chisago County,
Crookston, Fort Snelling, Fridley Sand Dunes in Anoka County,
Halsted, Hastings, Itasca Park, Kittson County, Laporte, Minnea-
polis, Norman County, Pine County, Red Lake County, St. Anthony
Park in Ramsey County, St. Paul, St. Peter, Sebeka, Washington
County, and Zumbra Heights in Carver County); Montana (Weeks-
ville); New Brunswick (Shediac, St. John, and St. Stephen); New
Hampshire (Alstead, Dolly Copp Camp, Durham, Pelham, Pittsfield,
Randolph, and Stinson Lake); New Jersey (Clementon, Moorestown,
and Morris County); New York (Callicoon, Chaffee, Enfield Glen in
Tompkins County, Farmingville, Fishers, Honeoye Falls, Ithaca,
Jamestown, McLean, Malloryville, Millwood, New Russia, Niagara
Falls, Otto, Roslyn, Thousand Island, and Wilmington); North
Carolina (Black Mt., Crabtree Meadows in Yancey County at 3,600
ft., Hamrick, Marion, Mount Mitchell, Pineola, and Raleigh); North
Dakota (Bismarck, Cass County, and Verona); Nova Scotia (Kings
County and Petite Riviére) ; Ohio (Barberton, Butler County, Colum-
bus, Hocking County, and Logan County); Ontario (Gull Lake in the
Muskoka District, Jordan, Mer Bleue, Orillia, Ottawa, Spencerville,
Sudbury, and Toronto); Oregon (Baker, 8 miles south of Chemult,
Crater Lake, 10 miles south of The Dalles, Devils Lake in Deschutes
County, Enterprise, Grant County, Forest Grove, Grants Pass,
Hillsboro, Milton, Mount Jefferson, Newport, Shaniko, and Union);
Pennsylvania (Clarks Valley, Dupont, Enola, Harrisburg, Lingles-
town, Moosic, and Philadelphia); Prince Edward Island (Dalvay
House in the Canadian National Park); Quebec (Aylmer, Hemming-
ford, Hull, Joliette, Kazubazua, and Montreal); Rhode Island (Kings-
ton); Saskatchewan (Waskesiu Lake); South Carolina (near Tiger-
ville); South Dakota (Custer and Hill City); Tennessee (Roan Mt.);
Texas (Dallas and between theSapello and Pecos Rivers) ; Utah (Kaibab
Forest, Logan, and Logan Canyon); Vermont (Fairlee, Jacksonville,
Lyndon, and Woodstock); Virginia (Dunn Loring, Falls Church,
Glencarlyn, and Great Falls); Washington (Blue Mts., Easton,
Nelson’s in the Yakima Valley, Olympia, and Paradise Valley on
Mount Rainier); West Virginia (French Creek); Wyoming (Grand
Teton National Park and Yellowstone National Park); and México
(“Meadow Valley” in the Sierra Madre).
The great majority of collection dates are in July, August, and the
first half of September, though others indicate that the species may
be less frequently collected from late spring to late in September and
rarely earlier or later. Some unusually early and late dates of interest
are: Apr. 12 at Kings Mt., San Mateo County, Calif.; April at
Baldwin, Kans.; May 1 at Raleigh, N. C.; May 15 at Verona, N. Dak.;
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 247
May 20 at Falls Church, Va.; May 28 at Tabor, Alberta; June 1 at
Forest Grove, Oreg.; Sept. 30 at Ulkiah, Calif.; Oct. 3 at Ann Arbor,
Mich.; Oct. 10 at Linglestown, Pa.; Oct. 13 at Jordan, Ont.; and
Oct. 24 at Antioch, Calif. Flower records include Ranunculus cali-
fornicus, Medicago sativa, Polygonum sp., Eriogonum sp., Aralia
spinosa, Lomatium sp., Pastinaca sativa, Daucus carota (5 collections),
Aster sp., and Solidago spp. (8 collections). One collection is from
honeydew of Cirsium lanceolatum. In my own collecting experience
the species is rather common on flowers, and may be found on shrubby
undergrowth around the edges of or in clearings in woods.
This subspecies is transcontinental, primarily in the Canadian and
Transition Zones. In the far West it is largely replaced by the
subspecies stretchit and caenosa, and in the Alberta to Dakotas area
by the subspecies rhodomerus. Adults are on the wing mostly from
July 1 to Sept. 15.
le. Ceropales maculata stretchii Fox
Ceropales stretchii Fox, 1892, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 52,9. Lectotype:
92, California (Philadelphia).
Black. Yellow and rufous markings similar to those of the sub-
species fraterna, but the yellow marks more extensive (and never
whitish as is frequently the case in fraterna). The face, clypeus, and
labrum of the female never have a median black stripe, the yellow
on the front side of the hind femur occupies from the apical third
to most of its length, and the yellow bands on the abdomen are
very wide. The yellow on the hind femur may be broken basally
into small blotches, yet if these reach basad one third the length
of the femur the specimen should be referred to the present sub-
species. The first tergite is yellow for about 0.4 its length in the male
and 0.6 its length in the female, the two lateral yellow spots of the
male being approximate on the midline or fused into a continuous
transverse band.
Intergrades with the subspecies fraterna are the rule where the ranges
of the two overlap. Females of stretchii are more strongly differenti-
ated from those of fraterna than are males, and in many localities
where most of the females may be referred to stretchii, most of the
males are indistinguishable from fraterna.
SPECIMENS (39 o, 809): From British Columbia (Keremeos, Lil-
looet, Royal Oak, and Vernon); California (Alameda, Angora
Peak, Antioch, Bear Valley in the Santa Cruz Mts., Berkeley, Bess
Lake, near Boulder Creek in Boulder County, Carmel, mountains
near Claremont, Cuyamaca in San Diego County, Gold Lake in
Sierra County, Ingleside, Kern Lake to Rock Creek in Tulare County,
Lake City, Mill Valley in Marin County, Modoc County, Monterey,
Oak Glen Lodge in San Bernadino County, Orick, Pacific Grove,
Paraiso Springs, Plumas County, Quincy, Redwood City, Richardson
IAS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Springs, San Francisco County, Santa Cruz, Sobre Vista in Sonoma
County, Strawberry, Tamales Bay, Wells, and Wildcat Canyon in
Contra Costa County); Idaho (Moscow); Nevada (Wells); Oregon
(Crater Lake, Crescent, Diamond Lake in Douglas County, Enter-
prise at 3,750 ft., and Eugene); Utah (Provo); and Washington
(Nelsons, Pullman, Steverson, and Yakima).
Collection dates are from Mar. 15 at Mill Valley, Marin County,
Calif., to Oct. 23 at San Francisco, Calif. Most are in June, July,
August, and September. Flower records comprise Eriogonum and
Achillea lanulosa.
Ficure 144.—Localities for Ceropales maculata stretchit.
This subspecies occurs most typically throughout California east
of the crest of the Sierra Nevada, though in northern California and
in the Coast Range specimens of the subspecies fraterna and inter-
grades are common. It extends northward with more pronounced
dilution with fraterna into British Columbia and westward to Idaho
and northern Nevada and Utah. Adults are commonest during the
summer and early fall.
ROBINSONIIT GROUP
Forewing 5.5 to 16 mm. long; body of medium build; antenna of
moderate length; hind legs long; longer hairs of frons suberect, rather
short and sparse; longer hairs on mesoscutum short, inconspicuous;
second to fourth segments of fore and middle tarsi of male not unusu-
ally short, the second segment of the middle tarsus distinctly longer
than wide; hind tarsus unusually long; last segment of fore tarsus of
male with a strong median thumblike lobe on the front side; claws on
fore and middle tarsi of male with a large, appressed, obliquely trun-
cate tooth, the tooth postmedian on the claws of the middle tarsus and
on the hind claw of the front tarsus, shorter, more pointed, and sub-
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 249
basal on the front claw of the front tarsus; claws on fore and middle
tarsi of female with a large, appressed, obliquely truncate, postmedian
tooth; male subgenital plate broad, semicircular or subtriangular, its
apex rounded or emarginate, its edges turned down, often thickened;
female subgenital plate in profile with a projecting apical part whose
apex is evenly rounded; male cerci in the form of semicircular or short
triangular flaps that usually protrude beyond the seventh tergite.
This group contains two subgroups: 1. The bipunciata subgroup
comprising large species with the male subgenital plate rounded at the
apex, the head rather broad, and the finer punctures on the thorax
small and very dense. The Nearctic elegans, nigripes, and bipunctata
areincluded. 2. The rebinsoni subgroup comprising usually medium
sized species with the male subgenital plate more or less pointed at the
apex, head slightly narrower, and the thoracic punctation variable.
The propodeum is usually somewhat swollen basally, the basal swelling
divided medially by an impression or broad groove. The Nearctic
robinsonit, cubensis, and longipes and a host of Neotropic species belong
here. Some Nearctic representatives of the fulvipes and femoralis
groups are common in México or range even to Panamé, but all the
strictly Neotropic species of Ceropales I have seen belong to the present
subgroup.
2. Ceropales cubensis Cresson
Forewing of male 5 to 8 mm. long, of female 6.5 to 9 mm. long;
irons, mesoscutum, and mesopleuron with dense small punctures and
scattered large punctures, the latter averaging a little smaller than in
the related species longipes; propodeum tumid basally, the basal
swelling divided medially by a longitudinal groove that is broadened
basally into an impressed triangular area; apical half of propodeum
a little concave medially, but convex next to the attachment of the
abdomen; median apical portion of propodeum with rather dense fine
punctures that are stronger and somewhat irregular medially; male
subgenital plate broadly lanceolate with a blunt tip. The details of
the subgenital plate are specifically diagnostic.
Black. Face (except small area below antennal tubercle of female),
clypeus (except a small median area in the female), side 0.25 of frons,
antennal tubercle, narrow postorbital stripe, labrum (except central
part in the female), scape except above (or only below in the female),
underside of pedicel, underside of base of first flagellar segment in the
male, sometimes a spot on outer base of mandible, anterior callus and
hind margin of pronotum, rarely a smal] median spot on mesoscutum,
small central spot on scutellum, postscutellum, hind corner of thorax,
underside of front coxa, apical outer marks on middle and hind coxa,
usually the apical margins of the trochanters, front tibia and basi-
tarsus of male dorsally, middle basitarsus of male except at the apex,
250 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
apical marks on front and middle femora of male (these marks some-
times present but small in the female), sometimes a small spot on outer
apex of hind femur of male, apical blotches or bands on fore and mid-
dle tibiae (large in the male, reduced in the female), and certain abdom-
inal markings, pale yellow or ivory. The abdominal markings of the
female vary with the subspecies and are described under the subspecific
headings; those of the male are as follows: a large, sublateral, subapical,
quadrate spot on the frst tergite, subapical transverse bands on second
to fifth tergites (deeply notched sublaterally), a large median and a
somewhat smaller sublateral spot on sixth tergite (these sometimes
narrowly joined along the hind margin), and a large subcircular median
spot on seventh tergite, pale yellow or ivory; wings subhyaline; palpi
pale brown; legs fulvous, the coxae and trochanters often more or less
fuscous; hind tarsus and apices of tibiae sometimes infuscate; male
subgenital plate with a broad whitish margin, within which is a
blackish border extending to the median basal triangular piece, which is
whitish with a blackish triangular center.
There are two subspecies, one in the West Indies and one from
Panama to southern Texas. They differ in the sharpness of the small
punctures on the head and thorax and in the color of the female
abdomen. Their male genitalia are identical.
2a. Ceropales cubensis albopicia Cresson, new status
Ceropales albopicta Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, p. 378,
“o”—=¢, Lectotype: o, Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
Smaller punctures on frons, mesoscutum, and mesopleuron rather
weak and often not well defined.
Hind tibia and tarsus rufous, the tarsus often somewhat infuscate;
abdomen of female rufous, the first tergite more or less infuscate
basally, usually with a small subapical dorsolateral ivory colored spot,
and the abdominal tergites with additional ivory subapical marks as
follows: irregular sublateral transverse marks on the second tergite,
similar but medially approximate marks on the third tergite (these are
often broken into a median and a sublateral pair of marks), a large
median and smaller sublateral transverse marks on the fourth tergite,
a large median semicircular mark on the fifth tergite, and a large
median subcircular spot covering the median part of the sixth tergite.
This is the form identified by Fox (1892, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
vol. 19, p. 56) as Ceropales agilis Smith, 1864. Mr. I. Yarrow has
compared specimens with the type of agilis in London and finds that
agilis is a distinct species, with some colorational differences, and large
coarse punctures on the frons and clypeus.
SPECIMENS: 9, Brownsville, Tex., July (Townes). ”, Brownsville,
Tex., 1921, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 9, Presidio, Tex., Apr. 2 to
May 9, 1941, W. L. Lowry (Washington). o’, Presidio, Tex., May 25,
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 251
1935, L. W. Noble (Washington). 9, Lake Atitlin, Guatemala, Aug.
15, 1951, R. H. Painter (Evans). 9, Puerto Castilla, Honduras,
J. C. Bequaert (Cambridge). o&, Mulege, Baja California, México,
May 14, 1921, E. P. Van Duzee (San Francisco). o, San
Jose de Guayamas, México, Apr. 10, L.O. Howard (Washington). 0,
Tejupilco, Temescaltepec, México, June 17, 1933, H. E. Hinton and
R. L. Usinger (San Francisco). o, Villagran, Tamaulipas, México,
June 7, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans). 29, México (Philadelphia). ,
Neuvo Limén, Panama, Sept. 1946, N. L. H. Krauss (Townes).
This subspecies occurs from Panamé into southern Texas.
Ficure 145.—Localities for Ceropales cubensis albopicta.
2b. Ceropales cubensis cubensis Cresson
Ceropales cubensis Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, iP. 132,
“o”=o. Lectotype: o’, Cuba (Philadelphia).
Smaller punctures on frons, mesoscutum, and mesopleuron sharp
and distinct.
Hind tibia rufous, the apex usually somewhat infuscate, or in some
females the entire tibia infuscate; abdomen of female blackish, marked
with white or ivory as follows: sublateral subapical reniform spot on
first tergite, subapical stripe on second to fourth tergites (these with a
deep sublateral emargination) ; a median semicircular apical spot and
usually a smaller sublateral spot on fifth tergite; and a large sub-
circular spot covering the median portion of the sixth tergite. The
pattern of pale spots is the same as in the subspecies albopicta, but the
average extent of these markings is greater.
SPECIMENS: oc’ (type), Cuba (Philadelphia). o, St. Georges,
leeward side of Grenada, West Indies, H. H. Smith (Washington).
o', 9, Kingston, Jamaica (Washington and Townes). 9, Santo
Domingo (Washington). ’, 9, no data (Washington).
This subspecies is restricted to the West Indies.
952 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
3. Ceropales longipes Smith
Ceropales fasciata Say, 1824, in Keating, Narrative of an expedition to the source of
St. Peter’s River ..., etc., vol. 2 (appendix), p. 333 (Leconte edition,
vol. 1, p. 224) (name preoccupied by Fabricius 1793). Type: co, Missouri
(destroyed).
Ceropales longipes Smith, 1855, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the
: British Museum, pt. 3, 179, 9. Type: 9, Georgia (London).
Ceropales frigida Smith, 1855. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the
British Museum, pt. 3, p. 180 (new name for C. fasciata Say).
Forewing of male 7 to 8 mm. long, of female 8 to 10 mm. long; frons,
mesoscutum, and mesopleuron with dense small punctures and
scattered very large punctures; propodeum rather flat behind, but
with a weak subbasal swelling which is divided by a longitudinal
groove and a basal impressed triangular area; median apical portion of
propodeum with fine, completely irregular wrinkles which give it a
Figure 146.—Localities for Ceropales longtpes.
coarsely granular appearance; male subgenital plate broadly lanceolate
with a blunt tip, a narrow whitish margin, and the rest of the lower
surface dusky fulvous, darkest toward the median accessory triangular
piece which is whitish with a darker center. The details of the sub-
genital plate are specifically diagnostic.
Black. Face (except small area below antennal tubercle of female),
clypeus, side 0.25 of frons, antennal tubercle, narrow postorbital stripe,
labrum, outer face of mandible, palpi, underside of scape and pedicel,
anterior callus and hind margin of pronotum, more or less of tegula,
small median longitudinal mark on mesoscutum, central spot on scutel-
lum, postscutellum, triangular spot on mesopleuron next to its coxa,
spot on hind corner of thorax elongated as short stripe along pleuro-
propodeal suture, adjacent spot on propodeum, underside of fore and
middle coxae, apical spot beneath and connecting lateral stripe on
hind coxa, sometimes the apical margins of trochanters, apical spots
on femora (smaller and less distinct in the female), apical and basal
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 253
spots or bands on tibiae (smaller and less distinct in the female and
often obsolete on the hind tibia of both sexes), upper side of front tibia
and basitarsus of male, middle basitarsus of male except at the apex, a
large sublateral subapical spot on first tergite, subapical transverse
bands on second to fifth (ergites (deeply notched sublaterally and often
interrupted medially), a large median and a somewhat smaller sub-
lateral spot on sixth tergite of male, large transverse subapical mark on
sixth tergite of female, and a large subcircular median spot on seventh
tergite of male, pale yellow; wings subhyaline; legs beyond coxae pale
fulvous except as previously noted as yellow, the extreme bases of
segments 2 to 4 of hind tarsus blackish.
SpecIMENS: 2, Washington, D.C., Aug. 8, 1946, M. Vogel (Vogel).
o', Atherton, Mo., July 16, 1922, C. F. Adams (Lawrence). 4d,
Moorestown, N. J., July 19, i939, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
2 &, 1 9, Crabtree Meadows, from foliage near the ground in an
opening in mixed hardwoods, 3,600 ft., Yancey County, N. C., Aug. 21
and 25, 1950, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Smokemont,
2,000 ft., Smoky Mts., N. C., Aug. 24, 1930, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species occurs from New Jersey to Georgia and west to Mis-
souri.
4. Cerepales rebinsonii Cresson
Forewing of male 6 to 9 mm. long, of female 7.5 to 11 mm. long; frons,
mesoscutum, and mesopleuron polished, densely hairy but the hairs not
set in distinct punctures, the larger punctures that are present in most
other species of the genus absent or very faintly indicated; propodeum
tumid basally, the basal swelling divided medialiy by a longitudinal
eroove that is broadened basally into an impressed triangular area, the
rest of the propodeum behind almost flat; hind face of propodeum
near the abdominal attachment with irregular wrinkles that in general
converge toward the abdominal attachment; male subgenital plate
broadly lanceolate with a blunt tip, fulvous with the margin a little
paler. The details of the subgenital plate are specifically diagnostic.
Head and thorax blackish marked with yellow; legs and abdomen
rufous, with restricted yellow markings; wings sybhyaline to dark
brown.
There are two subspecies, distinguishable on color as indicated in
their descriptions. One occurs from Massachusetts and Hlinois to
Florida, the other in Kansas and Texas.
4a. Cerepales rebinsonii robinsonii Cresson
Ceropales robinsonii Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 140, &.
Type: o, West Virginia (Philadelphia).
Ceropales rufiventris Walsh and Riley, 1869, Amer. Ent., vol. 1, pp. 136, 163,
oa, 2. Types: o', 2 9, Illinois (destroyed).
347756—57 17
254 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 147.—Localities for Ceropales robinsonti robinsonit.
Ceropales superba Provancher, 1883, Naturaliste Canadien, vol. 14, p. 35 (Faune,
p. 810), 9. Type: 9, Toronto, Ontario (Ottawa).
Biology: Walsh and Riley, 1869, Amer. Ent., vol. 1, pp. 136, 163.
Forewing of male 6 to 7.5 mm. long, of female 7.5 to 9 mm. long.
Head and thorax black; abdomen and legs rufous. Face (except a
small area below antennal tubercle in the female), clypeus (except for
a median brownish spot in the female), side 0.2 of frons, antennal
tubercle, moderately wide postorbital mark, labrum, outer face of
mandible, underside of scape and pedicel, under side of basal flagellar
segment of male, anterior callus and hind margin of pronotum, usually
a small median spot on mesoscutum of male, small median spot on
scutellum of male and sometimes of female, postscutellum, hind corner
of thorax, underside of front coxa, apical outer spots on middle and
hind coxae (smaller and less distinct in the female), dorsal side of
front tibia, apical marks on outer side of femora and basal and apical
marks on tibiae (these are less extensive and distinct on hind legs
and on all legs of female), a small sublateral subapical spot on second
tergite of male, and sometimes a smaller similar spot on third tergite
of male, light yellow; tarsi yellowish, fulvous apically, the second to
fourth segments of hind tarsus narrowly blackish at the base; apical
abdominal segment with a median apical obscurely yellowish area;
palpi and tegula light brown; front coxa dark brown (except where
noted as yellow); middle and hind coxae brownish at the base; tarsi
yellowish, rufescent apically; wings subhyaline in small males, in
females and in larger males brown with an apical paler area in the
forewing; flagellum blackish except for a yellow mark on the underside
of basal segment in the male.
SPECIMENS: 9, Gainesville, Fla., May 18, 1928, Alexander and
Walker (Ann Arbor). 9, Tifton, Ga., May 18, 1896 (Washington).
o', 9, Tifton, Ga. (Washington). 9, Tifton, Ga., F. A. Eddy (Cam-
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 255
bridge). <, reared from clay cocoon, Jan. 7, 1915, F. X. Williams
(San Francisco). 9, Forest Hills, Mass., Aug. 1906, C. T. Brues
(Cambridge). 9, Pelham, N. H., Sept. 2, 1905, J. C. Bridwell (Wash-
ington). 7, on flowers of Cicuta maculata, McLean, N. Y., July 19,
1916, E. G. Anderson (Ithaca). 29, Southern Pines, N. C., Aug 1,
1911, and Aug 11, 1909, A. H. Manee (Cambridge). <, reared from
cells of Phanagenia bombycina, Columbus, Ohio, May 12, 1902
(Washington). 9, South Bass Island, Put in Bay, Ohio, July 11 to 20
(Cambridge). 9, Ottawa, Ontario (Ottawa). 9, Charter Oak, Pa.,
July 11, 1917, H. B. Kirk (Townes). 9, emerged May 10, 1909, from
material collected Apr. 9, 1909, Linglestown, Pa., P. R. Myers (Wash-
ington). 9, Whitehaven, Pa., Aug. 1902, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca).
9, Pennsylvania, Melsheimer (Cambridge). 292, from Fitch Collection
(Washington). @ (type of rufiventris), West Virginia (Philadelphia).
This is a rare insect, occurring from Massachusetts to Florida and
west to Illinois. Its social host is Phanagenia bombycina.
ff
Aes
SCC
Figure 148.—Localities for Ceropales robinsonii stigmatica.
4b. Ceropzles robinsonii stigmatica Banks
Ceropales robinsont (!) stigmatica Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 18,
p. 126, 9. Lectotype: 9, Fedor, Lee County, Tex., May 17, 1909 (Cam-
bridge).
Forewing of male about 8 to 9 mm. long, of female 10.5 to 11.0 mm.
long.
Head and thorax blackish; legs and abdomen rufous. Face (except
a triangular area below antennal tubercle in female), side 0.2 of frons,
antennal tubercle, rather wide postorbital mark, labrum (centrally
somewhat fulvous in the female), outer face of mandible, underside of
scape and pedicel, anterior callus of pronotum and surrounding area,
broad hind margin of pronotum, rarely a small median spot near hind
margin of mesoscutum, scutellum, postscutellum, spots on meso-
347756 —57——_18
256 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
pleuron and metapleuron next their coxae, hind corner of thorax,
and abdominal markings varying from broad subapical transverse bands
on second and following tergites (enclosing a small sublateral rufous
spot) to subapical median subquadrate spots on the apical tergites,
yellow; antenna rufous, the apical 0.3 (in the o) or 0.2 (in the 9)
infuscate; palpi and tegula yellow and brown; thorax with more or
less extensive brownish ferruginous areas, these mostly adjacent to
its yellow markings; wings dark brown, or lighter brown in small
males, the forewing with an apical pale area; legs colored as in the
subspecies robinsonii, except that the front coxa is largely brownish
ferruginous.
SPECIMENS: 2, Meade County, Kans., July 12, 1911, F. X. Williams
(Lawrence). 9°, Cotulla, Tex., May 12, 1906, F. C. Pratt (Wash-
ington). 60, 182 (including the lectotype), Fedor, Tex., Mar. 29,
1909, Apr. 19, 1904, Apr. 29, 1909, May 6 and 17, 1909, July 10, and
Aug. 10, Birkmann (Cambridge). o', McDade, Tex., June 9, 1935,
J. EK. Gillaspy (College Station, Tex.). 9, Wilson County, Tex.,
Feb. 6, 1934, C. E. Heard (Krombein).
This subspecies occurs in Texas and Kansas.
5. Ceropales elegans Cresson
Forewing of male 7 to 13 mm. long, of female 8 to 13 mm. long;
frons, mesoscutum, and mesopleuron with very fine and dense punc-
tures and scattered moderately large punctures; propodeum tumid
basally, the basal swelling weakly divided longitudinally by a longitu-
dinal groove which is somewhat broadened at the base of the propo-
deum; apical half of propodeum flat behind, with very fine dense
punctures; subgenital plate semicircular, concave below, the apex
weakly retuse.
Coloration light rufous, with varying amounts of yellow and some-
times also with black markings. Antenna fulvous, infuscate at the
apex. The subspecies aquilonia is predominately black and yellow.
Wings subhyaline to dark brown.
There are three subspecies, separable on color as idicated in the
key and in the descriptions below.
5a. Ceropales elegans aquilonia, new subspecies
Matz: Forewing 7.2 to 7.8 mm. long.
Blackish. Face, clypeus, lateral 0.2 of frons, antennal tubercle,
narrow postorbital mark, labrum, outer face of mandible, underside
of scape and pedicel, large spot over pronotal callus, wide hind margin
dorsally and narrower hind margin laterally of pronotum, spot on
center of scutellum, postscutellum, small spot on mesopleuron next
to its coxa, large spot on hind corner of thorax, under side of front
coxa, ventrolateral part of middle coxa, broad lateral stripe on hind
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 25%
Ficure 149.—Localities for Ceropales elegans aquilonia.
coxa, apical mark on all femora, upper side of front tibia, basal and
apical mark on middle tibia, basal mark on hind tibia, most of front
and middle basitarsi except at the apex, and a very broad apical
band on all tergites, light yellow, the apical bands on the third and
fourth tergites each with a sublateral notch in the front edge; much
of temple rufous; antenna rufous, somewhat fuscous at the apex, and
marked with yellow as previously noted; palpi rufous; pronotum and
coxae with extensive rufous areas; legs beyond coxae rufous except
for the yellow markings noted; tegula rufous; wings faintly tinged
with reddish brown; first tergite rufous with the apex yellow; under-
side of abdomen tinged with rufous.
Fremate: Unknown, but probably with somewhat similar coloration.
This subspecies is distinguished by its pale wings, thorax black and
yellow, and abdomen mostly black and yellow.
Type: o, Tilley, Alberta., July 9, 1941, J. L. Carr (Washington,
USNM 61800).
PaRraTyPE: o', Norman County, Minn., Aug. 31, 1936, D. G.
Denning (St. Paul).
5b. Ceropales elegans elegans Cresson
Ceropales elegans Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 208, 9. Type:
9, Texas (Philadelphia).
Ceropales cressoni Fox, 1892, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 58, o&,2. Lecto-
type: 92, Nebraska (Philadelphia).
Forewing of male 7.2 to 11 mm. long, of female 8 to 12 mm. long.
This subspecies is quite variable in color. The wings are definitely
tinged with brown, a little darker than in the subspecies aquilonia,
but not reaching the dark brown color of the subspecies quaintancet.
The yellow markings are sometimes as extensive as described for the
subspecies aguilonia, but usually more restricted, and may be present
258 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 150.—Localities for Ceropales elegans elegans.
only on the head, hind margin of pronotum, hind corner of thorax,
underside of front coxa, and as a spot on the last tergite. The head,
thorax, and more rarely the abdomen may be partly blackish.
SPECIMENS (32 c7, 259): From Arizona (Tucson) ; California (Arroyo
Seco in Monterey County, Benicia, Blythe, Clayton, Coachella, below
5,000 ft. near Coalinga, Davis, Imperial County, La Jolla, Lemon-
cove, Los Angeles County, Redwood City, Richardson Springs, Telsa,
Tracy, Vacaville, and Walnut Creek in Contra Costa County) ; Idaho
(Payette and Weiser); Kansas (Republic County); Nebraska; New
Mexico (15 miles east of Lordsburg at 4,500 ft.) ; Texas (Bexar County
and Lee County); and Washington (Wawawai).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from May 20 (in
Imperial County, Calif.) to Sept. 29 (in Lee County, Tex.). Flower
records comprise Tamariz gallica, Melilotus alba, and Eriogonum sp.
There is one collection from the glandular hairs of Helianthus anuus.
This subspecies occurs in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas.
Adults are on the wing throughout the summer.
5c. Ceropales elegans quaintancei Viereck
Ceropales quaintancet Viereck, 1902, Ent. News, vol. 13, p. 275, “oc = 9. Type:
9, College Park, Md. (Philadelphia).
Forewing of male 9 to 13 mm. long, of female 11 to 13 mm. long.
This subspecies has dark brown wings and averages a little larger
than the other two. The yellow markings may be almost as exten-
sive as described for aquilonia or more or less restricted, in extreme
cases being present only on the head, postscutellum, hind corner of
thorax, and underside of front coxa. The thorax sometimes has
fuscous areas.
SPECIMENS: 267, Alachua County, Fla., May 13, 1923, Alexander
and Walker (Ann Arbor). 9, Tifton, Ga. (Washington). 9°, Rantoul,
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 259
Ill., Nov. 1912, G. N. Wolcott (Washington). 9, Toledo, Ill., Harvey
(Lawrence). 9, Douglas County, Kans., F. H. Snow (Ithaca). 407,
29, on flowers of Melilotus alba, Marshall County, Kans., July 6, 12,
24, and 26, 1950, R. L. Fischer (Evans and Townes). 29, Onaga,
Kans., Crevecoeur (Manhattan). @ (type), College Park, Md.
(Philadelphia). co, Southern Pines, N. C., June 15, 1910, A. H.
Manee (Cambridge).
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas.
Ficure 151.—Localities for Ceropales elegans quaintancet.
6. Ceropales nigripes Cresson
Ceropales nigripes Cresson, 1867, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 139, 9.
Type: @, ‘‘Dakota” (Philadelphia).
Ceropales texana Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 208, @. Type:
o', Texas (Washington).
Forewing of male 9 to 14 mm. long, of female 11 to 16 mm. long;
structure similar to that of C. bipunctata except that the propodeum
usually lacks the fine transverse wrinkling and for small differences in
the male genitalia.
Black. Male with face, clypeus, labrum, lower lateral part of frons,
antennal tubercle, spot on underside of scape and of pedicel, broad
band on hind margin of pronotum, sometimes a small spot on scutel-
lum, postscutellum, small spot above hind coxa, rarely a smal] spot on
apex of hind coxa in front, large oblong lateral spot on first tergite,
usually one or several small median apical spots on fifth tergite, large
median spot on sixth tergite and most of seventh tergite, white. The
labrum may have a brownish median spot or may be dark with only
its sides white. Female with frontal orbit, sometimes a lateral spot
on clypeus, spot on postscutellum, and small spot above hind coxa,
white. Wings of both sexes deep black.
260 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
This is very close to C. bipunctata and has allopatric distribution. It
is rated as a full species rather than as a subspecies of bipunctata be-
cause there are several distinctive color differences, the male genitalia
are slightly different, and no intergrading specimens are at hand.
SPECIMENS (3507, 339): From British Columbia (Osoyoos); Cali-
fornia (Berkeley, Dos Palos, Los Angeles County, Newport Bay, San
Francisco, and Telsa); Colorado (Colorado Springs, Sterling, and Two
Buttes); Idaho (Lewiston and Payette); Kansas (Cloud County,
Dickinson, Hamilton County, Kiowa County, Logan County, Man-
hattan, Morton County, Reno County, Trego County, Wallace
County, and Wichita County); Nebraska (Bartley and Cambridge);
New Mexico (Albuquerque, Broadview, Las Vegas, 20 miles north of
Las Vegas at 6,650 ft., and Ship Rock); Oregon (Juntura, The Dalles,
and La Grande); Texas (Fort Davis); Utah (Utah Lake); Washington
(Alnota and Wawawai); Wyoming (Newcastle and Weston County);
and Mexico (Canutillo in Durango and 15 km. east of Sombrerete in
Zacatecas).
Ficure 152.—Localities for Ceropales nigripes.
Most collection dates are in July and August. Those outside these
two months are: June 25 at Sterling, Colo.; June 29 at Payette, Idaho;
June 30 at Cambridge, Nebr., ‘June’? in Morton County, Kans.;
Sept. 2 at Dos Palos, Calif.; Sept. 16 at Manhattan, Kans.; and Sept.
25 at Telsa, Calif. Flower records comprise Tamariz gallica, Melilotus
alba (2 collections), Sphaeralcea angustifolia, Eriogonum sp., Asclepias
verticullata, and Asclepias sp.
This species occurs in the Upper and Lower Sonoran faunas. Adults
fly mostly in July and August.
7. Ceropales bipunctata Say
Forewing of male 10 to 16 mm. long, of female 11 to 16 mm. long;
frons, mesoscutum, and mesopleuron with very fine and dense small
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 261
punctures and scattered larger punctures; propodeum with a median
basal tumid area which has a weak median longitudinal impression;
apical half of propodeum almost flat behind, with fine, very dense
punctures and very fine transverse wrinkles; subgenital plate semi-
circular, concave beneath.
There are two subspecies, distinguished by the color of the tibiae as
noted in the key and the subspecific descriptions.
Ficure 153.—Localities for Ceropales bipunctata tibialis.
7a. Ceropales bipunctata tibialis Banks
Ceropales bipunctata var. tibialis Banks, 1910, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol.
18, p. 126, &, 2. Lectotype: 9, Southern Pines, N. C., June 20, 1906,
A. H. Manee (Cambridge).
Ceropales floridensis Dreisbach, 1948, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 56, pp.
233-238, ‘“9”.=o' (new synonymy). Type: o’, Gainesville, Fla. (Ann
Arbor). :
Black. Marked with creamy white as in the subspecies bipunctata;
wings deep black; legs rufous with the trochanters and joint regions
infuscate; thorax and head sometimes with rufous tinges.
The name Ceropales floridensis is based on a specimen of this sub-
species with the white and rufous markings unusually extensive.
SPECIMENS: . (type of floridensis), Gainsville, Fla., May, 4, 1933,
Alexander and Walker (Ann Arbor). 367, 12 (lectotype and para-
types of tibialis), Southern Pines, N. C., June 11, 1919, June 15, 1911,
June 20, 1906, and June 27, 1912, A. H. Manee (Cambridge). 2, Horry
County, S. C., July 9, 1932, H. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies occurs in the Austroriparian fauna of North Caro-
lina, South Carolina, and southward into Florida.
262 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
7b. Ceropales bipunctata bipunctata Say
Ceropales bipunctata Say, 1824, in Keating, Narrative of an expedition to the
source of St. Peter’s River . . ., vol. 2 (appendix), p. 334 (Leconte edition,
vol. 1, p. 225). #, 9. Types: o, 9, United States (destroyed).
Black. Male with face, clypeus, labrum, lower lateral part of frons,
antennal tubercle, spot on under side of scape and of pedicel, narrow
band on hind margin of pronotum (sometimes interrupted medially),
sometimes a spot on scutellum, and small spot above hind coxa,
cream colored. Female with frontal orbit, sometimes an adjacent
lateral spot on clypeus, a small spot above hind coxa, and line on under
side of scape, cream colored. Both sexes with wings black and hind
femur rufous, narrowly black at the base and apex.
SPECIMENS (9207, 1309): From Connecticut (Kast Haddom, East
Hartford, and New Haven); Illinois (Chicago); Indiana; Kansas
(Baldwin, Cowley County, Dickinson County, Franklin County,
Figure 154.—Localities for Ceropales bipunctata bipunctata.
Leavenworth, Linn County, Manhattan, Medora, Montgomery
County, Morris County, Randolph, Rooks County, Russell County,
and Topeka); Maine (Bangor); Massachusetts (Boston, Bourne,
Cambridge, Cummington, Dennis, Forest Hills, Framingham, Lex-
ington, Martha’s Vineyard, Mount Tom, Nantucket, Natick, Ply-
mouth, Provincetown, Wareham, and Wellesley); Michigan (Cakland
County, Port Austin, and Wayne County); Minnesota (Chisago
County); Mississippi (Oxford); Missouri; New Brunswick (Shippigan
and Tracadie); New Hampshire (Pelham); New Jersey (Gloucester
and Riverton); New York (Clifton Springs, Cold Spring Harbor,
Freeville, Ithaca, Oswego, Otto, Poughkeepsie, Staten Island, West
Point, and Wilson); North Carolina (Kill Devil Hills and Raleigh);
Ohio (Columbus, Logan County, and West Jefferson in Franklin
County); Ontario (Chatham, Grimsby, Ottawa, and Toronto); Penn-
sylvania (Camphill, Castle Rock, East Troy, Eberlys Mill, Harrisburg,
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 263
Mount Holly Springs, New Cumberland, Philadephia, and West Fair-
view); Prince Edward Island (Brackley Beach in the Canadian
National Park); Quebec (Hemmingford, Hull, and Rigaud); Texas
(Bexar County, Burleson County, College Station, Cypress Mills, Dal-
las, Fedor, Giddings, Hunt County, Liberty Hill, Victoria, Waco, and
Wolfe City); and Virginia (Arlington, Falls Church, and Glencarlyn).
Most dates of collection are in August and September, a few in July
and in the first half of October, and some scattered records earlier in
the season. Records outside of July, August, and September are: Apr.
16 and 19 at Columbus, Ohio; May 16 at Victoria, Tex.; May 20 in
Hunt County and at Wolfe City, Tex.; May 28 at Liberty Hill, Tex.;
June 4 at Riverton, N. J.; June 8 in Riley County, Kans.; June 25
at Baldwin, Kans.; June 26 at Leavenworth, Kans.; Oct. 6 at New
Haven, Conn.; Oct. 10 in Brazos County, Tex., and at Arlington,
Va.; Oct. 11 at Castle Rock, Pa.; and Oct. 17 at Raleigh, N. C. The
seasonal data indicates a single annual generation over most of the
range, and two in Texas. Flower records comprise Ampelopsis arborea
(three collections), Euphorbia marginata, Stillingia sylvatica, Poly-
taenia nuttallii, Aster paniculatus, and Solidago spp. (five collections).
This subspecies occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas.
Adults fly mostly in August and September. They are commonly
collected on Solidago flowers.
FEMORALIS GROUP
Forewing 2.5 to 5.7 mm. long; head large; abdomen small; antenna
short and stout; femora rather stout and flattened; longer hairs of
frons reclined, long, and conspicuous; longer hairs on mesoscutum
long and conspicuous; second to fourth segments of fore and middle
tarsi of male not unusually short, the second segment of the middle
tarsus distinctly longer than wide; last segment of fore tarsus of male
with a subapical swelling on the front side; claws on fore and middle
tarsi of male with a large, appressed, obliquely truncate tooth, the
tooth postmedian on the claws of the middle tarsus and on the hind
claw of the front tarsus, and shorter, more pointed, and subbasal on
the front claw of the front tarsus; claws on fore and middle tarsi of
female with a large, appressed, obliquely truncate, postmedian tooth;
male subgenital plate small, elongate with a rounded apex, the lateral
edges turned up; female subgenital plate in profile rather triangular
with a pointed apex, sometimes with only a suggestion of a projecting
apical part; seventh tergite of male very convex and enclosing the
terminalia and cerci.
This group includes the Nearctic femoralis, hatoda, rugata, and
pacifica, and the Mexican C. mericana Cresson, 1869. The species
femoralis occurs south to Panamaé. The size, color, and structure of
these five are so uniform that without close observation all might
pass as a single species.
264 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ficure 155.—Localities for Ceropales pacifica.
8. Ceropales pacifica, new species
Forewing 4.4 to 5.7 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 1.6
as long as wide; frons dull, with small close punctures and scattered
larger punctures, diameters of which are about 2 to 3 times as great
as those of the smaller punctures; longer hairs on frons about 1.0 as
long as the diameter of an ocellus; mesopleuron with medium sized,
deep punctures that are separated by about 2.5 their diameter; male
subgenital plate broadly lanceolate but upcurved on the sides so as
to appear narrower; female subgenital plate distinctly longer than in
the other species of the femoralis group.
Colored as in C. rugata except that the white markings average
smaller (or some of the smaller ones lacking entirely), that the longer
hairs of the head and thorax are dark brown, and that the front and
middle femora and tibiae are more or less infuscate.
Typr: o', Marin County, Calif., July 1925, F. X. Williams (San
Francisco).
ParatyPsEs: Q, Palo Alto, Calif., Oct. 25, 1894 (Cambridge). <,
San Diego, Calif., July 8, 1886, Blaisdell (San Francisco). of, San
Jose, Calif., Aug. 10, 1898, Patterson (Townes). 9, Tracy, Calif.,
Aug. 1, 1949, J. W. MacSwain (Townes). of, 9, Austin, 4,000 ft.,
Oreg., Aug. 11, 1929, H. A. Scullen (Berkeley and St. Paul).
This species occurs in Oregon and California.
9. Ceropales rugata, new species
Forewing 2.5 to 5.0 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 1.3
as long as wide; frons subshining, with very small punctures and
scattered larger punctures whose diameters are about 2.0 to 3.0 as
ereat as those of the smaller punctures; longer hairs on frons about 1.2
as long as the diameter of an ocellus; mesopleuron with large deep
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 265
punctures that are separated by about 1.2 their diameter; male sub-
genital plate ligulate, a little broader apically than in C. hatoda and
C. femoralis, its edges upcurved (in dried specimens there are a pair
of longitudinal folds that weakly converge apically and may unite as
a single median carina before the apex of the subgenital plate); female
subgenital plate triangular in side view, shorter than in C. pacifica
and a little longer than in C. haioda.
Black. Longer hairs of head and thorax light brown; apical 0.4 of
mandible ferruginous; orbits (broadly interrupted above and usually
also behind), variable areas on the clypeus ranging from an apico-
lateral spot to the entire clypeus, tubercle between the antennae,
apical triangular area on underside of scape, small spot on underside
of pedicel, hind margin of pronotum, an anterior spot on pronotum,
usually the lower corner of pronotum, more or less of the front of front
coxa, usually a small spot on apex of front femur behind and a similar
spot on apex of middle femur in front, usually small dorsal subbasal
and subapical spots on fore and middle tibiae, an apical external
Ficure 156.—Localities for Ceropales rugata.
stripe on middle and hind coxae, rarely a small spot on the scutellum,
the postscutellum, a weakly curved lateral apical stripe (broadly
separated medially from the stripe on the other side of the tergite) on
each of tergites 1 to 4, often an obsolescent narrow apical sublateral
spot on the fifth tergite, and a large dorsal spot on the last tergite,
creamy white; legs beyond coxae fulvous, the trochanters strongly
infuscate and the tarsi weakly infuscate; flagellum tinged with fulvous
beneath, especially in the female; maxillary palpi and tegula fulvous
with often some infuscation; wings hyaline, a little infuscate apically.
In males the front and middle femora may be infuscate and the clypeus
sometimes entirely black.
Typr: o', Corvallis, Oreg., Sept. 15, 1907, J. C. Bridwell (Wash-
ington, USNM 61711).
266 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
PAaRATYPES (280", 459): From California (Claremont, Davis,
Geyserville, Laguna Beach, La Jolla, Redwood City, and Tracy);
Louisiana (Opelousas); North Carolina (Raleigh); Oregon (Corvallis,
Shaniko, 10 miles south of The Dalles, and Summer Lake in Lake
County); Texas (Brazos County, Fedor, and Willis); Utah (Skull
Valley); Virginia; Wyoming (Weston County); and México (Teoti-
huacdn in “Pyr.’”’ and 15 km. east of Sombrerete in Zacatecas).
Collection dates are rather evenly distributed from June 15 to Sept.
15, except that eight of the nine Texas collections are from May 7 to
June 6. Two females were taken at Raleigh, N. C., at extrafloral
nectaries of Cassia nictitans.
This species is known from Oregon, California, Wyoming, Utah,
the Gulf and South Atlantic States, and México.
Ficure 157.—Localities for Ceropales femoralis.
10. Ceropales femoralis Cresson
Ceropales femoralis Cresson, 1869, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, p. 378,
“0”. Type: co’, Orizaba, México (Philadelphia).
Ceropales foxii, Rohwer, 1916, Canadian Ent., vol. 48, p. 369, o&. Type: 3,
East Falls Church, Va. (Washington).
Forewing 3.0 to 5.5 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 1.2 as
long as wide; frons with dense, sharp, moderately small punctures and
scattered, inconspicuous, larger punctures whose diameters are about
1.2 to 1.5 as great as those of the smaller punctures; longer hairs on
frons about 1.3 as long as a male ocellus or 1.5 as long as a female
ocellus; punctures on upper half of mesopleuron rather large and deep,
separated by about 1.3 their diameter; punctures on lower half of
mesopleuron medium sized, deep, separated by about 3 to 4 times their
diameter; male subgenital plate ligulate, narrowed to a rounded apex,
its sides upcurved; female subgenital plate triangular in side view,
shorter than in C. pacifica and a little longer than in C. hatoda.
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 267
Coloration as in C. rugaia except that there is usually a small white
spot on the scutellum and that the tibial spurs are a little paler.
SPECIMENS (1967, 119): From Georgia (Bainbridge); Kansas (Bald-
win, Manhattan, and Pottawatomie County); Louisiana (Opelousas) ;
Texas (Fedor, ‘“‘Neuecest,’”’ New Braunfels, Rosser, and Williamson
County); Virginia (Falls Church); México (15 km. east of Sombrerete
in Zacatecas); and Panama (La Chorrera).
Dates of capture range from Apr. 12 at La Chorrera, Panamé, and
Apr. 28 at “‘Neuecest,’’ Tex., to Oct. 10 in Williamson County, Tex.
This species occurs from Virginia to Kansas and southward to
Panama.
Ficure 158.—Localities for Ceropales hatoda.
ll. Ceropales hatoda Brimley
Ceropales hatoda Brimley, 1928, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 43, p. 201,
co. Type: o’, Raleigh, N. C. (Raleigh).
Forewing 3.3 to 5.2 mm. long; second flagellar segment about 1.35
as long as wide; frons with dense, sharp, moderately small punctures
and scattered, inconspicuous, larger punctures whose diameters are
about 1.2 to 1.5 as great as those of the smaller punctures; longer
hairs on frons about 1.0 as long as the diameter of a male ocellus or 1.5
as long as the diameter of a female ocellus; punctures on upper half of
mesopleuron rather large and deep, separated by about 1.6 their diam-
eter; punctures on lower half of mesopleuron a little smaller and
separated by 3 to 4 times their diameter; male subgenital plate ligu-
late, narrowed to a rounded apex, its sides upcurved; female subgenital
plate triangular in side view, a little shorter than in C. femoralis and C.
rugata.
Colored as in C. rugata, except that the pale markings are a little
smaller, that the scutellum usually has a small white spot, and that the
legs are black except for the whitish markings described for C. rugata.
268 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
The tibial spurs are dusky stramineous and the front legs usually
tinged with fulvous, especially on the tibia.
SPECIMENS: 40’, 39, from Washington, D. C., July 25, 1948, and
Aug. 9, 18, 14, 29, and 31, 1946, M. Vogel (Vogel and Townes). &,
29, Washington, D.C., June 7, 1947, July 30, 1948, and Sept. 5, 1948,
D. Shappirio (Shappirio). o, Great Falls (near Washington, D. C.),
Md., July 12, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9, Rochester, Minn., Aug.
23, 1935, C. E. Mickel (St. Paul). o, Farmingville, Long Island,
N. Y., Aug. 28, 1937, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). , Arlington, Va.,
Aug. 31, 1947, K. V. Krombein (Krombein). 2 @ trailing on the
ground about 2.5 cm. behind a female of Ageniella partita (not carrying
a spider), Dunn Loring (near Vienna), Va., July 13, 1950, K. V.
Krombein (Krombein). 50, on Liriodendron honeydew, Dunn Loring,
Va., Sept. 4, 5, and 11, 1949, K. V. Krombein (Krombein and Townes).
17", 49, Falls Church, Va., July 12, 14, 16, 21, 22, and 24, and Aug.
2, 6, 9, 20, and 28, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species has been taken from New York to North Carolina and
in Minnesota. Ageniella partita appears to be one of its social hosts.
Adults are recorded from June 7 to Sept. 11.
FULVIPES GROUP
Forewing 4.5 to 8.5 mm. long; body and legs rather stout; antenna
of moderate length; longer hairs of frons suberect, rather short and
sparse; longer hairs on mesoscutum short, inconspicuous; second to
fourth segments of front and middle tarsi of male very short and
broad, the second segment of the middle tarsus not or hardly longer
than broad; last segment of fore tarsus of male with a strong, rounded
swelling on the front side; tarsal claws of male specialized as follows:
front claw of front tarsus with a large triangular lobelike, appressed
basal tooth; hind claw of front tarsus with a median appressed lobe-
like tooth; front claw of middle tarsus with a large lobelike tooth that
is strongly appressed to the claw; hind claw of middle tarsus with a
large, erect, triangular, subapical tooth. Claws of fore and middle
tarsi of female with an acute upright subapical tooth; male subgenital
plate triangular, with an acute apical point; female subgenital plate in
profile with a projecting apical part, the apex of which is evenly
rounded; male cerci vestigial, concealed within the seventh tergite.
This group includes the Nearctic brevicornis, neomexicana, and
fulvipes.
12. Ceropales brevicornis Patton
Ceropales brevicornis Patton, 1879, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. No. 5,
p. 368, o&. Type: o, northwestern Kansas (lost).
Forewing 4.5 to 8 mm. long; frons with close, fine punctures and
scattered larger punctures that are separated by an average of about
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 269
Figure 159.—Localities for Ceropales brevicornis.
2.0 their diameter; larger punctures on mesoscutum and top of pro-
notum separated by an average of about 0.7 their diameter; underside
of male middle coxa weakly convex, with fine dense oblique pubes-
cence; male hind coxa not or hardly specialized, with a rounded angle
between its basal ventral lobe and its hind face; male seventh tergite
with a sharp median notch; male subgenital plate not produced or
swollen apically.
Blackish. Face, clypeus, labrum, sides of frons, antennal tubercle,
narrow posterior orbit, spots on under side of scape and of pedicel,
large spot on front callus of pronotum, hind corner of pronotum,
tegula, scutellum, postscutellum, sometimes a small longitudinal
stripe on mesopleuron above middle coxa, large spot above hind coxa,
under side of front coxa, under and front side of middle and hind
coxae apically, dorsoanterior stripe on hind coxa that joins the apical
mark, elongate apical spot on front femur behind and on middle femur
in front, basal and apical spot on front and middle tibia above, dorsal
stripe on male front tibia, back side of male front basitarsus, all but
apex of male middle basitarsus, large triangular lateral spots on male
first tergite that are approximate medially, apical band on female
first tergite that is widest laterally and sometimes interrupted medially,
apical band on second to fifth tergites of both sexes that is constricted
sublaterally, most of median part of sixth tergite, and broad apical
margin of male seventh tergite, pale yellow. The face of the female
has a median black spot which usually does not reach the clypeus.
The labrum of the female may have a black median spot, or have only
its sides yellow. The band on the hind margin of the pronotum is
medially about as wide as the width of the tegula. Wings hyaline,
legs beyond coxae rufous, their trochanters somewhat infuscate
basally.
270 U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
The type of Ceropales brevicornis is lost. Fox (1892, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., vol. 19, p. 58) reports having seen it but does not clarify its
specific identity. The original description fits both the present
species and C. fulvipes. Since the type locality (northwestern Kansas)
is out of the known range of C. fulvipes and well within that of the
present species, the name is applied here.
SPECIMENS (330', 24 9): From Alberta (Manyberries); District of
Columbia (Washington); Illinois (“‘N. IIl.’’); Indiana (vicinity of
Indianapolis) ; Iowa (Ames and Sioux City); Kansas (Baldwin, Clay
County, Dickinson County, Edwards County, Riley County, and
Topeka); Louisiana (Tallulah); Minnesota (Fort Snelling, Luverne,
Norman County, Winnebago, and Yellow Medicine County); Mon-
tana; Nebraska (Bartley); New Mexico (Las Vegas); North Dakota
(Beach); Pennsylvania (Arendtsville and Newtown); South Dakota
(Cedar Pass and Phillip) ; Texas; Virginia (Falls Church) ; and ‘‘Wash-
ington Territory” (‘‘Taylors, Wenass V.”’).
Collection dates are from June 18 to Oct. 7, the earlier and later
captures being: June 18 at Ames, Iowa; June 26 at Arendtsville, Pa.;
June in Riley County, Kans.; Sept. 15 in Yellow Medicine County,
Minn.; Sept. 17 in Riley County, Kans., and at Sioux City, Iowa;
and Oct. 7 at Baldwin, Kans. Flower records include Asclepias pumila
and Solidago sp.
This is a widely distributed but uncommon species known from
Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico north to Pennsylvania and
Alberta. There is a single record from west of the Rocky Mountains,
from ‘‘Taylors, Wenass V., Washington Territory, VII-6-82.”
13. Ceropales neomexicana Rohwer
Ceropales neomexicana Rohwer, 1915, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, p. 236, @.
Type: o, northern N. Mex. (Washington).
Forewing 5 to 8 mm. long; underside of male middJe coxa weakly
concave, with fine, dense, oblique pubescence; male hind coxa below
with an overhanging ridge between its ventral and hind faces on its
basal half; male seventh tergite with a broad, median apical notch;
male subgenital plate a little elongate, in profile somewhat swollen
apically. Structure otherwise similar to that of C. fulvipes.
Labrum of female black; black mark in middle of face of female
reaching the clypeus; postorbital yellow mark broken into an upper
and a lower half; trochanters and ground color of front and middle
femora blackish or fuscoferruginous. Other markings similar to
those of C. brevicornis, but the yellow on the body averaging a little less
extensive.
SPECIMENS: o’, Tucson, Ariz., F. H. Snow (Evans). ’, from light
trap, Blythe, Calif., Aug. 15, 1947, J. W. MacSwain (Berkeley).
o', visiting glandular hairs of Helianthus anuus, Imperial County,
CEROPALINAE: TRIBE CEROPALINI 271
Ficure 160.—Localities for Ceropales neomexicana.
Calif., May 26, 1912, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). 56, experiment
station farm, Imperial County, Calif., May 1911, May 1912, May
26 and 29, 1912, and June 1912, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). o, 9,
Owens River, Calif., Aug. 5, 1915, C. H. Kennedy (Ithaca). 7, 39,
Wood Lake, Tulare County, Calif., Apr. 5 and 25, May 26, and June
25, 1947, Norman W. Frazier (Berkeley). o, Luna, N. Mex., Aug. 2,
1935, I. J. Cantrall (Ann Arbor). o, 15 km. east of Sombrerete,
Zacatecas, México, July 28 to 31, 1951, H. E. Evans (Evans). 9, 11
km. south of Cafutillo, Durango, México, Aug. 9, 1951, P. D. Hurd
(Berkeley).
This species occurs in the Lower Sonoran fauna.
14. Ceropales fulvipes Cresson
Ceropales fulvipes Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 208, 9. Lecto-
type: 9, Texas (Philadelphia).
Forewing 4.5 to 8.7 mm. long; frons with weak, very fine punctures
and scattered larger weak punctures that are separated by an average
of about 4.0 their diameter; larger punctures on mesoscutum and top
of pronotum separated by an average of about 1.5 their diameter;
underside of male middle coxa weakly concave, with fine dense suberect
pubescence; male hind coxa with a large, internal, basal, obliquely
truncate lobe that subtends a large excavated area on the basal part
of the hind face of the coxa (in smaller specimens this lobe is shorter
and more rounded); male seventh tergite with a weak median apical
notch; male subgenital plate somewhat elongate, in profile with a
strong apical swelling.
Black. Labrum of female pale yellow, black, or black with pale
yellow lateral corners; black mark in middle of face of female reaching
the clypeus; underside of flagellum of male rufous; trochanters and
347756—57——_19
272 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Figure 161.—Localities for Ceropales fulvipes.
often apical part of coxae rufous. The band on the hind margin of
the pronotum is medially about 1.2 as wide as the tegula. Other
markings similar to those of C. brevicornis.
SPECIMENS (21.7, 149): From Texas (Brazos County, Brownsville,
Caldwell County, Dallas, Denton, Fedor, Hunt County, Ladonia,
New Braunfels, San Diego, and Shiloh).
Collecting dates are from Apr. 18 to June 6 and July 21 to Oct. 10.
Flower records comprise Polytaenia nuttallii, Daucus carota, and
Solidago sp.
This species is widespread in Texas.
Index
[Page numbers of principal entries and names of new genera and
species in italics. For index of hosts and prey, see page 285.|
A
abbreviatus, Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 91,
102 (map)
accepta, Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 191,
209, 210, 212, 213, 214 (map)
acceptus, Pompilus (Agenia), 189, 213
accolens, Pompilus (Agenia) calcara-
tus, 113, 114
adara, Ageniella, 213
adele, Ameragenia, 177
Adirostes, 68
tolteca, 68
adjunctus, Auplopus,
(map)
adjusta, Pseudagenia mellipes, 150
Adonta, 68
aequalis, Ageniella, 96
Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90, 91,
96, 97 (map)
Agenia, 116
argenteosignata, 198
belfragei, 22
caerulescens, 160
euphorbiae, 201
fulvipes, 144, 152
hirsutula, 11
longa, 175
macula, 141
minuscula, 101
perfecta, 235
rufigastra, 227, 228
variitarsata, 154
xanthopus, 81
Ageniella, 140, 167 (key), 177, 189, 190
(key), 198, 216
(Ageniella) accepta, 190, 191, 209,
210, 212, 213, 214 (map)
accepta conflicta, 210
adara, 213
aequalis, 96
(Priophanes) agenioides, 177, 178,
186 (map), 189
alternata, 216
aludra, 99
amoena, 219
annecta, 141
(Priophanes) arcuata, 177, 178, 187
(map), 189
(Ageniella) argenteosignatus, 189
(Priophanes) arizonica, 178 (map)
(Priophanes) arizonica arizonica,
177, 178 (map), 179
(Priophanes) arizonica concolor, 177,
178, 179 (map)
145, 146, 150
Ageniella—Continued
bequaerti, 219
(Ageniella) blaisdelli, 190, 191, 210,
212 (map)
caloptera, 219
clypeata, 231
(Ageniella) conflicta, 190, 191, 210,
211 (map), 212, 214
coronata, 209
(Ageniella) coronata, 190, 192, 208,
209 (map), 210
erassicornis, 97
(Ageniella) cupida, 190, 191, 192,
198, 203, 204 (map), 205
cupidella, 206
delicata, 200
delila, 219
(Ageniella) euphorbiae,
198, 201 (map), 205
(Ageniella) evansi, 190, 193, 198,
205 (map)
eximia, 99
(Priophanes) faceta, 177, 181
(Priophanes) faceta faceta,
178, 181, 182 (map), 183
(Priophanes) faceta ventralis, 177,
178, 183 (map)
(Ameragenia) fasczata,
217 (map)
festina, 170
fraternella, 170
(Leucophrus) fulgifrons, 169, 173
(map)
(Priophanes) fuscipennis, 177, 178,
188, 189 (map)
(Ageniella) grisea, 190, 192, 193,
195 (map)
hestia, 97
(Leucophrus) incita, 169, 172 (map)
isolata, 219
julia, 234
(Nemagenia) longula, 175 (map)
maya, 210
mintaka, 197
(Ageniella) mintaka, 190, 191, 197
(map)
neglecta, 208
(Ageniella) neglecta, 190, 191, 198,
207, 208 (map)
norata, 206
(Ageniella) norata, 190, 192, 198,
206 (map)
obscura, 199
191, 192,
77,
215, 216,
273
274
Ageniella—Continued
(Ageniella) obscura, 191, 192, 198
(Ageniella) obscura delicata, 191,
192, 200 (map)
(Ageniella) obscura obscura, 191,
192, 199 (map)
pallida, 196
(Ageniella) pallida, 190, 192, 196,
196 (map)
partita, 193
(Ageniella) partita, 190, 192, 193
(map)
persimilis, 210
(Priophanes) placita, 177, 178,
18
(Priophanes) placita placita, 177,
178, 184 (map)
(Priophanes) placita sonorensis, 177,
178, 185 (map)
praestans, 212
purpuripes, 198
restricta, 200
(Leucophrus) reynoldsi, 169, 171
(map)
(Priophanes) rufescens, 178, 180
(map)
rufothorax, 219
rufula, 219, 220
(Ameragenia) salti, 215, 216, 218
(map) j
(Ageniella) seminole, 190, 192, 196
(map) oe
(Leucophrus) semitincta, 169, 170
(map) .
(Ameragenia) striga, 215, 216 (map)
subaequalis, 201
(Ageniella) submetallica, 190, 193,
198, 205 (map)
subra, 186
tenella, 94
(Ageniella) vogeli, 191, 192, 198,
202 (map)
agenioides, Agenielia (Priophanes), 177,
178, 186 (map), 189
Priocnemis, 186
Agenioxenus, 238
agilis, Ceropales, 250
Pompilus (Agenia), 173
Agriogenia, 131
Alasagenia rubineus, 193, 194
alaskensis Priocnemis (Priocnemis) no-
tha, 91, 106, 107 (map)
alastor, Dipogon, 132
albopicta, Ceropales, 250
Ceropales cubensis, 240, 250, 251
(map)
albopilosus, Chirodamus, 14,
(map), 16, 18
Pompilus (Agenia), 14
alienatus, Calicurgus hyalinatus, 109,
110, 111, 112 (map), 113, 114
Pompilus, 111
alternata, Ageniella, 216
aludra, Ageniella, 99
Ameragenia, 167, 168, 215, 216 (key)
adele, 177
cleora, 215
13, 15
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Ameragenia—Continued
dolorosa, 215
fabricii, 215
festina, 215
incrota, 215
irene, 215
notabilis, 215
partida, 215
pretiosa, 215
similaris, 215
thione, 215
Amerocnemis, 40
bequaerti, 40
amoena, Ageniella, 219
Anacyphonyx, 11
delis, 11
metallica, 12
rosasi, 12
anconis, Pseudagenia, 215
andicolus, Calicurgus, 108
angusticeps, Priocnemioides, 51, 58, 60
(map), 64
angustimarginata, Pepsis, 26, 28, 29
annecta, Ageniella, 141
annulata, Sphex, 67
anomalus, Dipogon, 121
Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago,
117, 121 (map), 123
Anoplius, 116
variegatus, 116
antennalis, Pseudagenia, 159
Aoplopus, 143
apache, Priocnessus, 40, 46 (map), 49
Priocnemis (Priocnessus), 46
apicipennis, Pseudagenia, 184, 185
apogona, Haploneura, 81
Aporus, 6
aquila, Pepsis, 27, 30
aquilonia, Ceropales elegans, 240, 256,
257 (map), 258
aratus, Priocnemioides, 50, 517, 52 (map)
architectus, Auplopus, 145, 146, 147,
157, 159, 161, 162, 166
Auplopus architectus, 146, 147, 162,
163, 164 (map)
Pompilus, 163
arcuata, Ageniella (Priophanes), 177,
178, 187 (map), 189
arcuatus, Cryptocheilus, 187
argenteosignata, Agenia, 198
argenteosignatus, Ageniella (Ageniella),
189
ariel, Dipogon, 132
Priocnemis (Calicurgus), 108
ariella, Pseudagenia, 159
arioles, Priocnemis, 176
arizonica, Ageniella (Priophanes), 178
(map) ;
Ageniella (Priophanes) arizonica,
177, 178 (map), 179
Pepsis, 27, 30
Priocnemis, 179
Cryptocheilus, 76
arizonicus, Notocyphus dorsalis, 222,
223 (map), 225
ascensi, Cryptocheilus
cheilus), 32
astarte, Priocnemis (Clistoderes), 83
(Tetracrypto-
INDEX
atratus, Cryptocheilus, 70
atratus, Dipogon (Dipogon) graenicheri,
131, 139 (map)
atripennis, Priocnemioides texanus, 50,
56 (map), 57
attenuatum, Cryptocheilus, 68, 69, 76
(map)
attenuatus, Cryptocheilus, 75
Auplopus, 140, 141, 143, 145 (key), 166
adjunctus, 145, 146, 1450 (map)
architectus, 145, 146, 147, 157, 159,
161, 162, 166
architectus architectus, 146, 147,
162, 163, 164 (map)
architectus metallicus, 146, 147, 162
(map)
caerulescens, 145, 146, 147, 157, 159,
162, 163, 166
caerulescens caerulescens, 146, 147,
160 (map)
caerulescens floridanus, 146, 147,
159, 761, (map)
caerulescens subcorticalis, 146, 147,
158, 159 (map)
flavicoxae, 145, 146, 147
inermis, 145, 146, 148 (map)
mellipes, 144, 145, 146, 1451
mellipes meridianus, 145 146, 154
(map) f
mellipes mellipes, 144, 145, 146, 142
(map) ‘i
mellipes variitarsatus 145, 146,
153, 154, 155 (map)
mexicanus, 145, 146, 156 (map)
mollis, 145, 147, 157 (map)
nigrellus, 145, 146, 147, 158, 162,
163, 165 (map)
variolarum, 145, 146, 149 (map)
austrianus, Cryptocheilus, 54
Priocnemioides, 50, 51, 53
Priocnemioides austrinus,
51, 54
map)
azteca, Pepsis, 26, 28, 29
B
barbara, Pallosoma, 32
belfragei, Agenia, 22
bequaerti, Ageniella, 219
Amerocnemis, 40
Pepsis, 31
bipunctata, Ceropales, 249, 260, 262
Ceropales bipunctata, 240, 262
(map) !
birkmanni, Cryptocheilus, 68
Cryptocheilus idoneum, 68, 69, 79
(map) |
Pseudagenia, 187
blaisdelli, Ageniella (Ageniella),
191, 210, 212 (map)
Pseudagenia, 212
Boguei, Pepsis, 29
bombycina, Phanagenia, 141, 142 (map)
bombycinus, Pompilus (Agenia), 141
Bonariensis, Pepsis, 66, 67
borealis, Calicurgus hyalinatus, 109,
110 (map), 111, 112, 113
Priocnemis alienatus, 110
190,
275
brazoria, Onochares, 11, 22
Brethesia, 25
brevicornis, Ceropales, 139, 268, 269
(map), 270, 272
Pseudagenia (Minagenia), 226
brevis, Dipogon (Dipogon), 131, 132,
133, 134, 137
Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis, 131,
132, 135, 186 (map), 137
Pompilus (Agenia), 131, 135
bruesi, Pseudagenia, 198
Cc
caenosa, Ceropales maculata, 239, 242
(map), 245, 247
caerulescens, Agenia, 160
Auplopus, 145, 146, 147, 157, 159,
162, 163, 166
Auplopus caerulescens, 146, 147,
160 (map)
Calagenia, 143
hermosa, 143
calearatus, Pompilus (Agenia), 111
Caliadurgus, 108
Calicurgus, 9, 11, 108
andicolus, 108
hyalinatus, 108, 109 (key)
hyalinatus alienatus, 109, 110, 1/1,
112 (map), 113, 114
hyalinatus borealis, 109, 110 (map),
111, 112, 113
hyalinatus excoctus, 109 114, 115
(map)
hyalinatus hyalinatus, 109, 110
hyalinatus rupex, 109, 110, 113, 114
(map)
jocaste, 108
loranthe, 108
luteicornis, 66
marginatus, 108
orijones, 108
propinquus, 89
quitus, 108
rufigaster, 108
vulgaris, 84
californicus, Priocnemioides unifasci-
atus, 51, 62, 65 (map, 66
calipterus, Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 117,
118, 123, 126, 127
Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calipterus,
118, 124 (map)
Pompilus, 124
Calopompilus, 11
erebus, 12
fraternus, 12
helas, 12
parvulus, 12
caloptera, Ageniella, 219
capensis, Hemipepsis, 32
carbonarius, Sphex, 143
carinatus, Cryptocheilus, 72
carinigena, Schizagenia, 143
Ceratopales, 238
cerberus, Pepsis, 30
Pepsis elegans, 26, 27, 30
Ceropales, 238 (key), 249
agilis, 250
276
Ceropales—Continued
albopicta, 250
bipunctata, 249, 260, 262
bipunctata bipunctata,
U. S. NATIONAL
240, 262
(map
bipunctata tibialis, 240, 261 (map)
brevicornis, 139 268, 269 (map),
270, 272
cressoni, 257
cubensis, 240, 249, 251
cubensis albopicta, 240, 250, 251
(map)
cubensis cubensis, 240, 251
elegans, 240, 249, 256, 257
elegans aquilonia, 240, 256, 257
(map), 258
elegans elegans, 240, 257, 258 (map)
elegans quaintancei, 240, 257, 248,
259 (map)
fasciata, 252
femoralis, 241, 249, 263, 264, 265,
266 (map) 267
floridensis, 261
foxii, 266
fraterna, 244
fraternus occidentalis, 244
frigida, 252
fulvipes, 239, 249, 268, 270, 271,
272 (map)
hatoda, 194, 241, 263, 265, 266,
267 (map)
longipes, 240, 249, 252 (map)
maculata, 239, 241, 244
maculata caenosa, 239, 242 (map),
245, 247
maculata fraterna, 239,
245 (map), 247, 248
maculata maculata, 239,
maculata rhodomerus,
(map), 245, 247
maculata stretchii, 139,
248 (map)
mexicana, 263
minima, 244
neomexicana, 239, 268,
(map)
nigripes, 240, 249, 259, 260 (map)
pacifica, 240, 241, 263, 264 (map),
266
243, 244,
241
139, 243
245, 247,
270, 271
quaintancei, 258
robinsoni stigmatica, 255
robinsonii, 238, 248, 263
robinsonii robinsonii, 240, 253, 254
(map), 256
robinsonii stigmatica, 240, 256
(map)
rufiventris, 238, 253, 255
rugata, 240, 241, 263, 264, 265
(map), 267
stretchii, 247
superba, 254
texana, 259
Ceropalinae, 6, 8, 220, 221 (key)
Ceropalini, 221, 237
Cheilotus, 49
Chilochares, 68
MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Chirodamus, 9, 10, 11, 12 (key)
albopilosus, 13, 14, 15 (map), 16, 18
deceptus, 13, 14, 17 (map), 18
feroculis, 13, 14, 17, 23 (map)
fortis, 18, 14, 15, 16 (map)
heiligbrodtii, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22
_ (map)
kingii, 11
maculipennis, 13, 14, 17, 20 (map)
pyrrhomelas, 13, 14, 17, 18,
(map
validus, 13, 14, 17, 23, 24 (map)
christophei, Priocnemis, 108
Chrysocurgus, 11
chrysothemis, Pepsis, 27, 28, 31, 32
Pepsis chrysothemis, 27, 28, 32
cineticornis, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 40
cinnabarina, Pepsis, 32
Cirripepsis, 25
Claveliinae, 6
cleora, Ameragenia, 215
Clistoderes, 81, 83
clypeata, Ageniella, 231
Minagenia, 227, 231 (map), 233
coerulescens, Pseudagenia, 160
coloradensis, Cryptocheilus, 45
Prioenessus, 41, 45 (map), 49
comes, Priophanes, 177
commixta, Hemipepsis, 33
Hemipepsis (Xenopepsis), 32
comparatus, Pompilus, 87
concolor, Ageniella (Priophanes)
zonica, 177, 178, 179 (map)
conflicta, Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 191,
210, 211 (map), 212, 214
Ageniella accepta, 210
congrua, Minagenia, 227, 228 (map)
congruus, Pompilus (Agenia), 227
conicus, Pompilus (Miscus), 99
Priocnemis, 84
coriaceus, Priocnemis, 83
“coriarius,’’ Priocnemis, 83
cornica, Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90,
91, 99 (map)
cornicus, Pompilus (Miscus), 99
coronata, Ageniella, 209
coronata, Ageniella (Ageniella),
192, 208, 209 (map), 210
crassicornis, Ageniella, 97
Cressochilus, 40
cressoni, Ceropales, 257
Cryptocheilus, 63, 65
Mygnimia, 35, 36
Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 51, 60,
62, 63, 64 (map), 65, 66
croesus, Hemipepsis (Moropepsis), 32
Cryptocheilus, 9, 11, 38, 50, 51, 67, 68
(key), 70, 73
arcuatus, 187
arizonicus, 76
(Tetracryptocheilus) ascensi, 32
atratus, 70
attenuatum, 68, 69, 75 (map)
attenuatus, 75
austrinus, 54
birkmanni, 68
carinatus, 72
coloradensis, 45
ari-
190,
INDEX
Cryptocheilus—Continued
cressoni, 63, 65
flammipennis, 63, 65
hesperus, 69, 70 (map)
idoneum, 69, 71, 78
idoneum birkmanni,
(map) |
idoneum idoneum, 69, 78 (map)
idoneus, 78
inaequalis, 18
incitus, 172
manni, 12
paeneparcus, 107
pallescens, 181
pallidipenne, 68, 69, 74 (map)
peruvianus, 6
placitus, 184, 185
rugosus, 18
severini, 6, 7 (fig.), 69, 76 (map)
terminatum, 69, 70, 71
terminatum subopacum, 69,
(map) ,
terminatum terminatum, 69, 72, 73
68, 69, 79
72
(map)
Cryptochilus, 68
cubensis, Ceropales, 240, 249, 251
Ceropales cubensis, 240, 251
cupida, Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 191,
192, 198, 203, 204 (map), 205
cupidella, Ageniella, 206
cupidus, Pompilus (Agenia), 203
Cyphononyx, 9
D
dakota, Pompilus (Agenia), 44
Prioenessus, 41, 44 (map), 49
deceptus, Chirodamus, 13, 14, 17 (map),
i
8
delicata, Ageniella, 200
Ageniella (Ageniella) obscura, 191,
192, 200 (map)
delila, Ageniella, 219
Derochilus, 11
Deropepsis, 25
Deuteragenia, 115, 116 (key), 117 (key)
papago, 120
pilosa, 124
dimidiata, Pepsis, 25
Dinocnemis, 11
Dinopepsis, 25
Dipogon, 9, 10, 115, 116 (key), 131
(key)
alastor, 132
anomalus, 121
ariel, 132
(Dipogon) brevis, 131, ioe
732, 137
(Dipogon) brevis brevis, 131, 132,
135, 136 (map), 137
(Dipogon) brevis ochreus, 132, 137
(map) .
(Dipogon) brevis recalvus, 131, 132,
134 (map), 137
(Deuteragenia) calipterus, 117, 118,
123, 126, 127
(Deuteragenia) calipterus
terus, 118, 124 (map)
132,
calip-
277
Dipogon—Continued
(Deuteragenia) calipterus duplic-
atus, 116, 118, 124, 125 (map)
(Deuteragenia) calipterus nubifer,
118, 125 (map)
femur-aureus, 124
graenicheri, 139
(Dipogon) graenicheri, 131, 132,
138
(Dipogon) graenicheri atratus, 131,
139 (map)
(Dipogon) graenicheri graenicheri,
131, 139, (map)
(Deuteragenia) zracundus, 116, 118,
123, 127 (map)
(Dipogon) paibidia 132, 133 (map)
(Deuteragenia) papago, 117, 118,
119
(Deuteragenia) papago anomalus,
117, 121 (map), 123
(Deuteragenia) papago floridanus,
117, 121, 122 (map)
(Deuteragenia) papago papago, 117,
120 (map)
populator, 131
(Deuteragenia) pulchripennis, 116,
117, 118, 119 (map), 120
(Dipogon) pygmaeus, 132 (map)
sayi, 128
(Deuteragenia) sayi, 117, 123, 128
(Deuteragenia) sayi nigrior, 116,
118, 130 (map)
(Deuteragenia) sayi sayi, 118, 128,
129 (map)
sericea, 123, 127
(Deuteragenia) sericeus,
(key), 127
texanus, 137
(Dipogon) texanus, 131, 137, 128
(map).
(Deuteragenia) thoracicus, 116, 11*.
123, 126 (map)
(Deuteragenia)
117, 123
directa, Priocnemis, 175
dispertitius, Salius (Priocnemis), 84
doddsi, Priocnemis (Calicurgus), 108
dolorosa, Ameragenia, 215
domingensis, Priocnemella, 198
dorsalis, Notocyphus, 222 (key), 224
Notocyphus dorsalis, 222, 223, 224
225 (map)
dowi, Priocnemis, 176
dubitata, Pepsis, 30
dumosus, Pompilus, 67
Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 62, 67
duplicatus, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) eal
ipterus, 116, 118, 124, 125 (man)
E
elegans, Ceropales, 240, 249, 256, 257
GEE elegans, 240, 257, 258
ma
Bepaian 26, 27, 29, 30
Pepsis elegans, 26, 27, 30
Eragenia, 219
infelix, 219
Evania maculata, 238, 241
iG. tz
variegatus, 116.
278 Wes:
erebus, Calopompilus, 12
erigone, Pseudagenia, 143
eudora, Priophanes, 215
euphorbiae, Agenia, 201
Ageniella (Ageniella), 191, 192, 198,
201 (map), 205
evanst, Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 193,
198, 205 (map)
exaltata, Sphex, 89
Priocnemis, 89
excoctus, Calicurgus hyalinatus, 109, 114,
115 (map)
eximia, Ageniella, 99
externa, Minagenia, 226, 232 (map)
Pseudagenia, 226, 232
F
fabricii, Ameragenia, 215
Fabriogenia incompta, 141
faceta, Ageniella (Priophanes), 177, 181
Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta, 177,
178, 181, 182 (map), 183
facetus, Priocnemis, 176, 181
fairchildi, Priocnemis (Priocnemella),
21
fasciata, Ageniella (Ameragenia), 215,
216, 217 (map)
fasciata, Ceropales, 252
fasciatellus, Pompilus, 108
fasciipennis, Salius, 111
fascipennis, Pompilus, 111
femoralis, Ceropales, 241, 249, 263, 264,
265, 266 (map), 267
Pompilus, 89
femoratus, Pompilus, 143, 144
femur-aureus, Dipogon, 124
feroculis, Chirodamus, 13, 14, 17, 23
(map)
Pseudagenia, 23
festina, Ageniella, 170
Ameragenia, 215
fidelis, Anacyphonyx, 11
flammipennis, Cryptocheilus, 63, 65
Priocnemioides, 58, 64
flavicoxae, Auplopus, 145, 146, 147
Pseudagenia mexicana, 147
flavipes, Pompilus, 81
floridanus, Auplopus caerulescens, 146,
147, 159, 161 (map)
floridanus, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) pa-
pago, 117, 121, 122 (map)
floridanus, Pseudagenia, 161
floridensis, Ceropales, 261
Formica pallide-fulva, 215
Formicidae, 116, 136
formosa, Pepsis, 5, 26, 27, 28
Pepsis formosa, 26, 27, 28
formosus, Pompilus, 28
fortella, Priocnemis, 14
fortis, Chirodamus, 13, 14, 15, 16 (map)
Pompilus (Priocnemis), 11, 15
foxii, Ceropales, 266
fraterna, Ceropales, 244
Ceropales maculata, 239, 243, 244,
245 (map), 247, 248
fraternella, Ageniella, 170
fraternus, Calopompilus, 12
NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
frigida, Ceropales, 252
frivaldszkyi, Pepsis, 25
fulgidifrons, Salius, 173
fulgifrons, Ageniella (Leucophrus), 169,
173 (map)
Pompilus (Priocnemis), 173
rulvieg Pompilus (Priocnemis), 49,
Priocnemioides,
50pe 51,0 Bsn. 08:
(map), 60
fulvipes, Agenia, 144, 152
Ceropales, 239, 249, 268, 270, 271,
272 (map)
fusca, Sphex, 2, 84
fuscatus, Priocnemioides austrinus, 51,
63 (map), 54
fuscipennis, Ageniella (Priophanes), 177,
178, 188, 189 (map)
G
germana, Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90,
91, 92 (map)
germanus, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 92
gigantea, Pepsis, 25
Gigantopepsis, 25
gomelza, Priocnemis, 86
gracilicornis, Psammochares, 78
graenicheri, Dipogon, 139
Dipogon (Dipogon), 131, 132, 138
Dipogon (Dipogon) graenicheri,
131, 189 (map)
gravesii, Pompilus, 81
grisea, Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 192,
193, 195 (map)
grossa, Pepsis, 25
H
Haploneura, 81
apogona, 81
Haploneurion, 81
minus, 82
hatoda, Ceropales, 241, 263, 265, 266,
267 (map)
heiligbrodtii, Chirodamus, 18, 14, 17, 18,
21, 22 (map)
Onochares, 11
Priocnemis, 22
helas, Calomompilus, 12
Hemipepsis, 9, 10, 32, 33 (key)
capensis, 32
commixta, 33
(Xenopepsis) commixta, 32
(Moropepsis) croesus, 32
iodoptera, 38
mexicana, 33, 38, 39 (map)
ochroptera, 34, 37
ochropus, 38
toussainti, 33, 34 (map)
unguicularis, 32
ustulata, 33, 34
ustulata ochroptera, 33, 34, 37
(map), 65
ustulata ustulata, 33, 34, 35, 36
(map), 38, 65
Hemipogonius, 90
hermosa, Calagenia, 143
INDEX
heros, Pepsis, 30
hesperiae, Pepsis, 29
hesperina, Mygnimia, 37
hesperus, Cryptocheilus, 69, 70 (map)
Priocnemis, 70
hestia, Ageniella, 97
Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90, 91, 97,
98 (map)
hirsuta, Pepsis, 30
hirsutula, Agenia, 11
holonis, Priophanes, 170
Homonotus, 6, 221
Hovagenia, 32
saussurei, 32
hyalinatus, Calicurgus, 108, 109 (key)
Calicurgus hyalinatus, 109, 110
Pompilus, 108
Sphex, 108
hymenaea, Pepsis, 25
ypsiceraeus, 238
I
idoneum, Cryptocheilus, 69, 71, 78
Cryptocheilus idoneum, 69, 78
(map)
idoneus, Cryptocheilus, 78
ignipennis, Pompilus, 49, 58
impiger, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 108
inaequalis, Cryptocheilus, 18
incita, Ageniella (Leucophrus), 169,
172 (map)
incitus, Cryptocheilus, 172
incompta, Fabriogenia, 141
incrota, Ameragenia, 215
inermis, Auplopus, 145, 146, 148 (map)
inermis, Pepsis, 30
infelix, Eragenia, 219
infernalis, Reedimia, 12
insignis, Lissagenia, 219
insolens, Priophanes, 215
interior, Pseudagenia mellipes, 152
iodoptera, Hemipepsis, 38
tracundus, Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 116
118, 123, 127 (map)
Irenangelus, 6, 238
irene, Ameragenia, 215
iridipennis, Pompilus (Agenia), 92
iris, Tumagenia, 143
isolata, Ageniella, 219
J
jocaste, Calicurgus, 108
julia, Ageniella, 234
Minagenia, 227, 233, 234 (map)
K
kingii, Chirodamus, 11
kiowa, Priocnemis (Priocnessus), 44
L
lata, Minagenia, 227, 230 (map), 236
leibyi, Priocnemis, 41, 42, 43
Leucophrus, 167, 168, 169 (key), 174
levipes, Pompilus, 226
279
limbata, Pepsis, 25
Lissagenia insignis, 219
longa, Agenia, 175
longipes, Ceropales, 240, 249, 252 (map)
longula, Ageniella (Nemagenia), 174
map
longulus, Pompilus (Agenia), 174, 175
Lophagenia, 143
loranthe, Calicurgus, 108
lucasii, Pepsis, 32
Pepsis chrysothemis, 27, 28, 32
luteicornis, Calicurgus, 66
Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 62, 66
M
Macromerinae, 6
Macromerini, 9, 140 (key), 177
Macromeris, 140
macula, Agenia, 141
maculata, Ceropales, 239, 241, 244
Ceropales maculata, 239, 241
Evania, 238, 241
maculipennis, Chirodamus, 13, 14, 17,
20 (map)
Pompilus, 11, 20
magnus, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 55
Priocnemioides, 50, 51, 52, 53,
55 (map)
major, Minagenia, 227, 229 (map)
manni, Cryptocheilus, 12
marcida, Priophanes, 215
marginata, Pepsis, 27, 28, 30
marginatus, Calicurgus, 108
marionae, Pseudagenia, 150
mariva, Pseudagenia, 16
maya, Ageniella, 210
mellipes, Auplopus, 144, 145, 146, 161
Auplopus mellipes, 144, 145, 146,
152 (map)
Pompilus, 152
meridianus, Auplopus mellipes, 145, 146,
154 (map)
metallica, Anacyphonyx, 12
Pseudagenia, 162
metallicus, Auplopus architectus, 146,
147, 162 (map)
mexicana, Ceropales, 263
Hemipepsis, 33, 38, 39 (map)
Mygnimia, 38
Pepsis, 27, 28, 31
mexicanus, Auplopus,
(map)
Pompilus (Agenia), 156
michiganensis, Minagenia, 227, 228
Micragenia minima, 226
micropilosus, Pompilus (Agenia), 16
mildei, Pepsis, 26, 28, 29
mimulus, Priocnemis, 84
Minagenia, 226 (key), 235
clypeata, 227, 231 (map), 233
congrua, 227, 228 (map)
externa, 226, 232 (map)
julia, 227, 233, 234 (map)
lata, 227, 230 (map), 236
major, 227, 229 (map)
michiganensis, 227, 228
minor, 226
145, 146, 156
280
Minagenia—Continued
montisdorsa, 226, 227, 232, 236
(map)
osoria, 226, 227, 233 (map)
perfecta, 227, 235, 236 (map)
semirufa, 227, 228
shappirioi, 231, 232
Minageniini, 221, 225
minima, Ceropales, 244
Micragenia, 226
minor, Minagenia, 226
minorata, Priocnemis, 6, 7 (fig.), 84
Priocnemis (Priocnemissus),
Wim:
84
(map)
Minotocyphus, 221
mintaka, Ageniella, 197
Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 191, 197
(map)
minus, Haploneurion, 82
minuscula, Agenia, 101
Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90, 91,
101 (map)
minutus, Pompilus, 89
mirabilis, Stenoclavelia, 68
moesta, Priophanes, 84
molestus, Priocnemioides, 58
molinoi, Priocnemis (Calicurgus), 198
mollis, Auplopus, 145, 147, 157 (map)
monachus, Pompilus, 11
Monodontonyx, 9
monticola, Priocnemella, 40
montisdorsa, Minagenia, 226, 227, 232,
236 (map)
montrouzieri, Priocnemis, 82
Moropepsis, 32
Mygnimia, 9
cressoni, 35, 36
hesperina, 37
mexicana, 38
toussainti, 34
Myrmecosalius, 89
nigriceps, 89, 103
N
najacra, Pseudagenia, 14
nanella, Pseudagenia, 165
Nannochilus, 226
obscurus, 226
osoria, 233
peruanus, 226
Nannopepsis, 25
navajo, Priocnemis, 89, 104
Priocnemis (Priocnemis) notha, 90,
91, 104 (map), 106
nebulosus, Prioenemis, 41, 44, 141
Priocnessus, 41 (map), 46, 49
neglecta, Ageniella, 208
Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 191, 198,
207, 208 (map)
Nemagenia, 168, 174
neomexicana, Ceropales, 239, 268, 270,
271 (map)
neotropicalis, Salius, 40
Salius (Priocnemis), 40
nephele, Pepsis, 28
nigrella, Pseudagenia, 165
NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
nigrellus, Auplopus, 145, 146, 147, 158,
162, 163, 165 (map)
nigricans, Priocnessus, 41 47 (map), 49
nigriceps, Myrmecosalius, 89, 103
Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90, 91,
103 (map)
nigrior, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi,
116, 118, 130 (map)
nigripes, Ceropales, 240, 249, 259, 260
(map)
nitida, Sphex, 11
norata, Ageniella, 206
Ageniella (Ageniella),
198, 206 (map)
notabilis, Ameragenia, 215
notha, Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90, 104
Priocnemis (Priocnemis) notha, 91,
106, 107 (map)
nothus, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 107
Notocyphini, 221
Notocyphus, 6, 221, 222
dorsalis, 222 (key), 224
dorsalis arizonicus, 222, 223 (map),
225
dorsalis dorsalis, 222, 223, 224,
225 (map)
dorsalis restrictus, 222, 225
plagiatus, 222
saevissimus, 222
texanus, 224, 225
novellus, Pompilus, 215, 217
nubifer, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calip-
terus, 118, 125 (map).
Pompilus (Agenia), 125
nuperus, Pompilus, 40
Pompilus (Priocnemis), 48
Priocnessus, 41, 48 (map)
190, 192,
O
obscura, Ageniella, 199
Ageniella (Ageniella), 191, 192, 198
Ageniella (Ageniella) obscura, 191,
192, 199 (map)
obseurus, Nanochilus, 226
obtusiventris, Priocnemis, 89
occidentalis, Ceropales fraternus, 244
occidentis, Priocnemis, 105
Priocnemis (Priocnemis) notha, 91,
105, 106 (map)
ochreus, Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis, 132,
137 (map)
ochroptera, Hemipepsis, 34, 37
Hemipepsis ustulata, 33, 34, 37
(map), 65
ochropus, Hemipepsis, 38
Olixon, 6
Onochares, 11
brazoria, 11, 22
heiligbrodtii, 11
oregona, Priocnemis, 87
Priocnemis (Priocnemissus), 84, 87
(map)
orijones, Calicurgus, 108
ornata, Priophanes, 40
osceola, Phanagenia, 141
Priocnemis, 218
INDEX
281
osoria, Minagenia, 226, 227 233 (map) | Pepsis—Continued
Nannochilus, 233
otiosa, Priophanes, 175, 176
P
Pachynimia, 32
pacifica, Ceropales, 240, 241, 263, 264,
(map), 266
paeneparcus, Cryptocheilus, 107
pallescens, Cryptocheilus, 181
pallide-fulva, Formica, 215
pallidicornis, Pompilus (Agenia) dakota,
’
pallida, Ageniella, 196
Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 192, 195,
196 (map)
pallidipenne, Cryptocheilus, 68, 69, 74
map
pallidolimbata, Pepsis, 27, 28, 31
Pepsis pallidolimbata, 27, 28, 31
Pallosoma, 32
barbara, 32
paludis, Dipogon (Dipogon), 132, 133
(map)
papago, Deuteragenia, 120
papago, Dipogon (Deuteragenia) papago,
117, 120 (map)
Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 117, 118,
119
Paracyphonyx, 9
parcus, Pompilus, 89
parkeri, Priocnemis, 176
partida, Ameragenia, 215
partita, Ageniella, 193
Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 192, 193
(map)
parvulus, Calopompilus, 12
Priocnemis, 89
pallidipennis, Priocnemoides, 74
pattoni, Pepsis, 29
Pepsis formosa, 26, 27, 29
pedunculata, Stenagenia, 143
Pepsinae, 6, 8, 9 (key), 26, 50, 68, 115
Pepsini, 9, 10 (key), 12
Pepsis, 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 25, 26 (key), 33, 67
angustimarginata, 26, 28, 29
aquila, 27, 30
arizonica, 27, 30
azteca, 26, 28, 29
bequaerti, 31
Boguei, 29
Bonariensis, 66, 67
cerberus, 30
chrysothemis, 27, 28, 31, 32
chrysothemis chrysothemis, 27, 28,
32
chrysothemis lucasii, 27, 28, 32
cinnabarina, 32
dimidiata, 25
dubitata, 30
elegans, 26, 27, 29, 30
elegans cerberus, 26, 27, 30
elegans elegans, 26, 27, 30
formosa, 5, 26, 27, 28
formosa formosa, 26, 27, 28
formosa pattoni, 26, 27, 29
frivaldszkyi, 25
gigantea, 25
grossa, 25
heros, 30
hesperiae, 29
hirsuta, 30
hymenaea, 25
inermis, 30
limbata, 25
Lueasii, 32
marginata, 27, 28, 30
mexicana, 27, 28, 31
mildei, 26, 28, 29
nephele, 28
pallidolimbata, 27, 28, 31
pallidolimbata pallidolimbata, 27,
28, 31
palliodolimbata smithi, 27, 28, 31
pattoni, 29
planifrons, 25
pruinosa, 25
pseudoformosa, 29
ruficornis, 25
saphirus, 26, 28, 29
sayi, 31
sherillae, 31
thisbe, 27, 28, 31
venusta, 27, 30
perfecta, Agenia, 235
Minagenia, 227, 235, 236 (map)
persimilis, Ageniella, 210
peruanus, Nannochilus, 226
peruvianus, Cryptocheilus, 67
Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 61, 67
petiolatus, Pompilus (Agenia), 210
Phanagenia, 140, 141
bombycina, 141, 142 (map)
osceola, 141
pictipennis, Priophanes, 177
pilosa, Deuteragenia, 124
Pilpomus, 143
placita, Ageniella (Priophanes), 177,
1
’
Ageniella (Priophanes) placita, 177,
178, 184 (map)
Cryptocheilus, 184, 185
plagiatus, Notocyphus, 222
plagosa, Priophanes, 215
planifrons, Pepsis, 25
Pogonius, 116
Pompilidae, 2
pomilius, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 99
Salius, 99
Priocnemis, 99
Pompilus, 2
(Agenia) acceptus, 189, 213
(Agenia) agilis, 173
(Agenia) albopilosus, 14
alienatus, 111
architectus, 163
(Agenia) bombycinus, 141
(Agenia) brevis, 131, 135
(Agenia) calcaratus, 111
(Agenia) calcaratus accolens, 113,
114
calipterus, 124
(Priocnemis) cincticornis, 40
282
Pompilus—Continued
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
comparatus, 87
(Agenia) congruus, 227
(Miscus) conicus, 99
(Miscus) cornicus, 99
(Agenia) cupidus, 203
(Agenia) dakota, 44
(Agenia) dakota pallidicornis, 44, 45
dumosus, 67
fasciatellus, 108
fascipennis, 111
femoralis, 89
femoratus, 143, 144
flavipes, 81
formosus, 28
(Priocnemis) fortis, 11, 15
(Priocnemis fulgifrons, 173
(Prioenemis) fulvicornis, 49, 58
(Priocnemis) germanus, 92
gravesii, 81
hyalinatus, 108
ignipennis, 49, 58
(Priocnemis) impiger, 108
(Agenia) iridipennis, 92
levipes, 226
(Agenia) longulus, 174, 175
maculipennis, 11, 20
(Priocnemis) magnus, 55
mellipes, 152
(Agenia) mexicanus, 156
(Agenia) micropilosus, 16
minutus, 89
monachus, 11
(Priocnemis) nothus, 107
novellus, 215, 217
(Agenia) nubifer, 125
nuperus, 40
(Priocnemis) nuperus, 48
parcus, 89
(Agenia) petiolatus, 210
(Priocnemis) pomilius, 99
pulchellus, 108
(Agenis) pulchrinus, 41
(Agenia) pulchripennis, 118
pusillus, 89
pyrrhomelas, 18
(Priocnemis) rupex, 113
(Priocnemis) sartorianus, 177
(Priocnemis) scitulus, 95
(Priocnemis) subopacus, 72
terminatus, 72, 73
unifasciatus, 62
(Priocnemis) validus, 11, 24
(Agenia) varipes, 154
viaticus, 2
violaceipes, 198
Priocnemioides, 9, 11, 12, 49, 50 (key),
68
angusticeps, 51, 58, 60 (map), 64
aratus, 50, 61, 52 (map)
austrinus, 50, 51, 53
austrinus austrinus, 51, 54 (map)
austrinus fuscatus, 51, 53 (map), 54
flammipennis, 58, 64
fulvicornis, 50, 51, 57, 58 (map),
60, 67
magnus, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55 (map)
molestus, 58
texanus, 50, 51, 53, 56
texanus atripennis, 50, 56 (map),
texanus texanus, 50, 56, 57 (map)
tenebrosus, 66
unifasciatus, 6, 7 (fig.),
51, 58, 60, 61 (key)
unifasciatus californicus, 51, 62,
65 (map), 66
unifasciatus cressoni, 51, 60, 62, 64
(map), 65, 66
unifasciatus dumosus, 62, 67
unifasciatus luteicornis, 62, 66
unifasciatus peruvianus, 61, 67
unifasciatus unifasciatus, 51, 61, 62
ee iit
unifasciatus urichi, 62, 66
unifasciata ustulata, 65
urichi, 66
Priocnemis, 9, 10, 11, 80 (key), 81, 89,
90 (key), 108
(Priocnemis) abbreviatus, 91, 102
ae
(Priocnemis) aequalis, 90, 91, 96,
97 (map)
agenioides, 186
alienatus borealis, 110
(Priocnessus) apache, 46
(Calicurgus) ariel, 108
arioles, 176
arizonica, 179
(Clistoderes) astarte, 83
conicus, 84
coriaceus, 83
“‘coriarius,”’ 83
(Priocnemis) cornica, 90, 91, 99
(map) |
christophei, 108
directa, 175
(Calicurgus) doddsi, 108
dowi, 176
exaltata, 89
facetus, 176, 181
(Priocnemella) fairchildi, 219
fortella, 14
populator, Dipogon, 131
praestans, Ageniella, 212 (Priocnemis) germana, 90, 91, 92
pretiosa, Ameragenia, 215 (map)
Priocnemis, 82 gomelza, 86
Priocnemis (Sphictostethus), 82 heiligbrodtii, 22
(map) hesperus, 70
Priocnemella, 140, 141, 219 (Priocnemis) hestia, 90, 91, 97, 98
domingensis, 198 (map)
monticola, 40 (Priocnessus) kiowa, 44
salti, 218
tabascoensis, 219, 220 (map)
leibyi, 41, 42, 43
mimulus, 84
INDEX
Priocnemis—Continued
minorata, 6, 7 (fig.), 84
ee minorata, 84 (map)
Priocnemis) minuscula, 90, 91, 101
(map)
(Calicurgus) molinoi, 198
montrouzieri, 82
nayajo, 89, 104
nebulosus, 41, 44, 141
(Priocnemis) nigriceps, 90, 91, 103
(map) _
(Priocnemissus) nigripes, 84, 86
(map) |
(Priocnemis) notha, 90, 104
(Priocnemis) notha alaskensis,
106, 107 (map)
(Priocnemis) notha navajo, 90,
104 (map), 106
(Priocnemis) notha notha, 91, 106,
107 (map)
(Priocnemis) notha occidentis, 91,
105, 106 (map)
obtusiventris, 89
occidentis, 105
oregona, 87
(Priocnemissus) oregona,
(map)
osceola, 218
parkeri, 176
pervulus, 89
pompilus, 99
pretiosa, 82
(Sphictostethus) pretiosa, 82 (map)
relicta, 94
reynoldsi, 171
rufescens, 180
(Prioenemis) scitula, 90, 91, 94
(Priocnemis) scitula relicta, 90, 91,
94 (map)
(Priocnemis) scitula scitula, 90, 91,
95 (map)
semitincta, 168, 170
subconicus, 41
texanus, 56
tinctor, 32
ursula, 215
(Priocnemella) wheeleri, 198
(Priocnemis) zeteki, 215
Priocnemissus, 81, 83, 84 (key), 89
Priocnemoides, 49
pallidipennis, 74
Priocnessus, 10, 40 (key)
apache, 40, 46 (map), 49
coloradensis, 41, 45 (map), 49
dakota, 41, 44 (map), 49
nebulosus, 41 (map), 46, 49
nigricans, 41, 47 (map), 49
nuperus, 41, 48 (map)
prominens, 40
Prionocnemoides, 49
Prionoenemis, 89
Prionoenemus, 89
Priophanes, 168, 176, 177 (key)
comes, 177
eudora, 215
holonis, 170
insolens, 215
91,
91,
84, 87
283
Priophanes—Continued
marcida, 215
moesta, 84
ornata, 40
otiosa, 175, 176
pictipennis, 177
plagosa, 215
rufigaster, 177
prominens, Priocnessus, 40
propinquus, Calicurgus, 89
pruinosa, Pepsis, 25
Psammochares, 2
gracilicornis, 78
tenuicornis, 78
Psammocharidae, 2, 6, 8 (key), 115, 238
Psammocharinae, 2, 6, 8, 221
Pseudagenia anconis, 215
antennalis, 159
apicipennis, 184, 185
ariella, 159
birkmanni, 187
blaisdelli, 212
(Minagenia) brevicornis, 226
bruesi, 198
coerulescens , 160
erigone, 143
externa, 226, 232
feroculis, 23
floridana, 161
marionae, 150
mariva, 16
mellipes adjusta, 150
mellipes interior, 152
metallica, 162
mexicana flavicoxae, 147
najacra, 14
nanella, 165
nigrella, 165
submetalica, 205
tabascoensis, 219
texana, 213
virginica, 186
pseudoformosa, Pepsis, 29
pulchellus, Pompilus, 108
pulchrinus, Pompilus (Agenia), 41
puke ae Dipogon (Deuteragenia),
117, 118, 119 (map), 120
Pompe (Agenia), 118
purpuripes, Ageniella, 198
pusillus, Pompilus, 89
pygmaeus, Dipogon (Dipogon), 132
map
pyrrhomelas, Chirodamus, 13, 14, 17,
18, 19 (map)
Pompilus, 18
Q
quaintancei, Ceropales, 258
Ceropales elegans, 240, 257, 258,
259 (map)
quitus, Calicurgus, 108
R
recalvus, Dipogon (Dipogon) brevis, 131,
132, 134 (map), 137
Reedimia, 11
infernalis, 12
U. §. NATIONAL
284
relicta, Priocnemis, 94
Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula, 90,
91, 94 (map)
restricta, Ageniella, 200
restrictus, Notocyphus dorsalis, 222, 225
reynoldsi, Ageniella (Leucophrus), 169,
171 (map)
Priocnemis, 171
rhodomerus, Ceropales maculata, 139,
243 (map), 245, 247
Rhopalosomatidae, 6
robinsonii, Ceropales, 238, 248, 253
Ceropales robinsonii, 240, 253, 254
(map), 256
rosasi, Anacyphonyx, 12
rubineus, Alasagenia, 193, 194
rufescens, Ageniella (Priophanes), 178,
180 (map)
rufescens, Priocnemis, 180
ruficornis, Pepsis, 25
rufigaster, Calicurgus, 108
Priophanes, 177
rufigastra, Agenia, 227, 228
rufipes, Tetraodontoyx, 32
rufiventris, Ceropales, 238, 253, 255
rufothorax, Ageniella, 219
rufula, Ageniella, 219, 220
rugata, Ceropales, 240, 241, 263, 264,
265 (map), 267
rugosus, Cryptocheilus, 18
rupex, Calicurgus hyalinatus, 109, 110,
113, 114 (map)
Pompilus (Priocnemis), 113
Ss
saevissimus, Notocyphus, 222
Salius, 67, 68
(Priocnemis) dispertitius, 84
fasciipennis, 111
fulgidifrons, 173
neotropicalis, 40
(Priocnemis) neotropicalis, 40
pompilius, 99
schenckii, 89
(Priocnemis) thaumastarius, 81
salti, Ageniella (Ameragenia), 215, 216,
218 (map)
Priocnemella, 218
saphirus, Pepsis, 26, 28, 29
sartorianus, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 177
saussurei, Hovagenia, 32
sayi, Dipogon, 128
Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 177, 123,
128
Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi, 118,
128, 129 (map)
sayi, Pepsis, 31
schenckii, Salius, 89
scitula, Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 90, 91,
9
Priocnemis (Priocnemis) scitula, 90,
91, 95 (map)
scitulus, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 95
Schizagenia, 143
earinigena, 145
MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
seminole, Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 192,
196 (map)
semirufa, Minagenia, 227, 228
semitinecta, Ageniella (Leucophrus), 169,
170 (map)
Priocnemis, 168, 170
sericea, Dipogon, 123, 127
sericeus, Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 116,
117 (key), 127
severini, Cryptocheilus, 6, 7 (fig.), 69,
76 (map)
sexpunctata, Sphex, 67
shappirioi, Minagenia, 231, 232
sherillae, Pepsis, 31
similaris, Ameragenia, 215
Sinotocyphus, 221
smithi, Pepsis pallidolimbata, 27, 28, 31
sonorensis, Ageniella (Priophanes) pla-
cita, 177, 178, 185 (map)
Sphecidae, 2
Sphex annulata, 67
carbonarius, 143
exaltata, 89
fusca, 2, 84
hyalinata, 108
nitida, 11
sexpunctata, 67
variegata, 116
Sphictostethus, 80, 81, 82
Stenagenia, 143
pedunculata, 143
taeneatus, 143
Stenoclavelia, 68
mirabilis, 68
Stenopepsis, 25
stigmatica, Ceropales robinsoni, 255
Ceropales robinsonii, 240, 255 (map)
stretchii, Ceropales, 247
Ceropales maculata, 139, 245, 247,
248 (map)
striga, Ageniella (Ameragenia), 215, 216
map)
subaequalis, Ageniella, 201
subconicus, Priocnemis, 41
subcorticalis, Auplopus caerulescens,
146, 147, 158, 159 (map)
submetalica, Pseudagenia, 205
Ageniella (Ageniella), 190, 193, 198,
205 (map)
subopacum, Cryptocheilus terminatum,
69, 72 (map)
subopacus, Pompilus (Priocnemis), 72
subra, Ageniella, 186
superba, Ceropales, 254
T
tabascoensis, Priocnemella, 219, 220
(map)
Pseudagenia, 219
taeneatus, Stenagenia, 143
tenebrosus, Priocnemioidies, 66
tenella, Ageniella, 94
tenuicornis, Psammochares, 78
terminatum, Chryptocheilus, 69, 70, 71
Cryptocheilus terminatum, 69, 72,
73 (map)
INDEX
terminatus, Pompilus, 72, 73
Tetracryptocheilus, 32
Tetracryptochilus, 32
Tetraodontonyx, 32
rufipes, 32
texana, Ceropales, 259
Pseudagenia, 213
texanus, Dipogon, 137
Dipogon (Dipogon), 131, 137, 138
map
Notocyphus, 224, 225
Priocnemioides, 50, 51, 53, 56
Priocnemioides texanus, 50, 56, 57
(map) |
Priocnemis, 56
thaumastarius, Salius (Priocnemis), 81
thione, Ameragenia, 215
thisbe, Pepsis, 27, 28, 31
thoracicus, Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 116,
118, 123, 126 (map)
tibialis, Ceropales bipunctata, 240, 261
; (map)
tinctor, Priocnemis, 32
tolteca, Adirostes, 68
toussainti, Hemipepsis, 33, 34 (map)
Mygnimia, 34
Trichocurgus, 11
Trichonyx, 32
Trichopepsis, 25
Tumagenia, 143
Tumagenia iris, 143
U
unguicularis, Hemipepsis, 32
unifasciatus, Pompilus, 62
Priocnemioides, 6, 7, (fig.), 51, 58,
60, 61 (key)
Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 51, 61,
62 (map)
urichi, Priocnemioides, 66
Priocnemioides unifasciatus, 62, 66
ursula, Priocnemis, 215
285
ustulata, Hemipepsis, 33, 34
Hemipepsis ustulata, 33, 34, 36,
36 (map), 38, 65
Priocnemioides unifasciata, 65
Vv
validus, Chirodamus, 13, 14, 17, 23, 24
(lap Neat
Pompilus (Priocnemis), 11, 24
variegata, Sphex, 116
variegatus, Anoplius, 116
Dipogon (Deuteragenia), 116, 117,
123
variitarsata, Agenia, 154
variitarsatus, Auplopus mellipes, 145,
146, 153, 154, 155 (map)
vartolarum, Auplopus, 145, 146, 149
map
varipes, Pompilus (Agenia), 154
ventralis, Ageniella (Priophanes) faceta,
177, 178, 183 (map)
venusta, Pepsis, 37, 30
Vespoidea, 6
viaticus, Pompilus, 2
violaceipes, Pompilus, 198
virginica, Pseudagenia, 186
vogelt, Ageniella (Ageniella), 191, 192,
198, 202 (map)
vulgaris, Calicurgus, 84
W
wheeleri, Priocnemis (Priocnemella), 198
xX
Xanthampulex, 237, 238
xanthopus, Agenia, 81
Xenopepsis, 32
Zz
zeteki, Priocnemis (Priocnemis), 215
Hosts and Prey
Achillea lanulosa, 248
aestivale, Benzoin, 86
Agelenopsis, 43
naevia, 43
pennsylvanica, 43
Spe uae
Ageniella partita, 268
alba, Melilotus, 54, 59, 76, 224, 258, 259, 260
americana, Bifora, 101, 215
americanus, Ceanothus, 143
Ampelopsis arborea, 54, 59, 263
angustifolia, Sphaeralcea, 172, 260
annus, Helianthus, 258, 270
Aralia spinosa, 247
Araneinae, 113
arborea, Ampelopsis, 54, 59, 263
Arctosa littoralis, 194
arenicola, Pirata, 101
Asclepias pumila, 270
verticillata, 260
sp., 57, 66, 194, 224, 225, 260
Aster paniculatus, 263
sp., 247
aurantius, Paraphidippus, 122
avara, Lycosa, 203, 211
Avicennia sp., 57
avida, Lycosa, 59
Baccharis glutinosa, 215, 224
salicina, 65, 225
sp., 57, 71
Benzoin aestivale, 86
Betula papyrifera, 155
Bifora americana, 101, 215
Blueberry, 86
286
bombycina, Phanagenia, 255
caementarium, Sceliphron, 153
californicus, Ranunculus, 101, 247
Camponotus, 116, 136
herculeanus, 203
canadensis, Sambucus, 113
carota, Daucus, 37, 101, 247, 272
Carya wood, 122
Cassia nictitans, 171, 183, 215, 266
Ceanothus americanus, 143
Cercidium microphyllum, 37
Ceropales hatoda, 194
Chrysis pattoni, 153
Circuta maculata, 54, 255
Cirsium lanceolatum, 247
Cleome serrulata, 20, 71
Clubiona sp., 219
Condalia lycioides, 65
Conium maculatum, 76
Corn, 180
Daucus carota 37, 101, 247, 272
drummondii, Sapindus, 65
Hriogonum Sp. ., 247, 248, 258, 260
Eupatorium perfoliatum, 155
Euphorbia marginata, 59, 61, 63, 64,
204, 215, 263
Evarcha hoyi, 101
Fagus grandifolia, 122
gallica, Tamarix, 65, 77, 258, 260
SIU OSe Baccharis, 215, 224
naphosa sericata, 194
grandifolia, Fagus, 122
Guardiola tulocarpa, 225
hatoda, Ceropales, 194
Helianthus anuus, 258, 270
herculeanus, Camponotus, 203
honeydew, 45, 49, 155, 174, 180, 203,
208, 247, 268
hoyl, Evarcha, 101
“kochii, Lycosa,’’ 143
lanceolatum, Cirsium,
lanulosa, Achillea, 248
lapathifolium, Polygonum, 59
Liriodendron sp., 45, 49, 203, 268
littoralis, Arctosa, 194
Lomatium sp., 83, 247
lycioides, Condalia, 65
Lycosa avara, 203, 211
avida, 59
“kochii, ” 143
riparia, 63
sp., 76, 83, 101, 211
maculata, Circuta, 54, 255
maculatum, Conium, 76
Maevia vittata, 143
247
marginata, Euphorbia, 59, 61, 63, 64,
204, 215, 263
marginatus, Paraphidippus, 106
mealybugs, 180
Medicago sativa, 247
rele als, 54, 59, 76, 224, 258, 259,
microphyllum, Cercidium, 37
U. 8S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 209
Monarda punctata, 59
sp., 77, 80
naevia, Agelenopsis, 43
nervosus, Zygoballus, 100
nictitans, Cassia, 171, 183, 215, 266
nuttallii, ’Polytaenia, am 59, 65, 263, 272
paniculatus, Aster, 263
papyrifera, Betula, 155
Paraphidippus aurantius, 122
marginatus, 106
Pardosa sp., 101
partita, Ageniella, 268
Pastinaca sativa, 97, 113, 136, 247
pattoni, Chrysis, 153
pennsylvanica, Agelenopsis, 43
perfoliatum, Eupatorium, 155
Petalostemum sp:, 07
Phanagenia bombycina, 255
Phidippus sp., 137, 153
Pinus strobus, 155
Pirata arenicola, 101
Pisaurina undata, 153
Pogonomyrmex sp., 215
Polistes sp., 153
politum, Trypoxylon, 153
pee lapathifolium, 59
, 247
Eolvtsena nuttallii, 37, 59, 65, 263, 272
Prunus serotina, 86
Pseudotsuga taxifolia, 163
pulchella, Vicia, 143
pumila, Asclepias, 270
punctata, Monarda, 59
Ranunculus californicus,
riparia, Lycosa, 63
salicina, Baccharis, 65, 225
Salix sp., 208
Sambucus canadensis, 113
Sapindus drummondii, 65
sativa, Medicago, 247
Pastinaca, 97, 113, 136, 247
Sceliphron caementarium, 153
sericata, Gnaphosa, 194
serotina, Prunus, 86
serrulata, Cleome, 20, 71
Solidago sp., 54, 59, 63, 225, 243, 247,
263, 270, 272
Sorghum, 180
Sphaeralcea angustifolia, 172, 260
spinosa, Aralia, 247
Stillingia sylvatica, 80, 263
strobus, Pinus, 155
sylvatica, Stillingia, 80, 263
Symphoricarpos sp. 54
Tamarix gallica, 65, 77, 258, 260
taxifolia, Pseudotsuga, 163
Trypoxylon politum, 153
tulocarpa, Guardiola, 225
undata, Pisaurina, 153
Vicia pulchella, 143
verticillata, Asclepias, 260
vittata, Maevia, 143
Zelotus sp., 194
Zygoballus. nervosus, 100
101, 247
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956
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